This document provides an overview of different architectural forms and structures found in the Philippines. It discusses various types of domestic buildings like apartments, bahay na bato, barong-barong, and bungalows. It also describes ethnic houses such as bahay kubo and houseboats. Additionally, it outlines commercial buildings including markets, malls, and office buildings. Government structures like capitols and town halls are examined. Public buildings such as schools, granaries, mosques, cemeteries, and churches of different denominations are outlined. Other structures like forts, lighthouses, and bridges are also briefly described.

1. CONTEMPORARY ARTS PHILIP.
FROM REGION
LESSON 4 ARCHITECTURE

2.  Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual
arts. We can readily see architecture in our surroundings because architecture
involves designing the form of a building while allowing the building to serve its
function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit”

3. Forms of contemporary
Architecture

4. Domestic buildings and houses
 Apartment
This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is usually
built in populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of space
and because of the increased buying power of the population, condominiums were
developed.

5.  Bahay na Bato
Built in many areas during the 19th and 20th centuries, the bahay na bato is
considered to be a residence of the wealthy. A typical two-story bahay a bato
generally has a ground floor that is made of bricks or stone, and has a wooden
upper level

6.  Barong-Barong
The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or
area. These are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; space
along high walls, railroad tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage
dumps;

7.  Bungalow
this refers to one story house with a wide front porch and large widows.

8. Ethnic House

9.  Bahay Kubo
The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of Christian peasant families
living in the lowland areas.

10.  House Boat
The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as a dwelling. The badjaos or
sama laut typically reside in houseboats

11.  One-and-a-half Story House
It is characterized by an upper level or story covering just a half of the lower level .

12.  Split-level House
the split level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level
houses the kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has bedrooms.
These levels are separated by about half or less-than-half a story.

13.  Tsalet
The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has one story, a two story
house with living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one story house.

14. Commercial Buildings
 Market (palengke)
this refers to a place or building for buying and selling goods. This is also reffered
to as tindahan, and tiyange. Nowadays, the palengke has evolved into supermarket,
which puts the wet market and the grocery together in the same complex.
the mall or galleria, is considered a more recent evolved form of the palengke.


15.  Buildings the house banks, business offices, and factories
These buildings, especially those created during the 1950’s, have plain wall
surface and large windows. These also have bold rectangular forms and clean lines.
There are even some buildings that do not exhibit symmetry of form.

16. Government Buildings
 Capitol ( kapitolyo )
 This refers to the building of the municipal government. Most of the
Kapitolyo in the country use columns and pediments in the exterior of the
buildings.

17.  TOWN HALL (Munisipyo)
 This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the
mayor, the municipal council, the municipal court and jail, and other important
offices such as the municipal registrar’s office are located here. There are some
instances, however, when the municipal court and jail are housed in a separate
building called the tribunal.

18. Public Buildings and Structures
 School (Eskwelahan)
 This refers to a place where young people are educated to become
productive members of the community. The most common style of the eskwelahan
is American-influenced, which future a concrete structured elevated on stilts. This
building also have windows with awnings in the building are linked together by
veranda located both at the front and rear part of the building.

19.  Kamalig
 The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for strong grain. This is
considered to be the most economically significant structure among the tribes in
Northern Philippines, In fact, the Kamalig is typically raised from the ground and is
being protected areas, the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as from of kamalig.
However, nowadays, warehouse made with galvanize-iron sheets and steel frames
are built by the government for storing grain bought from local farmers of from
other countries. The entrance of this huge long building is located at the center of
the long side.

20.  Masjid
 The masjid or mosque refers to a place of worship of the Muslims A typical
Philippine mosque has the following features a tower called minaret, a prayer niche
called mihrab the dome, arches that are reinforce with pillars, and a pulpit called
mimbar, however, the mirror is low compared to the mimbar in African and western
Asian mosque, in addition to this is usually done inside the not being used for a call
call to prayer because this is usually done inside the mosque. There are also
benches placed outside the mosque where everyone may sit and talk while waiting.
One can see the crescent and star ornament in almost every corner of the mosque,
as well as the carving and other motifs.

21.  Cemetery ( Sementeryo)
 The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead. It has other names,
such as kampo santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and
vaults or nichos surroundings the chapel. Later, mausoleums were developed and
used by the wealthy, nowadays, memorial parks, which have wide green areas
covering the vaults, and columbaria, which buildings for storing cremated remains
are, are developed.

22. Church (SIMBAHAN)
 The simbahan is a place of worship for Christian congregation, how a church
was designed usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs. These will
be describe further below:

23.  • Roman Catholic Churches
 The typical Roman Catholic Church build during the Spanish colonial period
has the “earthquake Baroque” style. This style is characterized by having a separate
bell-tower form the church façade, and stronger walls with buttresses. These
features, as the name of the style implies, are helpful avoiding severe damage
during earthquakes. However, the detached bell-tower is more common in
churches in the ilocos regions than in the visayan region. The dome is usually
hemispherical and rests on a cylindrical structure with the same diameter.
 However, churches built during the late 19th century show a different architectural
style, fusing later with the usual “earthquake Baroque” style. A good example of this
this is the church of San Sebastian in Manila.

24.  • Protestant Churches
 Most protestant churches have the Neogothic architectural style, meaning rib
rib vaults and pointed arches can be seen in the structure. In addition to those,
stained glass windows were also used to add colorful effects brought about by the
sun’ rays.

25.  • Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) Churches
 A typical façade of INC has triangular arch that is lined with tall slender towers.
There are also two additional towers at the rear part of the church. These towers
and spires are ornamented with openwork [i.e., creating gaps or holes through the
solid material]. The entrance has a wavelike canopy. Galleries connect the front and
the rear part of the church.

26.  Movie House (Sinehan)
 The sinehan is a place where people watch films or motion pictures. This
used to be a separate large building and considered as a landmark in a community.
However, there are now movie house that are part of the structure of shopping
malls, these movie houses inside malls are smaller than the separate sinehan. This is
is not only prevalent in Metro Manila, but also in provincial urban centers.

27. Theatre (Teatro)
 The testro is a building intended for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations.
This is different from an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate
buildings compared to the former.

28. Other Forms and structures
 Fort (kuta)
 These are structures that are built to defend a community against
enemies. These are usually found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills,
narrow passes, mountains, and waters.

29.  Lighthouse (parola)
 The lighthouse is na structured built on an island, peninsula, or rock to
ensure that ships will be able to pass through a narrow area safely, a good example
of this the Cape Bojeador Lighthouse in ilocos Norte.

30.  Bridge (tulay)
 The tulay is horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between
two areas separated by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road. During the 1960s
until the 1980s, more bridges and elevated roads were built in order to islands and
to facilitate faster travel even in flood-prone areas, thanks to improved techniques
in engineering and use of reinforced concrete