The assignment requires students to write a critical essay on one of four major political theories: liberalism, conservatism, marxism, or libertarianism, emphasizing both strengths and weaknesses of the chosen theory. Marxism, based on Karl Marx's ideas, advocates for equality and the communal ownership of production to liberate the working class from bourgeois exploitation, although historically it has led to unproductive citizens and stifled innovation. Students must consult at least three secondary sources and comply with specified formatting requirements for the essay.

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HZT4U c2, Philosophy: Questions and Theories, 12, University - Virtual High School (VHS)
Unit Assignment: Critical Essay ‐ Political Philosophy
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For this unit’s culminating activity you are
asked to write an essay on one of the four
major political theories discussed in this
unit (i.e., either liberalism, conservatism,
Marxism or libertarianism). Most
importantly, this essay must be critical
meaning that your main aim should be to
present both the strengths and
weaknesses of your particular chosen
theory so as to represent the theory
objectively. You may conclude the essay
by offering your opinion, however, this is
not necessary.
Marxism is a political philosophical theory based on the ideas of Karl
Marx. Marx was upset with the proletariat (working class) being
exploited by the upper class (bourgeois) by using harsh demanding
labour of the proletariat to increase the profits of the bourgeois
(Mastin, 2008). Hence, Marx wanted to have a society where the
welfare and needs of every citizen is satisfied to an equal degree.
Marx argued that the base of the society is economic needs, which
takes precedence over the superstructure of society (Mastin, 2008).
He asserted that in a capitalistic society, it would be inevitable for
one class to exploit another class purely for financial gains. Marx
viewed Marxism as liberation from an unfair society; he genuinely
supported the working class because they were being treated
unfairly by upper classes. Marx therefore envisioned a society where
every citizen was treated equally and the means of production was
communally owned.
However, every theory does have its strengths and weaknesses. The
strength of Marxism is that on paper it addresses every class,
liberates the lower classes from oppression, and ultimately delivers
true equality. The weaknesses are that the applications of it as we
have seen in history inevitably result in unproductive citizens, which
in turn, stagnate and corrupt innovation causing the dissolution of an
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In your essay you must consult at least 3
secondary sources and cite them
both within and at the end of your essay
in a proper referencing format.
The assignment should be 34 pages in
length, double spaced and in
Times New Roman font. You will be
graded on your ability to recognize
and explain both the strengths and
weaknesses of the theory, write in a
clear, purposeful and organized fashion
and properly cite all references.