The document discusses the cooperative principle in conversations. It states that speakers and listeners generally cooperate with each other by telling the truth. It defines implicature as meaning assumed to maintain cooperation. Tautologies seem meaningless but express obvious ideas. The cooperative principle assumes participants contribute appropriately at the right time. It consists of four maxims: quantity about informativeness, quality about truthfulness, relation about relevance, and manner about clarity. Hedges are cautious expressions about accuracy.

1. COOPERATIVE
Written by
Dedih
Uspan Sayuti

2. COOPERATIVE
Talking

3. Cooperative
• We usually assumed that speakers and
listeners involved in a conversation are
generally cooperating with each other.
• The sense of cooperation is simply one in
which people having a conversation are
normally saying the truth.

4. TAUTOLOGIES:
• The speaker intends to communicate
something, and it is more than just what
the word means. An apparently
meaningless expression in which one word
is defined as itself. It seems it doesn’t have
communicative value since it expresses
something completely obvious.

5. • Hamburger is hamburger or business
is business
Means; Hamburger is a sandwich
made with a patty of ground meat
usually in a roll or bun

6. IMPLICATURE:
• A meaning that has to be assumed in
order to maintain the cooperative
principle. People involve in a
conversation will cooperate with
each other.

7. • Instance
– Hamburger is hamburger
The speaker thinks all
hamburgers are the same.

8. COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE
• It is a basic assumption in
conversation that each participant
will attempt to contribute
appropriately, at the required time,
to the current exchange of talk.
• Maxims: quantity, quality, relation,
manner.

10. MAXIMS
A principle proposed by the philosopher Paul
Grice whereby those involved in
communication assume that both parties will
normally seek to cooperate with each other to
establish agreed meaning. It is composed of
four maxims: quality, quantity, relation, and
manner.

11. Quantity:
Make your contribution as informative
as is required. One of the maxims in
which the speaker has to be neither
more or less informative than is
necessary.

12. Quality:
Try to make your contribution one that
is true. One of the maxims, in which
the speaker has to be truthful.

13. Relation:
Be relevant. One of the maxims in which
the speaker has to be relevant.
( relating to the thing that is being
discussed).

14. Manner:
One of the maxims in which the
speaker has to be clear, brief, and
orderly.

15. HEDGES:
“cautious notes” Expressions that
we use to indicate that what we
are saying may not be totally
accurate.

16. • Instance
• As far as I know , They’re
married

17. THANK YOU