The document discusses several prominent Muslim scholars from the Islamic Golden Age including: - Ibn al-Haytham, an Iraqi mathematician, astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the theories of vision and optics. - Ibn Khaldun, an Arab sociologist, philosopher and historian who developed theories of taxation and argued for the importance of education in maintaining societal achievements. - Al-Khwarizmi, a Persian polymath known for his influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography and for introducing algebra to the world. - Al-Biruni, an Iranian scholar considered the founder of Indology and modern geodesy who made important contributions to geography by measuring the earth and distances on

3. He was a great mathematician ,
astronomer , and physicist of
the Islamic Golden age from
present day Iraq.
Ibn al-Haytham was the first to
correctly explain the theory of
vision, and to argue that vision
occurs in the brain, pointing to
observations that it is subjective
and affected by personal
experience.
 Reflection helps in medical
diagnosis and optical
communications.
 Using the law of reflection
for sound and light, we
can measure the
distances accurately to
objects.
 Reflection is the reason
why we hear the echo of
sound.

4.  He was an Arab
sociologist, philosopher,
and historian widely
acknowledged to be one of
the greatest social
scientists of the Middle
age.
He wrote in six months as
he states in his
autobiography
 He developed a theory of
taxation which has affected
modern economic thought.
 Ibn Khaldun argued that
without the strong
establishment of an
educational tradition, it
would be very difficult for the
new generations to maintain
the achievements of the
earlier generations.

5. He was a polymath who is
regarded as one of the most
significant physician,
astronomer, philosophers, and
writers of the Islamic Golden
Age.
 His most famous works are
The Book of Heeling , a
philosophical and scientific
encyclopedia,
 Ibn-Sina introduced very
advanced drug designing
based on drug delivery,
targeting the organ,
deposition in the site of
action, pain control, wound
healing, clearance after
action, and supporting the
organ.

6. Al-Khwarizmi was a
Persian polymath from
Khwarazam who
produced vastly
influential works in
mathematics,
astronomy, and
geography.
 He assisted a project to
determine the circumference
of the Earth and in making a
world map.
 His systematic approach to
solving linear and quadratic
equations led to algebra, a
word derived from the title of
his book on the subject, "The
Compendious Book on
Calculation by Completion
and Balancing"

7.  He has been called
variously the "founder of
Indology", "Father of
Comparative Religion",
"Father of modern geodesy",
and the first anthropologist.
 He devised a novel method
of determining the Earth's
radius by means of the
observation of the height of
a mountain.
 Important contributions to
geodesy and geography
were also made by al-Biruni.
 He introduced techniques to
measure the earth and
distances on it using
triangulation. He found the
radius of the earth to be
6339. 6 km, a value not
obtained in the West until the
16th century

8. He was a Persian physician
, philosopher and
alchemist who lived during
the Islamic Golden Age.
Al-Razi was one of the
world's first great medical
experts. He is considered
the father of psychology and
psychotherapy.
 He was the first to clinically
distinguish between smallpox
and measles, and suggest
sound treatment for the former.
Through translation, his
medical works and ideas
became known among
medieval European
practitioners and profoundly
influenced medical education
in the Latin West.

9.  He is the purported author of
an enormous number and
variety of works in Arabic,
often called the Jabirian
corpus.
 There are about 600 Arabic
works attributed to Jabir ibn
Hayyan that are known by
name, approximately 215 of
which are still extant today.
 He is credited with
the invention of many
types of now-basic
chemical laboratory
equipment, and with the
discovery and description
of many now-
commonplace chemical
substances and processes
– such as the hydrochloric
and nitric acids, distillation,
and crystallization.

10.  He was a Muslim
polymath: a scholar,
inventor, mechanical
engineer, artisan,
artist and
mathematician.
 He is credited with the
invention of the
elephant clock. He has
been described as the
"father of robotics" and
modern day
engineering.

11.  He was an early Islamic
philosopher and music
theorist. He has been
designated as "Father of
Islamic Neoplatonism", and
the "Founder of Islamic
Political Philosophy"
 Al-Farabi was a
remarkable
mathematician, who also
mastered all elements of
theoretical medicine. He
also wrote a large number
of works on music theory.
He is widely known as a
composer and is the
inventor of a new musical
instrument.

12. Thank You…!