VCU INFO 644 Critical Thinking 1
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This document discusses security breaches and social engineering attacks. It explains that security breaches often happen because individuals seek to steal corporate or private information for financial or competitive gain. It then describes how social engineering attacks work, including dumpster diving and posing as employees or consultants to trick people into providing access or information. An example is given of reverse social engineering where an attacker causes a problem and then fixes it in order to establish trust and get login credentials. The document concludes by discussing technical and social vulnerabilities and measures companies can take to prevent security breaches like developing comprehensive security policies, conducting audits and training.
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Introduction
Over the past years, there have been increasing cases of information security threats. As the information technology professionals stay up to date with the latest technologies, they navigate through complicated playing field. There has been a newly introduced terminology that has brought a lot of confusion in the area of technology. This paper focuses on the background of information security. It also looks at the information technology threats as well as the importance of planning policies to mitigate these risks.
History of Information Security
The computers were initially created to facilitate the swift exchange of information from one person to another (Jouini, 2014). The initial information technology infrastructure was created around the mainframe computers while others were established around the personal computers. At first, it seemed impossible to advance these computers to the present generation computers and information technology gadgets. However, as information technology revolutionize, new avenues are opening for the possibility of crimes. Cyber criminals take advantage of these opportunities to steal the passwords of the computers and get access to the private information as well as make devastating effects on computers and networks.
The nature of the use of computers has changed over the years. Various networks have been developed to enable the sharing and circulation of information and data. Regulating the access to these possessions is problematic as one need to stabilize the need for access to free information with the value of the content of the data he or she receives (Layton, 2016). Most of the information today is very sensitive while others are not. The information technology has today progressed over just the usernames and passwords. The field today encompasses digital strategies, the process of biometric identification and integrated security strategies.
The Need for Security
Many organizations agree that putting up the policies for information security is expensive and time-consuming. Most users also get interrupted by the substantial security policies that complicate their works and in turn develop bad politics within organizations (Omar, 2017). As such, it is essential to plan an audit policy on large networks that may consume a lot of time and money. Most users believe that there is no need to implement the security policies if there is no secret work done.
Developing a poor security plan can lead to detrimental effects and even devastating disasters. A password policy which enables the users to use weak or poor passwords is the paradise for the hackers (Von Solms, 2013). The absence of firewall or protection for the proxy between the firm and the local area network is a loophole for the company to become a cybercrime target.
Organizations should figure out the amount it may take them to efficiently implement the information security policies to safeguard their information as well as their ass.
The Inside Job: Detecting, Preventing and Investigating Data Theft
Companies have enough to worry about from outsiders when it comes to cybersecurity. From stealthy hackers infiltrating their networks to criminal cyber-gangs stealing their data and government surveillance of their systems, security teams must be on their toes at all times. But the insider threat can be just as dangerous and sometimes harder to detect.
According to the 2015 Insider Threat Spotlight Report, 62 per cent of security professionals are seeing a rise in insider attacks. While many of these are malicious attacks, they can also be unintentional breaches. The consequences, no matter the motivation, can be equally devastating.
Information security threats
What is Information Security?
Information security means that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information assets is maintained.
Confidentiality: This means that information is only used by people who are authorized to access it.
Integrity: It ensures that information remains intact and unaltered. Any changes to the information through malicious action, natural disaster, or even a simple innocent mistake are tracked.
Availability: This means that the information is accessible when authorized users need it.
Information Security Threats:
Most common types of information security threats are:
Theft of confidential information by hacking
System sabotage by hackers
Phishing and other social engineering attacks
Virus, spyware and malware
Social Media-the fraud threat
Theft of Confidential Information:
One of the major threat to information security is the theft of confidential data by hacking. This includes theft of employee information or theft of trade secrets and other intellectual property (IP).
Theft of Employee Information
Employee information includes credit card information, corporate credit card information, social security number , address, etc. It also includes theft of healthcare records as they contain personal information such date of birth, address, and name of relatives.
Theft of Trade Secrets and other Intellectual Property (IP)
Technology from various verticals including IT, aerospace, and telecommunications are constantly stolen by outsiders or insiders (industrial espionage). China is a growing offender as it continues to advance in technology relying on theft of international trade secrets and IP.
Piracy/copyright infringement.
Corporate business strategies including marketing strategies, product introduction strategies.
System Sabotage:
What is system sabotage?
Planting malware on networks of target organization and generating an enormous amount of transaction activity resulting in malfunction or crash of the system.
Who would perpetrate it?
System sabotage is usually committed by disgruntled ex-employees and by remote cyber-attackers for no particular reason.
The most sensational case of system sabotage: One of the recent examples is the sabotage of Sony PlayStation.
Phishing:
To obtain confidential data about individuals-customers, clients, employees or vendors that can be used to commit various types of identity fraud such as:
Opening bank accounts in victim’s name
Applying for loans in victim’s name
Applying for credit cards in victim’s name
Obtaining medical services in victims name (e-death)
Other kind of more sophisticated social engineering attacks include spear-phishing.
Spear-phishing targets specific individuals such as AP manger, controller, senior accountant to gain access to corporate bank accounts and transfer funds abroad.
Other threats include:
Smishing: Phishing via SMS (texting)
Vishing: Phishing via voice (phone)
Mobile hackin
Yehia Mamdouh @ DTS Solution - The Gentleman Thief
This document provides an overview of social engineering and how to mitigate social engineering risks. It defines social engineering as manipulating people into taking actions or divulging information. Social engineering attacks are categorized as computer-based (e.g. phishing emails) or human-based (e.g. in-person interactions). The document outlines common social engineering techniques like pretexting, reverse social engineering, and exploiting human behaviors. It emphasizes that effective mitigation requires a layered approach including security policies, employee awareness training, and incident response plans to address the ongoing social engineering threat.
Social engineering: A Human Hacking Framework
This slide gives a brief description of social engineering, its classcification, attack environment and various impersonation scenario which will give the audinece a sound knowledge on social engineering technique.
A Review On Adapting Social Engineering Services—Aardwolf Security
To counter the threat of social engineering, Sprint Infinity offers a culture of security awareness. We implement multi-layered security measures for effective social engineering services and continuously adopt the best strategies.
https://aardwolfsecurity.com/security-testing/social-engineering-services/
Facts About Social Engineering Services - Aardwolf Security
Social Engineering Services are crucial to safeguard your personal information and organizational data. Hence, consult the experts of Aardwolf Security to get effective cybersecurity services. Check out more details by visiting our website.
https://aardwolfsecurity.com/security-testing/social-engineering-services/
Hacking the Helpdesk, Craig Clark
What is Social Engineering? What risk does it pose to your organisation and how can you protect the service desk from being attacked? Craig Clark explains.
Ethical Hacking
This document provides an overview of ethical hacking. It begins with an abstract that defines ethical hacking as assessing security vulnerabilities to improve protection. It then covers key topics like categories of hackers (white hat, black hat, grey hat), penetration testing, the methodology of an ethical hacker, and common hacking tools. The document emphasizes that ethical hacking tests systems with authorization to identify weaknesses before criminals can exploit them. It provides definitions and explanations of core concepts in ethical hacking to outline this growing field of security assessment.
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Overview
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Key Topics Covered
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VCU INFO 644 Critical Thinking 1
- 1. INFO 644 Enterprise Cyber Security Critical Thinking #1 Tyler Brunet VCU Department of Information Systems
- 2. What Will Be Covered Why security breaches happen How attacks happen What a social engineering attack is and how they happen An example of reverse social engineering How to protect from different breaches
- 3. Why Breaches Happen Individuals looking to „steal‟ corporate or private information Sell information to other companies Use the information to find out what industries are doing/working on Counterintelligence measures Gain a competitive advantage by duplicating a product and getting it to market before the initial company does Individuals hack for the fun of it
- 4. How Breaches Happen Most classic example will be illustrated later in presentation Someone giving out personal identifiers to the wrong person Phishing by means of fake emails and spoofed websites Reverse Social Engineering
- 5. How Social Engineering Attacks Happen Social engineering attacks The gaining of information from legitimate users for illegitimate access Dumpster diving – look for any information that can be used such as names, project leaders, meeting notes, etc. Pose as employees in order to get support from the Help Desk
- 6. Social Engineering Attack Techniques Physical attacks Require the social engineer to be at the company‟s location. Sorting through trash – most common form Consultant Network Engineer Repair Technician Psychological attacks Work to create an environment that will enable them to most easily acquire the necessary information Impersonation Conformity Being friendly Reverse social engineering
- 7. Reverse Social Engineering Example Attacker first learns about the organization as much as possible They then cause problem for a particular individual (HR, Manager etc.) Come in to fix the problem Give contact information to the targeted individual Week or so later causes same problem The targeted individual contacts the “attacker” who fixed it the first time and asks if they could fix it again “Attacker” says cannot get to the location today, but can do it now if the individual gives them a login username and password Individual complies and not the attacker has a legitimate login that they can get to anything that the individual may have access to
- 8. Technical and Social Vulnerabilities Technical Lack of security measures on servers Ports left open that should not be Weak password policies Redundancy in username and password use Social Weak means of who is in charge of what Trust in outsiders that could be possible hackers Passwords are written down and dishonest employees may take note of them
- 9. Preventing Security Breaches Develop policies that have social implications (4G methods) Develop policies that incorporate all methods (1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G) 1G – Checklist approach 2G – Flow of data Ex: Firewalls 3G – Interconnected devices 4G – Social implications Conduct random audits Social penetration tests Review of log files of webservers and other IT devices Training of employees on monthly, semi-yearly etc. on security policies and procedure
- 10. Questions to Think About What ways do business‟s control their information? Are there written security measures? Are these measures updated routinely? Are these practices conducted on a day-to-day level?