This document provides an overview of traditional Philippine architecture from pre-Hispanic and Spanish colonial periods. It describes different types of pre-Hispanic houses like Ifugao huts (abong, inappal, bale, alang), bahay kubo, and torogan structures of the Maranao people. The masjid mosque introduced by Sheik Makdum in 1380 is identified as the oldest in the Philippines. Spanish colonial architecture is represented by the bahay na bato, which adapted stone construction techniques to the native bahay kubo design, and grand simbahan churches built of limestone and brick that were earthquake-proof.

1. MAPEH (ARTS)
PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
Subject teacher: Ms. Rose Anne S. Magtalas

2. ` As a popular quotation goes. “There’s
no place like home.” This means that
nothing gives greater comfort, safer
sanctuary, or loving environment than the
place one calls home. Do you agree? Think
about home. Think about the very structure
of your house. Describe its characteristics.
Does it express something about the ones
who live in it?

3. One of the most defining artistic
expression of a culture is its architecture.
Architecture is the art and science of
designing and building habitable
structures. An artist who designs and
plans architectures is called an architect.

4. Below are different architectural
structures in the Philippines.
Pre-Hispanic Period
The following are different houses
built by our ancestors before the arrival of
the Spaniards.
1. Ifugao huts

5. 1. Ifugao huts
There are four types of Ifugao huts:
abong, inappal, bale, and alang. The
abong is directly built on the ground,
while the inappal is slightly elevated
from the ground.

6. The bale is a dwelling house for the
families. Elevated about 10 feet high, the
bale has a ground floor, a main level, and
an attic. The alang is a granary house
where dried house and bulul, or Ifugao rice
gods, are stored and kept.

8. BALE

9. ABONG

10. 2. Bahay Kubo
The bahay kubo is considered a
vernacular Filipino house. It is literally a
cube house (from “cubo” or cube in
Spanish). Antonio Pigafetta, the chronicler
who travelled with Magellan described the
bahay kubo as follows:

11. “ Their houses are constructed of wood and
are built on planks and bamboo, raised high from
the ground on large logs, and one must enter
them by means of ladders. They have rooms like
ours, and under the house they keep their swine,
goats, and fowls.

12. 3. Torogan
The torogan is the ancestral house of the
upper-class Maranao in the Lanao Region of
Minadanao. It is the dwelling place of the datu, his
wives, and his children. No torogan in the
sultanate is larger than that of datu’s. The datu’s
torogan signifies his rank, and wealth.

13. One of the striking features of the torogan
is the panolong, which flare out from the floor end
beams and which have okir motif carved on them.

14. 4. Masjid
The masjid or mosque is a place of worship
for Muslim. The Sheik Karim at Makdum Mosque
in Simunul, Tawi-Tawi is the first and oldest
masjid in the Philippines. It was constructed in
1380 under the supervision of the
Arabian missionary Sheik Makdum who

15. Arabian missionary Sheik Makdum
who introduced the Islam faith in the
archipelago in 1376.

16. SPANISH ERA
1. Bahay na bato
The bahay na bato is the Spanish
adaptation of the bahay kubo. Literally “
house of stone” its structure features

17. SPANISH ERA
1. Bahay na bato
The bahay na bato is the Spanish
adaptation of the bahay kubo. Literally “
house of stone” its structure features the
use of brick and stone in the lower level of
the house. Like the bahay kubo, the bahay
na bato is a two-storey house, with the
main living area located on the upper level.

18. SPANISH ERA
2. Simbahan
During the Spanish colonization,
Spanish friars not only taught Christianity
they also designed grand churches, and
cathedrals. Many of these churches were
made of limestone or brick, making them
earthquake-proof.

19. SPANISH ERA
2. Simbahan
The Church in the picture above is St.
John the Baptist Parish Church in Liliw,
Laguna. It was built in 1643