could you draw uml diagram for this code from PIL import Image, ImageTk # used Python Imaging Library (PIL) modules import numpy as np # fundamental Python module for scientific computing import os # os module is used for file and directory operations # tkinter and its modules are used for creating a graphical user interface (gui) import tkinter as tk from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox # Declaration and initialization of the global variables used in this program # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # get the current directory where this program is placed current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) image_file_path = current_directory + '/thumbs_up.bmp' # default image # Main function where this program starts execution # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- def start(): # create a window for the graphical user interface (gui) gui = tk.Tk() # set the title of the window gui.title('Image Operations') # set the background color of the window gui['bg'] = 'SeaGreen1' # create and place a frame on the window with some padding for all four sides frame = tk.Frame(gui) # using the grid method for layout management frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 15, pady = 15) # set the background color of the frame frame['bg'] = 'DodgerBlue4' # read and display the default image which is a thumbs up emoji gui_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = image_file_path) gui_img_panel = tk.Label(frame, image = gui_img) # columnspan = 5 -> 5 columns as there are 5 buttons gui_img_panel.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 5, padx = 10, pady = 10) # create and place five buttons below the image (button commands are expressed # as lambda functions for enabling input arguments) # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- # the first button enables the user to open and view an image from a file btn1 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Open Image', width = 10) btn1['command'] = lambda:open_image(gui_img_panel) btn1.grid(row = 1, column = 0) # create and place the second button that shows the image in grayscale btn2 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Grayscale', bg = 'gray', width = 10) btn2.grid(row = 1, column = 1) btn2['command'] = lambda:display_in_grayscale(gui_img_panel) # create and place the third button that shows the red channel of the image btn3 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Red', bg = 'red', width = 10) btn3.grid(row = 1, column = 2) btn3['command'] = lambda:display_color_channel(gui_img_panel, 'red') # create and place the third button that shows the green channel of the image btn4 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Green', bg = 'SpringGreen2', width = 10) btn4.grid(row = 1, column = 3) btn4['command'] = lambda:display_color_channel(gui_img_panel, 'green') # create and place the third button that shows the blue channel of the image btn5 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Blue', bg = 'DodgerBlue2', width = 10) btn5.grid(row = 1, column = 4) btn5['command'.

1. could you draw uml diagram for this code
from PIL import Image, ImageTk # used Python Imaging Library (PIL) modules
import numpy as np # fundamental Python module for scientific computing
import os # os module is used for file and directory operations
# tkinter and its modules are used for creating a graphical user interface (gui)
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
# Declaration and initialization of the global variables used in this program
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# get the current directory where this program is placed
current_directory = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
image_file_path = current_directory + '/thumbs_up.bmp' # default image
# Main function where this program starts execution
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def start():
# create a window for the graphical user interface (gui)
gui = tk.Tk()
# set the title of the window
gui.title('Image Operations')
# set the background color of the window
gui['bg'] = 'SeaGreen1'
# create and place a frame on the window with some padding for all four sides
frame = tk.Frame(gui)
# using the grid method for layout management
frame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, padx = 15, pady = 15)
# set the background color of the frame
frame['bg'] = 'DodgerBlue4'
# read and display the default image which is a thumbs up emoji
gui_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = image_file_path)
gui_img_panel = tk.Label(frame, image = gui_img)
# columnspan = 5 -> 5 columns as there are 5 buttons
gui_img_panel.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 5, padx = 10, pady = 10)
# create and place five buttons below the image (button commands are expressed

2. # as lambda functions for enabling input arguments)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# the first button enables the user to open and view an image from a file
btn1 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Open Image', width = 10)
btn1['command'] = lambda:open_image(gui_img_panel)
btn1.grid(row = 1, column = 0)
# create and place the second button that shows the image in grayscale
btn2 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Grayscale', bg = 'gray', width = 10)
btn2.grid(row = 1, column = 1)
btn2['command'] = lambda:display_in_grayscale(gui_img_panel)
# create and place the third button that shows the red channel of the image
btn3 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Red', bg = 'red', width = 10)
btn3.grid(row = 1, column = 2)
btn3['command'] = lambda:display_color_channel(gui_img_panel, 'red')
# create and place the third button that shows the green channel of the image
btn4 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Green', bg = 'SpringGreen2', width = 10)
btn4.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
btn4['command'] = lambda:display_color_channel(gui_img_panel, 'green')
# create and place the third button that shows the blue channel of the image
btn5 = tk.Button(frame, text = 'Blue', bg = 'DodgerBlue2', width = 10)
btn5.grid(row = 1, column = 4)
btn5['command'] = lambda:display_color_channel(gui_img_panel, 'blue')
# wait for a gui event to occur and process each event that has occurred
gui.mainloop()
# Function for opening an image from a file
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def open_image(image_panel):
global image_file_path # to modify the global variable image_file_path
# get the path of the image file selected by the user
file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename(initialdir = current_directory,
title = 'Select an image file',
filetypes = [('png files', '*.png'),
('bmp files', '*.bmp')])
# display an warning message when the user does not select an image file
if file_path == '':

3. messagebox.showinfo('Warning', 'No image file is selected/opened.')
# otherwise modify the global variable image_file_path and the displayed image
else:
image_file_path = file_path
img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(file = image_file_path)
image_panel.config(image = img)
image_panel.photo_ref = img
# Function for displaying the current image in grayscale
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def display_in_grayscale(image_panel):
# open the current image as a PIL image
img_rgb = Image.open(image_file_path)
# convert the image to grayscale (img_grayscale has only one color channel
# whereas img_rgb has 3 color channels as red, green and blue)
img_grayscale = img_rgb.convert('L')
print('nFor the color image')
print('----------------------------------------------------------------------')
width, height = img_rgb.size
print('the width in pixels:', width, 'and the height in pixels:', height)
img_rgb_array = pil_to_np(img_rgb)
print('the dimensions of the image array:', img_rgb_array.shape)
print('nFor the grayscale image')
print('----------------------------------------------------------------------')
width, height = img_grayscale.size
print('the width in pixels:', width, 'and the height in pixels:', height)
img_grayscale_array = pil_to_np(img_grayscale)
print('the dimensions of the image array:', img_grayscale_array.shape)
# modify the displayed image
img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image = img_grayscale)
image_panel.config(image = img)
image_panel.photo_ref = img
# Function for displaying a given color channel of the current image
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def display_color_channel(image_panel, channel):

4. # red channel -> 0, green channel -> 1 and blue channel -> 2
if channel == 'red':
channel_index = 0
elif channel == 'green':
channel_index = 1
else:
channel_index = 2
# open the current image as a PIL image
img_rgb = Image.open(image_file_path)
# convert the current image to a numpy array
image_array = pil_to_np(img_rgb)
# traverse all the pixels in the image array
n_rows = image_array.shape[0]
n_cols = image_array.shape[1]
for row in range(n_rows):
for col in range(n_cols):
# make all the values 0 for the color channels except the given channel
for rgb in range(3):
if (rgb != channel_index):
image_array[row][col][rgb] = 0
# convert the modified image array (numpy) to a PIL image
pil_img = np_to_pil(image_array)
# modify the displayed image
img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image = pil_img)
image_panel.config(image = img)
image_panel.photo_ref = img
# Function that converts a given PIL image to a numpy array and returns the array
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def pil_to_np(img):
img_array = np.array(img)
return img_array
# Function that converts a given numpy array to a PIL image and returns the image
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def np_to_pil(img_array):

5. img = Image.fromarray(np.uint8(img_array))
return img
# start() function is specified as the entry point (main function) where this
# program starts execution
if __name__== '__main__':
start()