The document discusses how controversial issues are an important part of society due to increasing diversity. It focuses on exploring debates around death and violence in schools, as these are issues the author has encountered. The emphasis will be on using children's fiction to understand these topics rather than non-fiction texts, as fiction allows vicarious experiences that build understanding and empathy. Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development support the idea that encountering new experiences through social interaction and life experiences impacts children's linguistic, cognitive, social, and emotional development.