The document discusses pluralism and the role of interest groups and media in politics. It notes that pluralists see citizens as actively involved in politics through interest groups that compete for influence. No single group can dominate since groups can access different resources. The media is also seen as an important part of the democratic process, allowing citizens to learn about politics. However, concerns are raised that market forces and privatization may undermine equal citizenship by extending commercialization and reducing universal services and benefits for some.
Internationalisation of the media tends to undermine national culturesYusuf Kurniawan
The document discusses how the internationalization of media tends to undermine national cultures in three paragraphs or less:
The rise of global media industries has increased competition amongst media companies to attract larger audiences. This has led media institutions to internationalize and import/export media content across borders in order to grow their audiences. However, importing large quantities of foreign media, particularly from Western countries, can negatively impact local cultures by exposing audiences to new cultural values through television programs and advertising. The phenomenon is known as "cultural imperialism," and sees the domination of Western entertainment programming implanting foreign values on audiences in developing nations. While internationalization increases access to remote cultures, it also changes domestic cultures without recognition as people are exposed to new forms
Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves the public interest.
This document discusses the author's ancestors who worked as journalists and pioneers in media in the early 20th century in India and Pakistan. It provides brief biographies of the author's father and uncles who published newspapers and periodicals in Delhi, Lahore, and other cities before 1947. The document serves to dedicate the author's book on contemporary world media to these ancestors who helped pioneer media in their time period.
The document discusses different theories of media globalization. It outlines the functionalist theory proposed by Harold Laswell and Charles Wright in the 1940s and 1960s, which describes five functions of mass media: surveillance, correlation, transmission, entertainment, and mobilization. It also discusses the social responsibility theory stemming from the Hutchins Commission report of 1947, which argued that media has certain obligations to society, including truth, accuracy, objectivity, balance and diversity of views. Finally, it covers the Marxist theory of media tied to communist ideology, emphasizing the role of media as a collective agitator and propagandist under government control with no private ownership.
[MDD02] for Publication_ State-media Relations the Rise of Private Ownership ...Adrian Baillie-Stewart
This document discusses the relationship between globalization, media, democracy, and development in South Africa. It argues that tensions exist between state and non-state actors in the country's media landscape. Specifically, it notes that commercialization of media opposes developmental goals by prioritizing profit over supporting development. The document also discusses issues around state-media relations, private media ownership, and public broadcasting's impact on democracy and development in South Africa. It suggests that unless media freedom prevails, marginalized groups will lose their voice and hopes for strengthening democracy and development in the country.
In this slideshare, Anabelle Chaumun (GlobalizNow.com) gives an overview on how the topic 'globalization' appears in the western media. At Globaliz, we think that we come to an age where globalization is not only exchanges of material and financial goods, but also wealth through national and international communities abroad.
This document discusses political communication. It defines political communication as the process by which leaders, media, or citizens use language and symbols to influence political views, attitudes, and behaviors. It identifies the key players in political communication as leaders, the public, and the media. It also discusses how politics is mediated through media platforms, how technology has become central to political communication, and how political communication has become globalized. Finally, it notes political communication can be used for both good and evil purposes.
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and media including:
1) How communications media spread information and values globally, creating a "global village".
2) The power of media and its limits, as changing technologies allow people more choice in content.
3) How mass media reflects and shapes cultural values and interests on a global scale through agenda setting and the spread of popular music and culture across borders.
Internationalisation of the media tends to undermine national culturesYusuf Kurniawan
The document discusses how the internationalization of media tends to undermine national cultures in three paragraphs or less:
The rise of global media industries has increased competition amongst media companies to attract larger audiences. This has led media institutions to internationalize and import/export media content across borders in order to grow their audiences. However, importing large quantities of foreign media, particularly from Western countries, can negatively impact local cultures by exposing audiences to new cultural values through television programs and advertising. The phenomenon is known as "cultural imperialism," and sees the domination of Western entertainment programming implanting foreign values on audiences in developing nations. While internationalization increases access to remote cultures, it also changes domestic cultures without recognition as people are exposed to new forms
Political communication is crucial for building a society where the state and people feel connected. It helps political actors gain legitimacy and compliance from citizens. Political communication is a highly complex environment involving many actors and audiences. It mirrors aspects of corporate communication but also differs in its context and purposes related to democracy. Effective political communication models include two-way feedback between representatives and citizens to facilitate decision making that serves the public interest.
This document discusses the author's ancestors who worked as journalists and pioneers in media in the early 20th century in India and Pakistan. It provides brief biographies of the author's father and uncles who published newspapers and periodicals in Delhi, Lahore, and other cities before 1947. The document serves to dedicate the author's book on contemporary world media to these ancestors who helped pioneer media in their time period.
The document discusses different theories of media globalization. It outlines the functionalist theory proposed by Harold Laswell and Charles Wright in the 1940s and 1960s, which describes five functions of mass media: surveillance, correlation, transmission, entertainment, and mobilization. It also discusses the social responsibility theory stemming from the Hutchins Commission report of 1947, which argued that media has certain obligations to society, including truth, accuracy, objectivity, balance and diversity of views. Finally, it covers the Marxist theory of media tied to communist ideology, emphasizing the role of media as a collective agitator and propagandist under government control with no private ownership.
[MDD02] for Publication_ State-media Relations the Rise of Private Ownership ...Adrian Baillie-Stewart
This document discusses the relationship between globalization, media, democracy, and development in South Africa. It argues that tensions exist between state and non-state actors in the country's media landscape. Specifically, it notes that commercialization of media opposes developmental goals by prioritizing profit over supporting development. The document also discusses issues around state-media relations, private media ownership, and public broadcasting's impact on democracy and development in South Africa. It suggests that unless media freedom prevails, marginalized groups will lose their voice and hopes for strengthening democracy and development in the country.
In this slideshare, Anabelle Chaumun (GlobalizNow.com) gives an overview on how the topic 'globalization' appears in the western media. At Globaliz, we think that we come to an age where globalization is not only exchanges of material and financial goods, but also wealth through national and international communities abroad.
This document discusses political communication. It defines political communication as the process by which leaders, media, or citizens use language and symbols to influence political views, attitudes, and behaviors. It identifies the key players in political communication as leaders, the public, and the media. It also discusses how politics is mediated through media platforms, how technology has become central to political communication, and how political communication has become globalized. Finally, it notes political communication can be used for both good and evil purposes.
The document discusses several topics related to globalization and media including:
1) How communications media spread information and values globally, creating a "global village".
2) The power of media and its limits, as changing technologies allow people more choice in content.
3) How mass media reflects and shapes cultural values and interests on a global scale through agenda setting and the spread of popular music and culture across borders.
Fauzi Bowo is running for re-election as governor of Jakarta in 2012 and is known by his nickname "Bang Kumis" which means "Mister Mustache". He responds to opponents who say the nickname refers to Jakarta being run-down and poor by insisting that Jakarta still needs his mustache to eliminate slums and poverty.
Global Voices is a community of over 300 bloggers and translators who work to bring reports from blogs and citizen media everywhere, focusing on voices not heard in mainstream media. It translates content into over 20 languages and has projects to help marginalized groups be heard online and advocate for free expression. As a distant fourth, Global Voices effectively creates links between bloggers in different countries by finding "bridge bloggers".
Global journalism encompasses 3 different perspectives on the practice of journalism: (1) the globalized approach to reporting elaborated by scholar Peter Berglez; (2) studies of how journalists differ in different countries; and (3) the practice of "foreign correspondence" or international reporting. This presentation by professor Mindy McAdams explains the distinctions among the 3 approaches. This presentation was given to journalists, students and others in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, and Jakarta, West Java, in July 2012, and includes some examples specific to Indonesia. SEE ALSO http://www.slideshare.net/macloo/global-journalism-research (for a discussion of approaches to conducting research about global journalism).
This document discusses globalization and international communications through analyzing key theorists like Giddens and Appadurai. It summarizes Appadurai's concept of "scapes" which describe different flows that characterize global cultural interactions. The document also briefly discusses the history of models in international communication, including communication and development, cultural imperialism, and cultural pluralism. It analyzes the tension between global and local forces and the role of media.
The document discusses several key concepts and theories related to media globalization:
1) Giddens' definition of globalization as intensified worldwide social relations linking distant places.
2) Cultural imperialism defined as a society being integrated into the modern world system and adopting dominant values/structures.
3) Three schools of thought on globalization: hyperglobalizers, skeptics, and transformationalists.
4) Globalization argued to be a driving force reshaping societies through rapid social, political, and economic changes.
Communication is defined as interaction between individuals that produces a response through verbal or non-verbal symbols. Political communication involves purposeful communication about politics between politicians, voters, and media. It can take the form of rhetoric, body language, protests, and other symbolic acts. Celebrities are described as "intimate strangers" who are physically distant but psychologically close to the public due to extensive media coverage of their personal lives. They become famous for their fame alone and are "created by the media." Politicians sometimes adopt celebrity traits to seem more relatable to voters in a process called "celebrification." Maintaining a positive self-image is important for politicians to communicate effectively and influence public opinion.
The ability of the present-day human to be fully aware of what’s happening in every corner of the globe owes its possibility to the efficient mechanisms operated by the transnational media corporations. For more than a century, these entities have progressively expanded worldwide thus impacting every human life with the aid of the advanced communication systems technologies such as cable, digital, satellite, and the internet that were developed in the twentieth century. It can be well said that these technologies powered up the rise, growth, and extension of transnational media corporations because they enabled them to seamlessly develop high-quality content and distribute it worldwide in real-time. This presentation is aimed at explaining the scope of this phenomenon, the entities behind it, and how such transformations have promoted global communication and at the same time it explores the criticism they face regarding their ownership, content generation and coverage. In this presentation, we also observe that the success of TMC’s lie in the billion-dollar investments, mergers, and acquisitions which have seen them combine resources with their rivals to dominate and influence the global media market – a result which has not been without disapproval from the media critics and scholars. The review questions at the end of the presentation let us ponder over the inquisitive concerns related to what is covered herein.
Global Media, Cultural Change and the Transformation of the Local: The Contri...leticiaczanella
Global media products like films, music, and television shows are spread globally but locally re-expressed through processes of hybridization. While symbols and ideologies from global media are interpreted locally, this does not produce a standardized global culture. Examples discussed include the appropriation of Rambo and hip hop in local cultures, and the hybrid identity construction through the global diffusion and local reception of Dallas, Brazilian telenovelas, and Mexican telenovelas. The author argues that the current global media culture is dynamic, differentiated, and pluralized through consumer practices and reception, challenging views of negative cultural consequences of globalization.
The document discusses the media and globalization. It defines different types of media such as print media (newspapers, magazines) and electronic media (radio, television, films). It then defines globalization as the integration of economies, societies and cultures through communication, transportation and trade. The media plays a key role in globalization by spreading ideas across borders, though this can lead to both homogenization and diversification of cultures. A small number of large media companies dominate distribution of information worldwide. The media influences public opinion and can shape perceptions on important issues and events. Exposure to violence in media can also impact children's development.
This document provides an overview and discussion of topics related to media and globalization. It discusses definitions of globalization, inequalities created by globalization, cultural imperialism vs cultural globalization, the role of global media and news agencies, the impact of new technologies like the internet, and the digital divide debate. It also summarizes several scholars' perspectives on these issues and how globalization has impacted cultural exchange and the spread of information worldwide.
A theory of Media Politics was my Oral Presentation subject with Mouna Frikha at ISLG. It was a good performance and I got 18\20 which is a very excellent mark .I greatly appreciate anyone's help.
The document discusses political communications and strategies for effective messaging. It defines politics and communication and outlines the key components of communication strategies, including defining goals, identifying target audiences, developing messages, choosing messengers, and selecting delivery tools. It emphasizes starting with the main message and understanding the audience to develop persuasive messaging that can achieve communication goals.
The document discusses the potential for social media to promote peacebuilding or perpetuate conflict in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. It notes that traditional media in Armenia and Azerbaijan often set a negative context that hinders dialogue. While new digital tools could encourage nonviolent solutions, they also risk reinforcing biases if used to spread nationalist rhetoric. Experts argue that both online and offline cooperation are needed, and that social media alone cannot transform deep-rooted attitudes. Approaches must be cautious and avoid imaginary hopes for technologies.
Mass media and globalization. The document discusses how mass media conveys information, entertainment, political power, and culture while being influenced by economic and other factors. It also addresses the advantages and disadvantages of globalized media, how media consumption has changed from 2015 to today, and some of the risks of mass media consolidation like elimination of critics and loss of diversity.
The document discusses different theories of international relations that were covered in a class, including social constructivism and feminism. It provides an overview of constructivism and how identities shape interests and relations. It also examines feminist approaches in IR, noting they make women visible, analyze how gender inequalities are embedded in practices, and empower women's perspectives in understanding international politics.
This document discusses conducting online ethnography to study how Brazilian migrants use social networking sites to maintain connections across borders. It argues that online interactions are an important part of many migrants' experiences that interconnect with their offline lives. To better understand how migration has changed in the digital age, researchers should incorporate both online and offline fieldwork to examine how digital connectivity impacts the migrant experience. The document uses the example of Brazilian migrants' use of the social media site Orkut to argue that online spaces are important new fieldsites for migration researchers.
The document discusses globalization, film, and television in the digital age. It covers topics such as the current technological revolution driven by innovations in information and telecommunications; the current era of globalization and increasing integration of economies and cultures; the rise of a global middle class and the development of a global consumer culture; the growth of brand empires in the film and television industries; and the disruption of traditional media landscapes by new technologies, competitors, and ways of financing productions. It examines issues like the homogenization of culture through globalization and the role of global corporations, as well as debates around these topics.
introduction to Postmodernism: An Introduction: globalisationDeborahJ
Globalization has led to the worldwide diffusion of cultural practices and expansion of relations across continents through increased flows of information, people, and capital. While globalization has economic benefits, it also homogenizes local cultures and beliefs, leading some groups to resist through nationalism, fundamentalism, or violence. Art exhibitions now emphasize cosmopolitanism over national origins, reflecting how artists and viewers have more hybrid and plural identities in an interconnected world.
Global Voices is an organization that aims to bring voices from citizen media and blogs around the world, especially those not heard in mainstream media. It discusses both the potential and dangers of alternative media resources. While such media can increase information sharing, it also risks perpetuating conflicts by spreading biased narratives that fuel hatred between groups. The role of media in conflicts like Nagorno-Karabakh is examined, where local coverage often filters news through existing perceptions.
O documento discute a evolução histórica do Estado e como ele sempre serviu os interesses das classes dominantes. Começa com as comunidades primitivas onde não havia Estado e funções eram exercidas coletivamente, depois passa pelo escravismo e feudalismo onde funções passaram a ser exercidas por uma minoria, levando à formação do Estado moderno a serviço da burguesia capitalista.
O documento discute as diferenças entre Camadas e MVC. Camadas dizem como agrupar componentes (classes, objetos etc), enquanto MVC diz como esses componentes interagem. MVC separa a lógica de apresentação da lógica de negócios, enquanto Camadas isolam responsabilidades como apresentação, negócios e acesso a dados. Embora distintos, esses padrões arquiteturais podem ser aplicados juntos.
Fauzi Bowo is running for re-election as governor of Jakarta in 2012 and is known by his nickname "Bang Kumis" which means "Mister Mustache". He responds to opponents who say the nickname refers to Jakarta being run-down and poor by insisting that Jakarta still needs his mustache to eliminate slums and poverty.
Global Voices is a community of over 300 bloggers and translators who work to bring reports from blogs and citizen media everywhere, focusing on voices not heard in mainstream media. It translates content into over 20 languages and has projects to help marginalized groups be heard online and advocate for free expression. As a distant fourth, Global Voices effectively creates links between bloggers in different countries by finding "bridge bloggers".
Global journalism encompasses 3 different perspectives on the practice of journalism: (1) the globalized approach to reporting elaborated by scholar Peter Berglez; (2) studies of how journalists differ in different countries; and (3) the practice of "foreign correspondence" or international reporting. This presentation by professor Mindy McAdams explains the distinctions among the 3 approaches. This presentation was given to journalists, students and others in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, and Jakarta, West Java, in July 2012, and includes some examples specific to Indonesia. SEE ALSO http://www.slideshare.net/macloo/global-journalism-research (for a discussion of approaches to conducting research about global journalism).
This document discusses globalization and international communications through analyzing key theorists like Giddens and Appadurai. It summarizes Appadurai's concept of "scapes" which describe different flows that characterize global cultural interactions. The document also briefly discusses the history of models in international communication, including communication and development, cultural imperialism, and cultural pluralism. It analyzes the tension between global and local forces and the role of media.
The document discusses several key concepts and theories related to media globalization:
1) Giddens' definition of globalization as intensified worldwide social relations linking distant places.
2) Cultural imperialism defined as a society being integrated into the modern world system and adopting dominant values/structures.
3) Three schools of thought on globalization: hyperglobalizers, skeptics, and transformationalists.
4) Globalization argued to be a driving force reshaping societies through rapid social, political, and economic changes.
Communication is defined as interaction between individuals that produces a response through verbal or non-verbal symbols. Political communication involves purposeful communication about politics between politicians, voters, and media. It can take the form of rhetoric, body language, protests, and other symbolic acts. Celebrities are described as "intimate strangers" who are physically distant but psychologically close to the public due to extensive media coverage of their personal lives. They become famous for their fame alone and are "created by the media." Politicians sometimes adopt celebrity traits to seem more relatable to voters in a process called "celebrification." Maintaining a positive self-image is important for politicians to communicate effectively and influence public opinion.
The ability of the present-day human to be fully aware of what’s happening in every corner of the globe owes its possibility to the efficient mechanisms operated by the transnational media corporations. For more than a century, these entities have progressively expanded worldwide thus impacting every human life with the aid of the advanced communication systems technologies such as cable, digital, satellite, and the internet that were developed in the twentieth century. It can be well said that these technologies powered up the rise, growth, and extension of transnational media corporations because they enabled them to seamlessly develop high-quality content and distribute it worldwide in real-time. This presentation is aimed at explaining the scope of this phenomenon, the entities behind it, and how such transformations have promoted global communication and at the same time it explores the criticism they face regarding their ownership, content generation and coverage. In this presentation, we also observe that the success of TMC’s lie in the billion-dollar investments, mergers, and acquisitions which have seen them combine resources with their rivals to dominate and influence the global media market – a result which has not been without disapproval from the media critics and scholars. The review questions at the end of the presentation let us ponder over the inquisitive concerns related to what is covered herein.
Global Media, Cultural Change and the Transformation of the Local: The Contri...leticiaczanella
Global media products like films, music, and television shows are spread globally but locally re-expressed through processes of hybridization. While symbols and ideologies from global media are interpreted locally, this does not produce a standardized global culture. Examples discussed include the appropriation of Rambo and hip hop in local cultures, and the hybrid identity construction through the global diffusion and local reception of Dallas, Brazilian telenovelas, and Mexican telenovelas. The author argues that the current global media culture is dynamic, differentiated, and pluralized through consumer practices and reception, challenging views of negative cultural consequences of globalization.
The document discusses the media and globalization. It defines different types of media such as print media (newspapers, magazines) and electronic media (radio, television, films). It then defines globalization as the integration of economies, societies and cultures through communication, transportation and trade. The media plays a key role in globalization by spreading ideas across borders, though this can lead to both homogenization and diversification of cultures. A small number of large media companies dominate distribution of information worldwide. The media influences public opinion and can shape perceptions on important issues and events. Exposure to violence in media can also impact children's development.
This document provides an overview and discussion of topics related to media and globalization. It discusses definitions of globalization, inequalities created by globalization, cultural imperialism vs cultural globalization, the role of global media and news agencies, the impact of new technologies like the internet, and the digital divide debate. It also summarizes several scholars' perspectives on these issues and how globalization has impacted cultural exchange and the spread of information worldwide.
A theory of Media Politics was my Oral Presentation subject with Mouna Frikha at ISLG. It was a good performance and I got 18\20 which is a very excellent mark .I greatly appreciate anyone's help.
The document discusses political communications and strategies for effective messaging. It defines politics and communication and outlines the key components of communication strategies, including defining goals, identifying target audiences, developing messages, choosing messengers, and selecting delivery tools. It emphasizes starting with the main message and understanding the audience to develop persuasive messaging that can achieve communication goals.
The document discusses the potential for social media to promote peacebuilding or perpetuate conflict in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. It notes that traditional media in Armenia and Azerbaijan often set a negative context that hinders dialogue. While new digital tools could encourage nonviolent solutions, they also risk reinforcing biases if used to spread nationalist rhetoric. Experts argue that both online and offline cooperation are needed, and that social media alone cannot transform deep-rooted attitudes. Approaches must be cautious and avoid imaginary hopes for technologies.
Mass media and globalization. The document discusses how mass media conveys information, entertainment, political power, and culture while being influenced by economic and other factors. It also addresses the advantages and disadvantages of globalized media, how media consumption has changed from 2015 to today, and some of the risks of mass media consolidation like elimination of critics and loss of diversity.
The document discusses different theories of international relations that were covered in a class, including social constructivism and feminism. It provides an overview of constructivism and how identities shape interests and relations. It also examines feminist approaches in IR, noting they make women visible, analyze how gender inequalities are embedded in practices, and empower women's perspectives in understanding international politics.
This document discusses conducting online ethnography to study how Brazilian migrants use social networking sites to maintain connections across borders. It argues that online interactions are an important part of many migrants' experiences that interconnect with their offline lives. To better understand how migration has changed in the digital age, researchers should incorporate both online and offline fieldwork to examine how digital connectivity impacts the migrant experience. The document uses the example of Brazilian migrants' use of the social media site Orkut to argue that online spaces are important new fieldsites for migration researchers.
The document discusses globalization, film, and television in the digital age. It covers topics such as the current technological revolution driven by innovations in information and telecommunications; the current era of globalization and increasing integration of economies and cultures; the rise of a global middle class and the development of a global consumer culture; the growth of brand empires in the film and television industries; and the disruption of traditional media landscapes by new technologies, competitors, and ways of financing productions. It examines issues like the homogenization of culture through globalization and the role of global corporations, as well as debates around these topics.
introduction to Postmodernism: An Introduction: globalisationDeborahJ
Globalization has led to the worldwide diffusion of cultural practices and expansion of relations across continents through increased flows of information, people, and capital. While globalization has economic benefits, it also homogenizes local cultures and beliefs, leading some groups to resist through nationalism, fundamentalism, or violence. Art exhibitions now emphasize cosmopolitanism over national origins, reflecting how artists and viewers have more hybrid and plural identities in an interconnected world.
Global Voices is an organization that aims to bring voices from citizen media and blogs around the world, especially those not heard in mainstream media. It discusses both the potential and dangers of alternative media resources. While such media can increase information sharing, it also risks perpetuating conflicts by spreading biased narratives that fuel hatred between groups. The role of media in conflicts like Nagorno-Karabakh is examined, where local coverage often filters news through existing perceptions.
O documento discute a evolução histórica do Estado e como ele sempre serviu os interesses das classes dominantes. Começa com as comunidades primitivas onde não havia Estado e funções eram exercidas coletivamente, depois passa pelo escravismo e feudalismo onde funções passaram a ser exercidas por uma minoria, levando à formação do Estado moderno a serviço da burguesia capitalista.
O documento discute as diferenças entre Camadas e MVC. Camadas dizem como agrupar componentes (classes, objetos etc), enquanto MVC diz como esses componentes interagem. MVC separa a lógica de apresentação da lógica de negócios, enquanto Camadas isolam responsabilidades como apresentação, negócios e acesso a dados. Embora distintos, esses padrões arquiteturais podem ser aplicados juntos.
Dia mundial do livro e dos direitos de autorBibliotecaalex
O documento descreve o Dia Mundial do Livro e dos Direitos de Autor, celebrado em 23 de Abril para homenagear escritores como Shakespeare e Cervantes, que morreram nesta data. A data comemora também os direitos de autores protegidos pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. Neste ano, as comemorações ocorrem na Armênia e focam na importância da tradução para aproximar os povos através da diversidade cultural.
1. O documento descreve as etapas de uma pesquisa científica, incluindo escolha do tema, levantamento de dados, formulação do problema e hipóteses, teste das hipóteses e conclusão.
2. São listadas virtudes necessárias para o pesquisador como espírito de sacrifício, constância, criatividade e sinceridade.
3. A pesquisa só é concluída com a publicação dos resultados em congressos, artigos ou apresentações.
O documento descreve o programa da Semana da Família de 2012, com atividades como mutirão de visitas, noite familiar, aula de dança, exibição de filme, atividade de genealogia, caminhada, casa aberta, baile e serão. O objetivo é fortalecer as famílias através de momentos de integração, aprendizado e entretenimento.
A SoftSite é uma empresa brasileira de tecnologia da informação que oferece soluções móveis para comunicação, informação e gestão, incluindo aplicativos para dispositivos móveis e portais na web. Suas soluções incluem aplicativos para vendas, marketing, serviços e produção.
O documento descreve o que é o eSocial, um projeto do governo federal para unificar o envio de informações sobre empregados de forma digital. Ele integrará o SPED e substituirá diversas obrigações acessórias através da geração digital da folha de pagamento e outras informações.
Legislação vigente do sistema nacional de seguroluzienne moraes
O documento descreve a história e organização do setor de seguros no Brasil. O Conselho Nacional de Seguros Privados (CNSP) é o órgão máximo responsável por fixar diretrizes e normas para o setor. A Superintendência de Seguros Privados (SUSEP) é responsável pela regulação, supervisão e fiscalização do mercado de seguros. O documento também detalha as atribuições dessas instituições.
A promoção oferece prêmios como iPads, iPods e iPod Shuffles para os 10 primeiros executivos que mais venderem projetos de tecnologia da BRAVA entre outubro e dezembro de 2012. Os projetos qualificados incluem implantações do ECM TOTVS, desenvolvimento com Liferay e tecnologias móveis, integração e customizações. Os prêmios são nominais e a BRAVA poderá usar a imagem dos premiados para divulgação.
O documento discute as dimensões da gestão estratégica, definindo-a como o conjunto de decisões e ações que determinam o desempenho de longo prazo de uma organização, incluindo análise interna e externa. A gestão estratégica envolve três perspectivas: estratégia empreendedora, processos decisórios e comunicação. Também apresenta conceitos estratégicos e as etapas do processo de gestão estratégica.
Slides com apresentação adriana cury e marta 26 06-12escolasanti
Este documento resume uma reunião pedagógica realizada em 26/06/12 para discutir a construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) da escola Realiza Santi. O objetivo da reunião foi apresentar o plano de ação para produzir o PPP, que incluiu dividir os participantes em grupos para responder perguntas sobre PPP e depois discuti-las. O plano de ação prevê o processo de produção do PPP até agosto de 2015, com etapas que vão desde análise de documentos até revisão
O documento fornece orientações sobre o processo de revalidação de diplomas de ensino fundamental, médio e universitário obtidos no exterior para brasileiros regressados. Ele explica que os documentos devem ser legalizados e, em alguns casos, traduzidos, e que a revalidação de diplomas de ensino fundamental e médio é feita pelas secretarias estaduais de educação, enquanto a de diplomas universitários é feita por universidades públicas brasileiras.
O documento fornece informações sobre o mercado de franquias no Brasil e sobre uma franquia específica chamada João Faz Tudo. Resume os seguintes pontos principais: 1) O mercado de franquias no Brasil teve um crescimento de 16,9% em 2011; 2) A franquia João Faz Tudo oferece uma variedade de serviços e tem como proposta ser a "Maior Mix de Serviços do Brasil"; 3) Os principais benefícios de se tornar franqueado da João Faz Tudo incluem marca forte
O documento descreve a ascensão e queda da indústria automobilística dos EUA no século XX. A Ford revolucionou a produção em série na década de 1910, mas empresas japonesas e européias passaram a competir nos anos 1970 com carros mais eficientes. Isso levou ao declínio da indústria em Detroit, com desemprego e pobreza, apesar dos bilhões em ajuda do governo nas décadas seguintes.
Apresentação Modelos de Negócios Digitais - FEI - São Bernardo do Campo - 08/...Fabio Souza Damasceno
O documento fornece um resumo sobre modelos de negócios digitais, incluindo:
1) Uma breve história da internet e do uso de tecnologias digitais no mundo e no Brasil;
2) Definições e exemplos de e-business, e-commerce, e-procurement e e-marketplaces;
3) Dados e estudos sobre o uso da internet e do comércio eletrônico no Brasil e no mundo.
O documento discute as implicações do eSocial para o FGTS, incluindo a manutenção da estrutura legal e data de recolhimento do FGTS, a geração de arquivos de eventos no ambiente da folha de pagamento e sua transmissão via eSocial, e os benefícios como a redução de custos de transação e maior controle através da padronização da comunicação entre sistemas de folha e da CAIXA.
O documento explica o que é a Comissão Própria de Avaliação (CPA) de uma instituição de ensino superior. A CPA conduz processos de avaliação interna e fornece informações ao Inep. Os estudantes podem participar respondendo questionários online para opinar sobre a instituição e contribuir para sua melhoria.
1) O documento discute a importância da ergonomia e do desenvolvimento colaborativo de software.
2) É proposta a criação de uma comunidade para desenvolvimento colaborativo focado em ergonomia de software.
3) Os desafios da colaboração incluem orquestração, usabilidade, integração e socialização do conhecimento.
O Ibovespa fechou em alta na segunda-feira, com destaque para as ações da PortX. O dólar teve desvalorização frente ao real. A taxa de juros DI subiu e o preço do petróleo teve alta. Eventos econômicos importantes incluem índices de serviços no Brasil e dados de emprego nos EUA.
Social media has significantly impacted politics by allowing for more direct communication between politicians and citizens. It has enabled new forms of political organization and activism online. While social media has increased political transparency and participation, it also introduces new challenges. Politicians must now operate in a context of constant public commentary online. Some argue this reduces opportunities for compromise and limits bold policy ideas. Overall, social media is changing how political discourse and campaigns are conducted, with platforms like Twitter and Google+ growing in importance. It remains unclear whether these changes will strengthen democracy or introduce new problems.
Social Media and PoliticsLearning objectivesLearning objec.docxjensgosney
Social Media and Politics
Learning objectives
Learning objectives include an understanding of the following:
· The role of social media in democracy
· The role of social media in advancing political reforms
· How social media create polarization
Introduction
Social Media are now a central component of democracy. The media are increasingly associated with political organizing, elections campaigns, accountability, and generally a more engaged citizenry. Social media are a dominant platform through which everyday citizens can share, organize, and communicate their ideas. People regularly use the media to acquire information about leaders and public policy related areas like the environment, education, health and so on. Many public offices now have websites that include social media functions in their communication with the public. Collectively, social media provide a public sphere where individuals can interact with likeminded people on political issues and provide criticism and support for leaders. However, while social media platforms make many issues accessible to increasingly large groups, the media have the potential to create polarization. Specifically, many blogs are quite subjective while some forms of media promote hatred and intolerance. Additionally, it is also difficult to examine the extent to which social media really alters public opinion as more research is needed. Lastly, questions remain on how much time users are prepared to devote their time on the social media for political problems.
Social Media and Elections
Popular social networks have transformed the use of the internet as a political tool for democratic transitions. Barack Obama’s historic in 2008 win was attributed to a new media strategy inspired by popular networks such as MySpace and Facebook. The campaign’s website My.BarackObama.com, allows supporters to join local groups, create events, sign up for updates and set up personal fund-raising pages. The campaign was spearheaded by Chris Hughes, a co-founder of Facebook. The social networks helped Obama raise more than two million donations of less than $200 each (Stelter, 2008). This success was based on huge investments on social media. The campaign spent $3 million on online advertising that targeted potential voters and online tools providing details of voting locations (Stelter, 2008).
Similarly, social media was extensively used in Canada’s 2011 elections. The elections were dubbed the “social media elections” or “election 2.0.” Harris (2011) observed that the social media served as “a one-stop shopping for parodies, speech remixes, gotcha moments, unconventional ads, and attacks so fiery, they risk scorching your computer monitor.” Two "vote mob" videos simultaneously held spots in the Top 10 on YouTube. A satirical video juxtaposing a Harper speech with an address by Star Wars' evil Emperor Palpatine drew more than 114,000. The University of Guelph's "vote mob" videos were viewed more than 33,000 .
Semantic Social Mashup approach for Designing Citizen DiplomacyAmit Sheth
Amit Sheth, "Semantic Social Mashup approach for Designing Citizen Diplomacy," position paper/talk at NSF Workshop on Designing Citizen Diplomacy, Irvine, CA, January 27-28, 2011.
Social Media Role in politics ziad jaserZiad Jaser
This document analyzes the role of social media in politics. It discusses how social media has become an essential tool for political mobilization, campaigning, and propaganda. Social media helps activists organize protests, politicians campaign for office, and groups spread their messages. While not single-handedly causing political change, social media provides new opportunities for participation and has influenced many political events and outcomes in recent years.
Defining political communication, political coverage & realitynadia naseem
The document discusses various topics related to political communication including defining political communication, political coverage, and whether news reflects reality. It defines political communication as the process by which information spreads and influences politics through leaders, media and citizens. Political coverage focuses on the president, political parties, elections and gaffes. While news is meant to report society faithfully, in reality news does not reflect all of reality due to gatekeeping, agenda-setting and framing effects. Social media has become an important tool for political engagement and influencing elections.
The document discusses how social media and the internet have changed the political landscape and democratic processes. It outlines how politicians now embrace platforms like Facebook and YouTube to engage citizens, how citizens can use social media to discuss issues, communicate with politicians, and organize activism. Examples are given of Barack Obama's successful 2008 social media campaign and how social media was used in the UK 2010 election debates and Arab Spring uprisings to facilitate activism and drive political change.
Social media is increasingly being used as a political voice around the world. It allows more freedom of expression and makes it easier for like-minded individuals to organize collectively. Studies show that social media users, especially younger ones, frequently engage in civic activities like commenting on issues, following candidates, and joining political groups online. While social media gives more people a platform to voice opinions, some argue it mainly benefits those already influential online and there are doubts about how accurately it represents those without internet access. Overall, social media seems to be enhancing political participation for many, though governments can also attempt to monitor or control online political networks.
1 Paper Presented Fer Cenmep Conferece Politician Online Analyses Of Estoia...Pedro Craggett
This paper examines how Estonian political candidates used their websites during the 2009 European Parliament election campaign. The study analyzes the effectiveness of candidates' website presentations and their use of multimedia, interactivity, and personalization. The analyses found that while candidates had blogs and social media profiles, they mostly used these for marketing rather than deliberative politics or civic engagement. Candidates provided little personal input or interactivity on their websites. In general, Estonian political websites did not offer many opportunities for public participation in debates or discussions.
This document discusses political communication. It defines political communication as the process by which leaders, media, or citizens use language and symbols to influence political views, attitudes, and behaviors. It identifies the key players in political communication as leaders, the public, and the media. It also discusses how politics is mediated through media platforms, how technology has become central to political communication, and how political communication has become globalized. Finally, it notes political communication can be used for both good and evil purposes.
This dissertation examines the role of new communication technologies and Tunisian activists in shaping the outcome of Tunisia's transition following the 2010-2011 revolution. It explores how activists utilized online platforms like blogs and social media to publicize grievances against the former regime and influence international coverage of the revolution. The study aims to determine if activists have gained political empowerment through these technologies, and if this empowerment is sustainable in Tunisia's current political context. Interviews are conducted with activists to understand their roles, visibility, popularity and credibility in the post-revolution period. The research also analyzes control over information and the "market for loyalties" using Monroe Price's theoretical framework to assess activists' ongoing authority and ability to engage in
This document discusses how social media has influenced politics. It begins by exploring how the networked nature of the internet facilitated new forms of political engagement. The advent of social media further enhanced this by increasing circulation of information and political knowledge, which can increase political participation. The document then provides evidence of social media's influence on politics by looking at how circulation of information is key in political campaigns, mobilizing social movements, and among political actors and practices. It analyzes how social media has become an important channel for political groups and citizens to share information and viewpoints.
The Political Power of Social Media Technology, the Publ.docxAASTHA76
This document summarizes Clay Shirky's article "The Political Power of Social Media" which examines how social media has enabled political change by facilitating coordination and collective action. The article discusses examples where social media helped topple governments, such as in the Philippines in 2001, but also cases where it failed to spark change, such as in Belarus in 2006. Overall, the article argues that social media strengthens civil society and public spheres over the long run, rather than immediately enabling political change. It cautions against US policy that aims to directly influence other countries' politics through social media.
The Correlation Between Social Media and Voter TurnoutGordon Gearhart
This document outlines a research proposal to study the correlation between social media use and voter turnout. The author hypothesizes that exposure to repetitive political messages and images on social media may discourage voting. A survey of 1000 people and focus groups of 100 people each will be conducted after the 2012 election to understand how social media usage relates to feelings of being bombarded by political content and subsequent voter apathy. The survey will ask about social media habits and the impact of repetitive political posts, while focus groups will dive deeper into how these factors influence voting decisions. The study aims to determine if heavy exposure to biased political content on social media desensitizes people and diminishes trust in candidates.
Journalism in Context - Reflective Responses to ReadingsGemma
The document discusses the importance of news in democratic societies and how news media stages global crises. It explores concepts like the merging of local and global aspects due to advances in communication technology. This allows events to more easily become "globally focused" as they get reported worldwide. The author argues that news media "stages" global crises through techniques like selective reporting that can blur the reality of situations. This staging affects society's understanding of risks and events and challenges the idea that citizens are well-informed through news. It raises questions about how staging impacts democracy and society with the evolving global news industry.
Selectively Social Politics The DifferingRoles of Media Use.docxbagotjesusa
Selectively Social Politics: The Differing
Roles of Media Use on Political
Discussion
J. D. Ponder and Paul Haridakis
Department of Studies Studies
Kent State University
In the modern media environment, people are afforded a variety of options for
political information. In addition, people now use multiple media sources (e.g.,
television, radio, blogs) to obtain information about all aspects of politics
(Eveland, 2004; Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2009).
The purpose of this study was to examine how use of particular media sources
influenced the frequency of political discussion with people from the same
political party (political in-group members) and people from a different polit-
ical party (political out-group members). Guided by a uses and gratifications
perspective, which emphasizes the role of the user in media effects, we exam-
ined how specific user background characteristics (e.g., age, sex, political opi-
nion leadership, political social identity, political content affinity), motives for
using traditional and social media for political information, and use of
different media sources work together to influence discussion with political
in-group and out-group members. Our results allowed us to identify several
distinct differences between people who talk to political in-group and out-
group members.
J.D. Ponder (Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012) is an Assistant Professor in the
Department of Studies Studies at Kent State University. His research interests include media
uses and effects, identity, learning, and political communication.
Paul Haridakis (Ph.D., Kent State University, 2000) is a Professor in the Department of
Studies Studies at Kent State University. His research interests include media uses and effects,
new communication technologies, freedom of expression and media history.
Correspondence should be addressed to J. D. Ponder, Department of Studies Studies, Kent
State University, 135 Taylor Hall, 300 Midway Drive, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44240. E-mail:
[email protected]
Mass Communication and Society, 18:281–302, 2015
Copyright # Mass Communication & Society Division
of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication
ISSN: 1520-5436 print=1532-7825 online
DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2014.940977
281
mailto:[email protected]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2014.940977
INTRODUCTION
In the contemporary media environment, people have a variety of different
media sources from which to acquire political information. People interested
in learning about politics or gaining political information can watch tele-
vision; listen to the radio; read newspapers, magazines, or books; in addition
to using online sources (e.g., blogs, social networking sites, video sharing
sites). In most cases, people now use multiple media sources (e.g., television,
radio, blogs) to obtain information about politics, political actors, and polit-
ical issues (Eveland, 2004; Pew Research Center for .
This document provides a literature review on the role of social media during conflicts. It discusses how social media was used during the Arab Spring uprisings to spread information and build online communities. Previous research found that social media helped magnify protester voices and assist in overcoming barriers, but the will of protesters was most important. The document then examines how social media impacted citizen journalism and the ability to share perspectives outside of mainstream media narratives. It reviews literature on both the positive and negative impacts social media can have on social movements. Overall, the literature establishes that social media is an important tool but not the sole reason for protests, and that face-to-face interaction remains very important.
This document provides an introduction and background to a book about the impact of social media on political parties and power balances. It discusses debates around social media's revolutionary potential in politics and notes most studies have focused on exceptional cases or US politics. The book aims to examine social media's impact on "normal politics" and power relations between parties using the Netherlands as a comparative case study.
How the current research agenda in communication and media might engage with state building (human rights & representation)
Effective States and the Media: a research dialogue across disciplines
Presentation by Professor Robin Mansell, London School of Economics
Presentation & discussion on how media and communication research is contributing to research dialogue on effective and fragile states
This ppresentation was written for a Social Media Metrics course in April, 2015. The author is an undergraduate in the School of Communication, University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Similar to Continuous analytical reflection Stephanie Piredda 17474737 (20)
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3. “[Weber’s] definition of politics is also very
broad. [He states that it] “comprises of
any kind of independent leadership in
action.””
Weber, 1948 (cited in Nash, 2010, p.9)
3
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Max Weber 1917, 2008)
4. “Weber’s view is that there are many sources of power, not just
the economy and that elites do not rule supreme but can be
challenged by organised groups in the political process.”
(Nash, 2010, p.11)
“Politics is a matter of competing interest groups, none of
which can dominate completely
over any of the others since all have access to resources of
different kinds.”
(Nash, 2010, p.13)
4
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
5. “Theorists of pluralism tend to see
citizens as actively involved in
politics.”
(Nash, 2010, p.13)
5
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(The Stop the War protest in
London, 2008)
6. “Pluralists suggest that the mass media are an essential part of the
democratic process because the electorate today glean most of
their knowledge of the political process from newspapers and
televisions.”
(Ownership and Control of the Media, n.d.).
6
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Media, 2011)
7. “On July 16th of this year, as
the hacking scandal
bloomed, News
Corporation placed full-
page advertisements in
several newspapers –
including, with some
panache, the Guardian –
headlined, “We are
sorry” and adding, “Our
business was founded on
the idea that a free and
open press should be a
positive force in society.
We need to live up to
this.””
(Lane, 2011, p.3)
7
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(The Guardian, 2011)
9. “... extending the market and narrowing the
sphere of public life in which citizens were
supposed to enjoy equally.”
(Nash, 2010, p.141)
9
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Rich and poor in the streets of London,
n.d.)
10. “Citizens receive different treatment according to
their income... [this] reduces the commitment
to “universal” citizenship rights and results in
the stigmatization of those who only have
access to inferior services.”
(Nash, 2010, p.141)
10
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
11. “Emphasis on paid employment has been accompanied
by real cuts in benefits for those without work.”
(Nash, 2010, p.142)
“The age of pensioners will rise to 70 from 2035 and
concessions will be cut.”
(Federal budget 2014: Winners and losers, 2014)
11
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Older worker, 2012)
12. “The Federal government’s contribution to degree costs
will decline by an average of 20 per cent from 2016 as
students take on a greater share of the cost of their
education.”
(Knott, 2014)
12
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Broke student, 2014)
13. “Individuals, families and groups in the population can be
said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to
obtain... living conditions and amenities that are
customary or at least widely encouraged or approved in
society.”
Peter Towsend (cited in Nash, 2010, p.143)
13
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Dr Bruce Rowell, 2011)
15. “Unlike violence, non-violence does
not just resist and exclude. It also
embraces and includes, thereby
opening up new possibilities to
reform.”
(Mamandi, 2011, p.566)
15
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
16. “As the venues of the mass communication become more
diverse and pervasive, individual citizens become more
intellectually and politically empowered. They know
what's going on around them and they use media tools
to form communities of interest that enhance political
activism.”
(Seib, 2012, p.1)
16
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Facebook and Twitter logos,
2013)
17. “Boundaries are not merely physical
limits – such as boarders between
states – but rather social and cultural
limits that Internet-based and other
new media can transcend.”
(Seib, 2012, p.125-126)
17
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
Screen shot from the video
The Arab Awakening – Tweets
from Tahrir. To watch full
video follow this link
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=4yljfoq2qas
18. “” [Social media has allowed for] more opportunities to
engage in public speech, and an enhanced ability to
undertake collective action.””
Clay Shirky (cited in Seib, 2012, p.126)
“”It is amazing that we participated via the internet in
ousting him.””
Tarak Mekki (cited in Beaumont, 2011)
18
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
(Social speech banner,
n.d.)
19. “The success of the Arab uprisings in 2011 was
due in part to the ability to connect.
Those who participated in one way or another
could keep abreast of what was happening not
only from conventional information sources but
also from people plugged into social networks
or various kinds.”
(Seib,2012, p.125)
19
Stephanie Piredda 17474737
20. REFERENCE LIST
Beaumont, P. (2011, February 25). The truth about twitter, facebook and the uprisings in the Arab world. The
Guardian. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/25/twitter-facebook-uprisings-arab-libya
Corderoy, A., & Harrison, D. (2014, May 13). Federal budget 2014: Commonwealth to slash share of hospital funding.
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21. REFERENCE LIST - IMAGES
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Editor's Notes
Webers definition of politics, while broad, allows for individuals to grasp a concept which involves three components of politics; independence, leadership and action. From this definition we become aware of the idea of politics as action. That it means the individuals who take part in politics must be prepared to act on any issues that become relevant. They must take the position of a leader when dealing with these issues in order to ensure that they fulfil their role. Weber sees politics as being independent, but this may not always be the case in contemporary society. Most individuals who partake in politics are part of a larger group, or political party, where all individuals have the similar beliefs.
Weber believes that power can come from many sources and that an individual does not need to be of the elite class in order to have immense power. He also brings to light the idea that money and the economy are not a main source of power, rather they just become contributing factors. Weber believes in the idea that large groups of individuals have the power to challenge the traditional political process in order to ensure that their rights are being represented. While it is true that organised political groups are able to have influence within the system, we do have to question just how much influence they have, and if they are more influential than elite individuals.
In the pluralist theory of politics there is the idea that “ordinary people can change things.” (A, Lentin, personal communication, March 4, 2014). Individuals are able to participate in politics in many ways. They can protest, start petitions and even encourage people to do the same and ensure that their views are being heard. Through persistence and an ongoing will to try and change things, ordinary individuals will be able to help make a change. Pluralism is also about individuals’ ability to access power through the idea of representation. That is they make their view point known, not just to a small audience, but to a large one in order to ensure that they are being noticed.
One way that ordinary individuals are able to hold power and influence over others is through the use of mass media. The media allows for individuals to voice their opinions in a forum that that reaches a vast audience. It also allows different view points on various topics to be presented and allows for individuals to gain a deeper understanding into these view points. Pluralist theorists believe that mass media is necessary for democratic governments as it is where most voters will receive the information that allows them to make an informed decision. For Mass media to be effective in the democratic process, all alternatives would have to be equally represented to ensure that the public is receiving accurate information. However this may not always be the case as on many occasions the media will favour one particular view and will be able to influence the public to feel the same.
The idea of ‘free and open press’ seems to have no limit. If we take a look at the hacking scandal in the UK in 2011 we can see that the mass media believe that, in order to gain information that they feel the public has the right to know, they are unrestricted in their methods of retrieval. This is where the media is out of control and the idea of it being essential is hard to accept. Individuals need to make informed decisions when deciding to trust and accept the media’s content. The media’s control comes from obtaining the public’s trust. They only have as much power as the public are willing to give them.
The idea of citizenship is meant to encourage the idea of equality for all individuals within the state. This is mainly based on the equality of rights – political, civil and social. However there are many inequalities that are experienced by various individuals in terms of their rights. A major inequality seen in most states is that of the access to rights between the wealthy and the poor. This is mainly due to the expansion of the market which makes the divide between the wealthy and the poor more prominent.
Governments will suggest that there is little to no difference in the way that citizens are treated, especially depending on their income. However this is not accurate. While it may not be straightforward there are effects of various laws and rights that benefit the wealthy rather than the poor. The 2014 Australian Federal budget is one example of governments further disadvantaging the less fortunate within our society. Some of the proposed outcomes will be discussed in the following slides and will show how the less fortunate will be impacted in many common areas of society.
Without a doubt there has always been a major emphasis on the work force and individuals working to sustain their living. From the young age of 14 years and 9 months individuals are encouraged to work, whether it be part time, casual or eventually full time. The 2014 Australian Federal budget however wants to ensure that by 2035 individuals are working up to the age of 70 and will be cutting concessions. It is preposterous to believe that individuals are expected to work for over 55 years of their life in order to make a decent living and be eligible for retirement benefits. For those who only know manual labour skills it will be difficult for them to stay in the workforce that long and not incur health risks. There is also the issue of cuts being made to concessions. It is unfair that people on a concession are not being supported. The individuals obviously have a reason as to why they need the concession, whether it be youth or pensioners. The concession helps them to live manageably and the government is removing that safety net.
A major priority for many young individuals in contemporary society is to gain a tertiary education in a chosen field of study in order to gain a future career. This priority comes from the idea that individuals have the “obligation to make oneself fit for the labour market.” (Nash, 2010, p.142). In order to conform with the contemporary labour market where most careers require tertiary education, university is almost a necessity for individuals. Most students will go straight into university from high school, leaving no time to bring in a steady income. If the government reduces their contribution to student fees we will see a decline in individuals attending university which will in turn lead to the labour market and economy as a whole to become inefficient. Furthermore, it discourages individuals, who may not be able to afford the increases, to find meaningless jobs which are not their first preferences.
A level of living conditions and amenities that should be encouraged in all societies, for the wealthy and the poor, is that of being healthy and having access to health care facilities. In Australia at the current moment, citizens are able to access free health care through the use of bulk billing and Medicare. This allows for all people, no matter their economic status, they receive the health care that they need. However as proposed in the 2014 Federal budget there will be a $7 co-payment for every GP visit and they will also be “charging patients for public hospital treatments.” (Corderoy & Harrison, 2014). This is completely unfair and disadvantages the less fortunate in many ways. Having to pay for GP visits and hospital treatments will see a decline in individuals seeking the medical help they need as many will not be able to afford it.
Protests and social actions have changed drastically in the 21st century. They have moved on from being large violent protests to even larger non-violent ones through the use of many new technologies. This new type of activism allows for the cause and the idea of protest to spread further than it could before, allowing greater access for people to participate. It encourages the initiative of coming together as a group with common aims, no matter where they are from or what age they are. If they believe in the cause then there is always a possibility to reform.
Social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter allow for individuals to connect no matter where in the world they are. They are able to form connections based on commonalities and this allows them to become empowered to stand up for what they believe in. It also permits other individuals to gain information about what is going on around them, not just from a formal perspective, but also from an informal perspective. This may help individuals to form an opinion and encourage them to also take action on the cause. The communities that are formed online are a way for individuals to express their activism without letting it get violent and in a way can be seen as a more peaceful way to protest about the changes they feel strongly about.
There are many boundaries which can come between individuals; physical, social and cultural. These boundaries are becoming less and less distinguishable through the use of social media and the internet. While there will always be some form of boundary, individuals are slowly overcoming them and are now able to connect with people from all over the world no matter their social or cultural status. The Arab uprisings are one example where we can see how social networks such as Twitter and Facebook allowed for individuals to connect. In the video The Arab Awakening – Tweets from Tahrir, we hear from individuals who experienced firsthand the connections that were able to be made through social networks. The individuals explained how they connected with not only people from neighbouring countries but were also able to connect with people from many other countries such as the US, as seen in the above photo. This connection allows for people to feel connected and know that there are people who do care about the causes that they are protesting for.
Any words that an individual writes on any social network are immediately public. The view they undertake and the position that they have expressed becomes public knowledge. This publicity may or may not be beneficial for the individual but it does allow for them to participate in a collective social action with people who express the same view as they do. Individuals feel more confident to express their views on the internet as they see this as a non-violent way to participate in protest. People are amazed that the effect of social media protests can reach as far as physical protests. They are only recently starting to see that collective social action through the use of words on a screen, like much of the 21st century protests consist of, are just as effective as violent protests, which now seem unnecessary.
Social media, without a doubt, plays a major role in the lives of most contemporary individuals. It allows for people to stay connected no matter where in the world they are or any differences that they may have. The Arab uprisings of 2011 are a key event that allows us to see just how relevant to all aspects of society it is. Within this protest, social networks allowed for individuals to stay connected and informed about the events that were happening and how they could help. It allowed for people to gain information that was up to date and relevant. Social media has “become unavoidable for all people who cover major events,” such as the Arab uprisings. (Beaumont, 2011). Social networks are the 21st century’s way of protest, individuals no longer feel the need to go out and be violent protesters when they can achieve the same result through the use of mass media connections.