The document discusses the core-periphery model in South Korea, illustrating the economic, political, and social disparities between core areas and peripheral regions. It examines the reasons for South Korea's economic advancement compared to its regional peers, emphasizing the role of government policies and historical development strategies. Additionally, it provides maps that visually represent these core-periphery relationships and concludes with observations on future threats and opportunities for both areas.

1. Core-peripheries in South Korea
Author’s name
Institutional affiliation
Core-peripheries in South Korea
Introduction
By definition, core-periphery is a concept that was
postulated by Friedman in the year 1966 and other scholars
which primarily describes and explains uneven development
process whereby primary core areas of the country hold
educational, economic, political, social power and source their
primary raw materials from the periphery (In Westwood, 2014).
Additionally, peripheral areas depend on the livelihood of the
core areas which in most cases have weaker political influence,
lower economies, lower educational levels, and lower
innovation rates. Most of the Asian countries are peripheral
countries excluding South Korea and Japan. In south-Korea for

2. instance, the demilitarized zone that exists between the South
and North Korea represent the physical division between the
periphery and the core (In Westwood, 2014). This report will,
therefore, describe and identify different maps that depict core-
peripheral regions in South Korea and across the continent, it
will show country maps that are showing the separation and
relationship between core-periphery areas in South Korea, it
will discuss the reason the core areas have succeeded and the
justification of the country maps that were selected.
Justification of a countries map
This map was chosen because of its depiction of the
South Korean economic progression from a peripheral agrarian
economy. In other words, it characterizes the modern world
economy that is fundamentally characterized by the disparities
that exist in the periphery and the core areas in South Korea the
capitalism (In Westwood, 2014). In simple terms, the way this
map was drawn clearly typifies the division of labor existing
between the semi-periphery and the core states as well as the
endless accumulation of capital between the core-periphery
areas in South Korea (In Westwood, 2014). Additionally, the
degree of profitability as far as the production process is
concerned apparently makes up the difference that exists
between the core, periphery, and semi-periphery areas. In this
case, the core areas of South Korea features practical and
advanced economic activities such that their production
processes are controlled by quasi-monopolies which make them
more competitive (In Westwood, 2014). Moreover, semi-
peripheral areas are in most cases economically mixed.
According to some scholars, it is clear that, in a system that is
attributed to endless capital accumulation and division of labor,
the result is basically to exchange of products and goods in
unequal proportion where peripheral states and areas exchange
faulty products.
Discussion
In South Korea as compared to other Asian countries,

3. there were no cases of collusion. For example, in government
relations that occurred with the conglomerates business of
Cheobols, what is commonly known as a statist developmental
paradigm was employed as an essential element of the South
Korean business relations (Clark & Indiana University,
Bloomington 2007). In other words, during its developmental
stage, the state macroeconomic policy worked to the benefit of
national businesses while on the other hand the economic
benefits remained confined within the borders of South Korea.
Other Asian countries, therefore, acted as the main source of
raw materials for South Korea (In Westwood, 2014).
Additionally, the state of South Korea imposed strict and
adequate nationalistic policies that were free from in
nationalistic influences such that it exercised control on the
flow of the investment funds to effectively pursue national
economic priorities that are conducive to economic development
as compared to countries like Egypt (Clark & Indiana
University, Bloomington 2007). As a result, South Korea
established an incentivized core or semi like production
processes that up to date have brought it among the core
countries of the world as compared to its neighboring Asian
countries that were hampered by corruption and inadequate
government structures.
South Korea is an example of a state that has moved
down and up in a hierarchical system. Additionally, this can be
attributed to the fact that coupling exogenous factors and
controls on the international investment and global market
interactions, as well as endogenous factors, have collaborated in
moving its economy to the next level (In Westwood, 2014). One
striking significance in this feature is that, immediately after
the former president of South Korea, Park Chung-hee took the
presidential throne in the year 1961; South Korea started
realizing economic improvement. In other words, his
presidential regime implemented a five-year economic
development strategies that were mainly designed to take
advantage of the comparative economic benefits. Additionally,

4. the Republic of South Korea concentrated on the export-
oriented policy industrialization as well as the expansion of
primary economic sectors and the private sectors promotion
(Clark & Indiana University, Bloomington 2007). The economic
policy that was postulated in 1960 shifted to the concentration
of chemicals and heavy industries in the year 1970 which later
changed to focusing on social welfare, promotion of private
investors and stabilization of primary industries in the year
1980s.
The-core peripheral process in South Korea can be
attributed to the state which in one way or the other was able to
craft sound, efficient, as well as consistent economies and
implement them effectively. However, those core areas that are
characterized by the low economic regime and weak economic
levels were hampered by corruption and collusion with some
group of individuals who aimed for personal experience at the
expense of the countries growth.
Additionally, peripheral areas depend on the livelihood
of the core areas which in most cases have weaker political
influence, lower economies, lower educational levels, and lower
innovation rates. Most of the Asian countries are peripheral
countries excluding South Korea and Japan. In south-Korea for
instance, the demilitarized zone that exists between the South
and North Korea represent the physical division between the
periphery and the core.
Conclusion
South Korea as compared to other Asian countries has
well-established economic structures and political strengths. In
other words, while other core countries that are acting as a
source of raw materials are struggling with corruption and
inadequate government structures, South Korea is continuing to
enjoy the benefits of being a peripheral country. Additionally,
the Republic of South Korea as compared to other Asian
continent countries excluding Japan concentrated on the export-
oriented policy industrialization as well as the expansion of
primary economic sectors and the private sectors promotion. In

5. this case, during its developmental stage, the state
macroeconomic policy worked to the benefit of national
businesses while on the other hand the economic benefits
remained confined within the borders of South Korea making
other neighboring countries remain core countries regarding
production and manufacturing processes. Additionally, the
neighboring Asian countries excluding Japan are an example of
core countries that South Korea depends on for economic and
political upheaval. Moreover, semi-peripheral areas are in most
cases economically mixed. According to some scholars, it is
clear that, in a system that is attributed to endless capital
accumulation and division of labor, the result is basically to
exchange of products and goods in unequal proportion where
peripheral states and areas exchange faulty products.
References
Clark, R., & Indiana University, Bloomington.
(2007). Integration, mobility, and development: International
trade and organization networks, 1980--2000. (Dissertation
Abstracts International, 68-7.) Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana
University.
In Westwood, R. (2014). Core-periphery relations and
organization studies. New York: Pilgrimage

6. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality,
logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing
skills, using the following rubric.
Points: 330 Assignment 2: Challenges in the Global Business
Environment
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum
Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
Part 1: Video Presentation OR Paper

7. 1. List specific
changes that
Apple has made
to its Code of
Conduct in
recent years.
Provide at least
one (1) example
of each change.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit
or incompletely
listed specific
changes that
Apple has
made to its
Code of
Conduct in
recent years.
Did not submit
or incompletely
provided at
least one (1)
example of
each change.
Insufficiently
listed specific
changes that
Apple has
made to its
Code of
Conduct in
recent years.

8. Insufficiently
provided at
least one (1)
example of
each change.
Partially listed specific
changes that Apple has
made to its Code of
Conduct in recent years.
Partially provided at
least one (1) example of
each change.
Satisfactorily
listed specific
changes that
Apple has
made to its
Code of
Conduct in
recent years.
Satisfactorily
provided at
least one (1)
example of
each change.
Thoroughly
listed specific
changes that
Apple has
made to its
Code of
Conduct in
recent years.

9. Thoroughly
provided at
least one (1)
example of
each change.
2. Explain the
identified
changes to the
suppliers in
such a way that
they will
understand the
standards that
Apple requires
in order to
maintain their
relationship with
the company.
Weight: 15%
Did not submit
or incompletely
explained the
identified
changes to the
suppliers in
such a way that
they will
understand the
standards that
Apple requires
in order to
maintain their
relationship

10. with the
company.
Insufficiently
explained the
identified
changes to the
suppliers in
such a way that
they will
understand the
standards that
Apple requires
in order to
maintain their
relationship
with the
company.
Partially explained the
identified changes to the
suppliers in such a way
that they will understand
the standards that Apple
requires in order to
maintain their
relationship with the
company.
Satisfactorily
explained the
identified
changes to the
suppliers in
such a way that
they will

11. understand the
standards that
Apple requires
in order to
maintain their
relationship
with the
company.
Thoroughly
explained the
identified
changes to the
suppliers in
such a way that
they will
understand the
standards that
Apple requires
in order to
maintain their
relationship
with the
company.
Part 2: PowerPoint Presentation
3. Summarize
Apple’s Supplier
Responsibility
information.
Weight: 5%
Did not submit
or incompletely

12. summarized
Apple’s
Supplier
Responsibility
information.
Insufficiently
summarized
Apple’s
Supplier
Responsibility
information.
Partially summarized
Apple’s Supplier
Responsibility
information.
Satisfactorily
summarized
Apple’s
Supplier
Responsibility
information.
Thoroughly
summarized
Apple’s
Supplier
Responsibility
information.
4. Discuss
Apple’s stance

13. on each of the
following areas:
a. Empowering
workers
b. Labor and
Human Rights
c. Health and
Safety
d. The
Environment
e.
Accountability
Weight: 15%
Did not submit
or incompletely
discussed
Apple’s stance
on each of the
following areas:
a. Empowering
workers
b. Labor and
Human Rights
c. Health and
Safety

14. d. The
Environment
e.
Accountability
Insufficiently
discussed
Apple’s stance
on each of the
following areas:
a. Empowering
workers
b. Labor and
Human Rights
c. Health and
Safety
d. The
Environment
e.
Accountability
Partially discussed
Apple’s stance on each
of the following areas:
a. Empowering workers
b. Labor and Human
Rights

15. c. Health and Safety
d. The Environment
e. Accountability
Satisfactorily
discussed
Apple’s stance
on each of the
following areas:
a. Empowering
workers
b. Labor and
Human Rights
c. Health and
Safety
d. The
Environment
e.
Accountability
Thoroughly
discussed
Apple’s stance
on each of the
following areas:
a. Empowering
workers

16. b. Labor and
Human Rights
c. Health and
Safety
d. The
Environment
e.
Accountability
5. Identify the
key ways that
Apple’s
Progress
Report has
changed since
last year.
Weight: 10%
Did not submit
or incompletely
identified the
key ways that
Apple’s
Progress
Report has
changed since
last year.
Insufficiently
identified the
key ways that
Apple’s

17. Progress
Report has
changed since
last year.
Partially identified the
key ways that Apple’s
Progress Report has
changed since last year.
Satisfactorily
identified the
key ways that
Apple’s
Progress
Report has
changed since
last year.
Thoroughly
identified the
key ways that
Apple’s
Progress
Report has
changed since
last year.
6. Examine the
manner in
which Apple’s
Supplier Code
of Conduct
helps the
organization
operate as a

18. socially
responsible
organization.
Weight: 10%
Did not submit
or incompletely
examined the
manner in
which Apple’s
Supplier Code
of Conduct
helps the
organization
operate as a
socially
responsible
organization.
Insufficiently
examined the
manner in
which Apple’s
Supplier Code
of Conduct
helps the
organization
operate as a
socially
responsible
organization.
Partially examined the
manner in which Apple’s
Supplier Code of

19. Conduct helps the
organization operate as
a socially responsible
organization.
Satisfactorily
examined the
manner in
which Apple’s
Supplier Code
of Conduct
helps the
organization
operate as a
socially
responsible
organization.
Thoroughly
examined the
manner in
which Apple’s
Supplier Code
of Conduct
helps the
organization
operate as a
socially
responsible
organization.
7. Provide
detailed
speaker notes
of what you
would say if you

20. were delivering
the
presentation.
Weight: 10%
Did not submit
or incompletely
provided
detailed
speaker notes
of what you
would say if
you were
delivering the
presentation.
Insufficiently
provided
detailed
speaker notes
of what you
would say if
you were
delivering the
presentation.
Partially provided
detailed speaker notes
of what you would say if
you were delivering the
presentation.
Satisfactorily
provided
detailed

21. speaker notes
of what you
would say if
you were
delivering the
presentation.
Thoroughly,
provided
detailed
speaker notes
of what you
would say if
you were
delivering the
presentation.
8. Writing
Mechanics,
Grammar, and
Formatting /
Oral
Communication.
Clarity and
Coherence of
Writing /
Presentation
Weight: 10%
Serious and
persistent
errors in
grammar,

22. spelling,
punctuation, or
formatting / oral
communication.
Information is
confusing to the
reader and fails
to include
reasons and
evidence that
logically
support ideas.
Numerous
errors in
grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation, or
formatting / oral
communication.
Information is
somewhat
confusing with
not enough
reasons and
evidence that
logically
support ideas.
Partially free of errors in
grammar, spelling,
punctuation, or
formatting / oral
communication.

23. Information is partially
clear with minimal
reasons and evidence
that logically support
ideas.
Mostly free of
errors in
grammar,
spelling,
punctuation, or
formatting / oral
communication.
Information is
mostly clear
and generally
supported with
reasons and
evidence that
logically
support ideas.
Error free or
almost error
free grammar,
spelling,
punctuation, or
formatting / oral
communication.
Information is
provided in a
clear, coherent,
and consistent
manner with
reasons and

24. evidence that
logically
support ideas.
9. Appropriate
use of APA in-
text citations
and 2
reference
provided
Weight: 10%
Lack of in-text
citations and /
or lack of
reference
section.
In-text
citations and
references are
given, but not
in APA format.
Does not meet
the required
number of
references,
and / or
references are
of poor quality.
In-text citations and
references are provided,
but they are only
partially formatted

25. correctly in APA style.
Meets the required
number of references;
some or all references
poor quality choices.
Most in-text
citations and
references are
provided, and
they are
generally
formatted
correctly in APA
style. Meets
number of
required
references; all
references high
quality choices.
In-text citations
and references
are error free or
almost error
free and
consistently
formatted
correctly in APA
style. Exceeds
number of
required
references; all
references high
quality choices.

26. Description
In this assignment you will be learning about core and periphery
relationships and applying
your knowledge to an Asian-Pacific Rim nation of your choice.
Core-periphery: is a concept discussed by Friedmann (1966) and
others which describes an uneven development process whereby
core areas hold economic, educational, political, and social
power and source raw materials from the periphery. Peripheral
areas are dependent on the core and typically have weaker
economies and political influence, lower educational levels, and
lower rates of innovation.
Use maps and other sources to define core and periphery areas
within South Korea. Finally,
you will be explaining why the particular core and periphery
areas have developed, and any
threats or opportunities for these regions looking into the
future.
Preparation
Please begin by reading about Asian core and periphery
relationships on pages 20-21 and 86-94 in your course text
(Weightman, 2011). You should also scan the sections of the
text related to your country for relevant information. Next, start
exploring maps for your country on the below listed websites.
You will be selecting and describing 5 maps that justify your
definitions of core and periphery areas in your country.
South Korea The National Atlas of Korea, 2014
http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/national?lang=eng&page_name=I
ndex&page_no=eng-index
Report Contents
You will be writing a report which should include the following
elements.
1) Introduction outlining the core-periphery model, briefly
introducing your country and listing the topics covered in your
report.
2) Map Observation of 5 different maps which you will identify

27. (names, dates, and weblinks), and describe in writing (text
only). You can source the maps from the listed site for your
country, but you may also employ maps from other The
Geography of the Asian-Pacific Rim Core & Periphery Project
sources. The maps need to justify the core and periphery
boundaries that you delimit on the Country Map (see next). You
do not need to include the 5 maps in the report. If at all
possible, please refer to maps that are based on percentages or
proportions, rather than straight numbers. Also, the date that
each map was created is important as it may influence your
conclusions. Make sure the maps are different from each other.
For example, if you are including a map showing percentage of
children, avoid also using a map of percentage of elderly, as
likely the same conclusion could be drawn from both maps since
they are both depicting age as the variable.
3) Country Map(s) showing boundaries of your core and
periphery area(s). Please choose (a) map(s) that suit(s) your
purposes. You can use a graphics package to create your
boundaries electronically, or you can mark up a hard-copy map
(which you should scan to include in your report – see the
library for details on how to use the photocopiers as scanners).
The map should be clear and easy to read and should include a
legend and a title. Each student’s map must be created/drawn
individually and must not be an exact copy of any other
student’s map.
4) Justification of Country Map(s) provides an argument for the
boundaries you selected including explicit references to any
external sources (including the course text) that aided in this
decision. You should refer back to the Map Observations (see
#2) above to support your boundaries. Clearly define what core
and periphery mean in relation to your maps.
5) Discussion of reasons why the core areas have succeeded (for
example, government investment, historical inertia, etc.), and
why the peripheral areas have lagged in development. Also,
what threats and opportunities do you observe for both the core
and periphery areas? Are there any existing or upcoming

28. government programs that invest in either the core or periphery
regions? And, how do you expect these core and periphery areas
to evolve over the next 30 years?
6) Conclusion.
_____________________________________________________
_________________________
Prepare a report is 5 pages in length maximum, in 12pt font, and
double spaced (**title page, reference page, & maps are not
included in the page limit). Your submission will be graded on
the pertinence of the maps you select to the core periphery
model and a robust justification of your core-periphery map
boundaries. The justification (#4) and discussion (#5) are
important sections of the report. In the discussion, you will be
explaining the underlying reasons for the core-periphery
relationships, and evaluating their future prospects.
Organization, spelling and grammar, and formatting (cover
page, page numbers) will also be considered in the grading of
the assignment. Please include full references in APA format
for any sources used.
Four Edges of Korea
http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/national?lang=eng&page_name=T
erritory&page_no=Territory_one1&Territory1
Write one paragraph illustrate the boundaries, and how can i t
can be beneficial.
Urbanization in South Korea
http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/national?lang=eng&page_name=T
ransformation&page_no=Transformation_one4&Transformation
1
Add Numbers and Indicate the 4 larger cities

29. Regional Development Pattern in Korea: Population Aspect
http://nationalatlas.ngii.go.kr/national?lang=eng&page_name=T
ransformation&page_no=Transformation_three2&Transformatio
n3
Population density
Find map that shows Core & Periphery Regions
Find map show Transportation