1) Epidemics and pandemics typically follow 5 phases: infection peak, decline. COVID-19 has shown this pattern similarly to past viruses like H1N1 and Spanish Flu. 2) The exact causes of COVID-19 mutations and changing strains remain unknown despite research. Mathematical models of the virus's spread have often been inaccurate. 3) Potential causes of mutation include early use of antiviral drugs (inducing drug resistance), lockdowns, changing health policies and protocols, and cytokine reactions in the body.