Conus Medullaris syndrome (CMS) majorly arises from a spectrum of clinico-pathologic entities representing dysfunction of the lowest level of the spinal cord termed the Conus Medullaris, which consists of the sacral segments. There is a subset of spinal cord injuries clinically referred to as spinal cord injury syndromes, to which Conus Medullaris syndrome belongs, that are grouped by their respective symptomatology, encompassing central cord syndrome [2].

1. Conus Medullaris
BY
Dr. S.SREEREMYA
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY

2. • Conus Medullaris syndrome (CMS) majorly arises
from a spectrum of clinico-pathologic entities
representing dysfunction of the lowest level of
the spinal cord termed the Conus Medullaris,
which consists of the sacral segments. There is a
subset of spinal cord injuries clinically referred to
as spinal cord injury syndromes, to which Conus
Medullaris syndrome belongs, that are grouped
by their respective symptomatology,
encompassing central cord syndrome [2].

3. • , Brown-Sequard syndrome, anterior cord
syndrome, posterior cord syndrome, and caudae
quina syndrome [1]. While CMS is associated with
pathophysiologic disruption isolated to the Conus
Medullaris, it may also be associated with a
widespread spinal cord process which includes
the Conus Medullaris, which paves to the
generalized syndromic symptoms. As per
anatomy it is an illness characterized by both
upper motor and lower motor neuron signs and
symptoms that manifest in the perineal region
and lower extremities

5. • ARTICULATED ANOMALIES
• Conus Medullaris Syndrome
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Brain Injury
• Conus Medullaris Syndrome
• The Conus Medullaris is the bundled, tapered end of the spinal cord nerves (Fig: 1). Situated specific near the first
two lumbar vertebrae, the Conus Medullaris much specifically ends at the caudaequina, a bundle of spinal nerves
and nerve roots. Gradually, problems with the Conus Medullaris often affect the cauda equina. Conus Medullaris
syndrome is a secondary form of spinal cord damage resulting from injuries to the lumber vertebrae [3]. Conus
Medullaris syndrome is a type of incomplete spinal cord injury that isvery less likely to cause paralysis than many
other types of spinal cord injuries. Instead, the most usual symptomsinclude [4]
• Severe back pain
• Strange or jarring sensations typically in the back, such as buzzing, tingling, or numbness
• Bowel and bladder dysfunction, such as difficulty controlling once elimination functions
• Sexual dysfunction
• Weakness, numbness, or tingling in your lower limbs
• Sensations in once lower limbs that aren't caused by a clinical issue. For instance, you might have itchiness in
your leg that is not well-explained by an allergic reaction or other issue.

6. • MAJOR CAUSES OF CONUS MEDULLARIS SYNDROME
• Conus Medullaris syndrome isn't a disease in its own right sense,
but rather it is the product of a spinal trauma. In most cases, a blow
to the back—such as from a car accident or gunshot—is to blame.
But some diseases, mainly spinal cord infections, malformations of
the spinal column due to spinal stenosis, and spinal tumors can also
cause the syndrome.
• Conus Medullaris syndrome manifest symptoms that are much
similar to cauda equina syndrome, but the two conditions require
different treatment. Conus Medullaris typically generates sudden
symptoms on both sides of the body, while cauda equina syndrome
usually develops over time, synthesizing uneven symptoms
concentrated on one side of the body.

7. • Some other criteria that can help you and your care team differentiate one from the other include
[5]
• Cauda equina specifically causes severe pain, while Conus Medullaris results in mild to moderate
pain, if any pain at all is present.
• Conus Medullaris can be mainly caused by an injury, lesion, or infection, while cauda equina is
almost always caused by a lesion or infection.
• Cauda equina may eliminate the patellar and Achilles reflexes, while Conus Medullaris typically
only interferes with the Achilles reflex.
• Conus Medullaris is more likely than cauda equina to result in pain concentrated in the lower
back.
• Impotence is much common with Conus Medullaris than cauda equina.
• TREATMENT FOR CONUS MEDULLARIS SYNDROME
• To diagnose one with Conus Medullaris syndrome, your doctor may conduct MRI imaging of your
lower back and spine. Treatment varies, and depends on the cause of the injury as well as its
extent.
• Spinal decompression surgery often aids, and if a physical impediment to function remains—such
as a tumor or the remnants of a bullet—your doctor may remove these to restore spinal function.
Radiation may help if your symptoms are due to cancer. And if an infectionis caused by the
symptoms, or injury is so severe it led to an infection, you may need intravenous or oral antibiotics.
One will likely also need physical therapy to regain function

8. • Research & Review: Management of
Cardiovascular and Orthopedic Complications,
Conus Medullaris, S. Sreeremya,
2018.Vol1(1):1-7