useful

1. UNIT - 1
SYSTEMS AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS

2. Content:
Basic elements in control systems - open
loop & closed loop - Transfer functions
of mechanical, electrical, thermal and
analogous systems -Block diagram
reduction - and signal flow graphs -
Control System Components: Synchros -
DC Servo motor-AC Servo motor.

3. • In this unit we are going to study basically what is
meant by control system and its basic two types like
open and closed loop control systems; basic function
of the same to get the desired output for any
applications
• To represent the applications transfer functions of
electrical, mechanical, thermal, analogous systems
• Transfer function
– It is the information of any system in mathematical format
which is relating the input and output of the system by
considering the system’s initial state as zero
– From the transfer function only we can able to obtain the
output response of any system by giving known value as an
input

4. • Signal flow graph
– It is the graphical representations of any system; by
using mason gain formula we can get the overall
transfer function for any applications
• Block diagram reduction
– This method is similar to Signal flow graph but instead
of representing a process in a graphical format it is
represented in the form of blocks
• Control System Components
– In this how the control system components like
controller, actuator, plant and measurement devices
are carried out for an application by using synchros,
DC and AC servomotors

5. UNIT - 2
TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

6. Content:
Time response –Time domain specifications –
Types of test inputs –I and II order system
response–Steady state error, error constants,
generalized error coefficient – Root locus
construction - Introduction to P, PI, PID
controllers- Effects of P, PI, PID modes of feed
back control

7. • In this unit the performance quality of the various
system are analyzed by using the time domain as the
platform for their analysis (i.e speed of response)
• For the different pointed position of the response
graph of the system there are special representations
or given which is called as “TIME DOMAIN
SPECIFICATIONS”
– Delay time
– rise time
– peak time
– peak overshoot
– settling time

8. • Types of test inputs
–Basically there are some standard form
signals are available for the system to
energize and produce the output
correspondingly and it also represented in the
form of mathematical
–The types of test inputs are
• Step signal
• Ramp signal
• Parabolic signal
• Impulse signal

9. • I and II order system response
–Usually the system functions are represented
in the form of differential equations power of
a laplace transform of the equations are
representing as the order of the system
• Usually first order system are the basic
system representation which have no
oscillation but poor speed of response
• second order system has some oscillation
but its speed of response to achieve
desired output is good and it will also
achieve steady state

10. • Steady state error, error constants, generalized
error coefficient:
– Steady state error is defined as the error occurs at
the steady state response or stable response of the
system
– error constants are the value which representing
deviation of the error value for the standard and
non standard form of signals
• Standard signals
– For step signals – Kp
– For ramp signals – Kv
– For Parabolic signals – Ka
• Non standard signals
– C0, C1, C2….. Cn are the error constants

11. • Root locus construction
–It is a graphical techniques which is
used to expose pracatically about the
dynamic behavior of the poles and
zeros of the transfer function (i.e how
a system moves from stable to
unstable status of the system by
varying some constants in the equation

12. • Introduction to P, PI, PID controllers
This topic will give the overall view
about what is meant by a controller, what is
the input for the controller and how it
produce the impact on the feedback control
systems. The impact can be analyzed in the
time domain specification format

13. UNIT - 3
FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND
DESIGN

14. Content:
Frequency Response - Bode plot -Polar plot
-Nyquist stability criterion. Correlation
between frequency domain and time
domain specifications.

15. • Frequency response
– Frequency response of any system is very much
important to check the stability property of any
system

17. STABILITY AND COMPENSATOR DESIGN
UNIT - 4

18. Content:
Stability - Concept and definition,
Characteristic equation – Location of poles –
Routh Hurwitz criterion Design of lag, lead,
lag - lead series networks Lag/Lead
compensator design using bode plots

19. UNIT - 5
STATE-SPACE ANALYSIS

20. Content:
State equation – Solutions – Realization –
Controllability – Observability – State space
to transfer function conversion –Pole
placement.