This document provides answers to a CJUS 310 quiz. It contains answers to 80 multiple choice questions about juvenile justice, criminological theories, and delinquency. Some key topics covered in the answers include the juvenile justice system, definitions of minor and delinquency, self-report studies vs official statistics on youth crime, risk factors for delinquency, and gender differences in offending patterns.

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Liberty CJUS 310 Quiz 1 Answers
1. Nineteenth‐century reformers, known as _____, developed programs for
troubled youth and influenced legislation creating the juvenile justice
system; today some critics view them as being more concerned with
control of the poor than with their welfare.
2. Most states define minor child as an individual who falls under a statutory
age limit, most commonly thirteen years of age.
3. State control over a child’s noncriminal behavior supports the parens
patriae philosophy, because it is assumed to be in the best interests of the
child.
4. About 5.5 million youths are arrested each year.
5. A family style wherein the father is the final authority on all family
matters and exercises complete control over his wife and children is:
6. Adults 25 years of age and older with less than a high school diploma earn
______ percent less than those who have earned a high school diploma.
7. The NCVS is a household survey of offenders that measures the nature of
the crime and the characteristics of the offenders.
8. Official arrest statistics indicate that European American youths are
arrested for a disproportionate share of arson and alcohol‐related
violations.
9. Most self‐report studies indicate that the number of children who break
the law is far smaller than official statistics would lead us to believe.
10.Manslaughter and forcible rape are examples of part II offenses.
11.In 2008, juveniles accounted for 1% of all arrests for part I offenses.
12.According to the text, girls are more likely than boys to be arrested as
runaways.
13.Research shows that children with conduct disorder are frequently
involved in bullying, fighting, committing sexual assaults, and behaving
cruelly toward animals.
14.According to the concept of _____, if offenders are punished severely, the
experience will convince them not to repeat their illegal acts.
15.According to the text, behaviorism was popularized by Harvard professor:
16.Cognitive theory contends that the choice to commit delinquent acts can
be controlledby the threat of punishment; if people believe illegal
behavior will result in severe sanctions, they will choose not to commit
crimes.
17.A psychological condition producing mood swings between wild elation
and deep depression is called:
18.According to routine activity theory, elderly women have the highest
crime victim rates because they are seen as suitable targets for crime.

2. 19.Children with ADHD are more likely to use illicit drugs, alcohol,
cigarettes in adolescence.
20.Though national dropout rates are in decline, European American students
have little more than a 50:50 chance of finishing high school with a
diploma.
21.Which of the following best describes social disorganization theory
principles?
22.Which of the following theories centers around a view of societyin which
an elite class uses the law as a means of meeting threats to its status?
23.“Delinquency is a result of youths’ desire to conform to lower‐class
neighbourhood values that conflict with those of the larger society.” This
statement most closelyreflects:
24.The _____ theories tie delinquency rates to socioeconomic conditions and
cultural values; areas that experience high levels of poverty and social
disorganization will also have high delinquency rates.
25.The social structure theories tie delinquency rates to all of the following
except:
26.The concept of social disorganization was first recognized by sociologists:
27.The _____, identified by Loeber and his associates, begins at an early age
with stubborn behavior; it leads to defiance and then to authority
avoidance.
28.Contemporary developmental research was inspired by the research
efforts of Harvard's _____ in the 1930s.
29.Problem behavior syndrome advocates believe that delinquency is but one
of several social problems experienced by at risk youths.
30.In Laub and Sampson’s follow up of the Glueck study, when participants
in their 60s and 70s were asked what the most important element for going
straight was, they replied:
31.The Gluecks’ research focused on _____ as a harbinger of a delinquent
career.
32.Policy‐based initiatives based on premises of _____ theory typically
feature multisystematic treatment efforts designed to provide at‐risk kids
with personal, social, education, and family services.
33.By following two matched samples of delinquents and nondelinquents
until they reached age sixty‐five, Laub and Sampson found that _____
delinquents died of unnatural causes compared to the nondelinquent
subjects.
34.Which of the following statements about gender differences and
delinquency is false?
35.According to the text, which of the following statements about gender and
the juvenile justice system is false?
36.Which of the following families is most likely to produce daughters whose
law‐violating behaviors mirror those of their brothers?
37.Which of the following statements is true concerning gender socializing
and aggression?
38.To illustrate support for the chivalry hypothesis, its proponents point to

3. data showing that even though women make up about 20 percent of
arrestees, they account for less than _____ percent of inmates.
39.According to W.I. Thomas, female delinquency is linked to a wish for
luxury and excitement.
40.Moore’s study of gang girls in East Los Angeles found that about 30
percent of the females reported that family members made sexual
advances towards them.
41.Poor law legislation requiring poor and dependent children to serve
apprenticeships was never passed in the United States.
42.Running away and underage consumption of alcohol represent:
43.According to the text, about one third of U.S. households with children
experience one of three housing problems. Which of the following is not
one of these three problems?
44.According to the text, criminal laws control interpersonal or private
activities and these legal actions are usually initiated by individual
citizens.
45.The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 created a system of church wardens
and overseers who, with the consent of justices of the peace, identified
vagrant, delinquent, and neglected children and put them to work.
46.According to Erik Erikson, role diffusion occurs when youths:
47.Research shows that the more kids watch TV, the more often they get into
violent encounters.
48.About 70 percent of all arrests in 2008 involved white Americans.
49.According to the text, kids who engage in the most serious forms of
delinquency are more likely to be members of the upper class.
50.Teens are less likely than their grandparents to become the victims of
crimes.
51.Crime victimization tends to be interracial.
52.According to the text, girls are more likely than boys to be arrested as
runaways.
53.According to _____ theory, delinquency is a function of personal
predispositions such as temperament, personality, hormones, or genetics.
54.Classical criminology suggests that delinquent acts, especially violent
ones, are not rational choices but uncontrollable, irrational behaviors.
55.According to the text, delinquents do not like to travel to commit crimes.
56.The _____ argues that the link between learning disabilities and
delinquency is caused by the side effects of learning disabilities such as
impulsiveness and the inability to learn from social cues.
57.It is estimated that the average child views _____ TV murders before
finishing elementary school.
58.Beccaria and Bentham found that delinquents manifest physical anomalies
that make them similar to our primitive ancestors
59.hold that children will model their behavior according to the reactions
they receive from others.
60.According to social disorganization theory, all people have the potential to
become delinquents, but their bonds to conventional societyprevent them

4. from violating the law.
61.Which of the following would best describe a prevention effort advocated
by a social structure theorist?
62.This source of strain outlined by Robert Agnew is caused by experiencing
child abuse, criminal victimization, school failure, and the presence of
drugs and violence in the neighborhood.
63.Which of the following statements is true?
64.In restorative justice, the community's obligation is to the victim of the
crime and not to the offender.
65.Which of the following theories assumes that all people have the potential
to commit crimes but are kept in check by their attachments to society?
66.In Hirschi's social control theory, attachment, commitment, involvement,
and _____ are elements of the bond to society.
67.Being _____ is not a sign that a person has low self‐control.
68.Policy‐based initiatives based on premises of _____ theory typically
feature multisystematic treatment efforts designed to provide at‐risk kids
with personal, social, education, and family services.
69.The life course perspective contends that disruptions in life's major
transitions can be destructive and ultimately can promote criminality.
70.Problem behavior syndrome advocates believe that delinquency is but one
of several social problems experienced by at risk youths.
71.The Gluecks’ research focused on _____ as a harbinger of a delinquent
career.
72.The authority conflict pathway, identified by Loeber and his associates,
begins at an early age with stubborn behavior; it leads to defiance and then
to authority avoidance.
73.The Gluecks' research concluded that the adolescent raised in a large,
single parent family of limited economic means and educational
achievement was the most vulnerable to delinquency.
74.Critical feminists argue that, as the roles of women change, so will their
crime patterns.
75.Girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.
76.Adler argued that female delinquency would be affected by:
77.According to the _____ feminist view, male exploitation acts as a trigger
for female delinquent behavior.
78.Which of the following statements is true concerning gender socializing
and aggression?
79.According to socialization models, men are much more likely to feel
distressed than women.
80.In _____ families, fathers are the breadwinners and mothers stay home or
have menial jobs.