PARAGRAPH
• is acollection of sentences within a piece of writing, connected by a
single focusing idea. It can be organized in different forms, depending
on its content and the purpose of the writer or speaker.
3.
There are fourmain type
CHRONOLOGICA
L ORDER
SPATIAL ORDER TOPICAL ORDER
4.
Chronological order
Items arelisted in the
order in which they
occurred or in a
specifically planned
order in which they
must develop.
This is a great tool for
narrating a story,
whether that’s a story
you’ve made up or a
retelling of something
that really happened.
5.
EXAMPLE
• First, Iwoke up to the sound of my alarm clock blaring at
6:00 AM. Next, I stumbled out of bed and headed to the
kitchen to make myself a quick breakfast of toast and coffee.
After that, I got dressed and grabbed my bag, making sure I
had everything I needed for the day. Then, I walked to the
bus stop, catching the 7:15 AM bus to work. Finally, I arrived
at the office just before 8:00 AM, ready to start my day.
6.
•Spatial Order
In thispattern, items are
arranged according to
their physical position or
relationships.
This is a really useful
paragraph structure when
your goal is to describe
something specific to a
location, such as the best
tourist spots in your
hometown.
7.
EXAMPLE
• My apartmentis small but cozy. Entering through the front
door, the kitchen is immediately to the left, a compact space
with white cabinets and a small breakfast bar. Straight
ahead is the living room, dominated by a large, comfortable
sofa facing a flat-screen television. To the right of the living
room is the bedroom, a quiet retreat with a double bed and
a built-in wardrobe. Finally, tucked away in the corner near
the bedroom is a tiny bathroom, complete with a shower
and a surprisingly spacious vanity.
Climactic Order
In thispattern, items are arranged
from least important to most
important.
Emphatic paragraphs are a great tool when
writing an argument and trying to convince
your readers of something.
If you’re providing a number of supporting
reasons for one claim, you might start with the
most convincing argument and then move
through to the least convincing one.
10.
THE DIFFERENCE
• ChronologicalOrder: This method arranges information in the
order in which events happened. It's great for telling stories or
explaining processes, but it doesn't emphasize any particular
detail.
• Example: "First, I woke up. Then, I ate breakfast. Finally, I went to work."
• Spatial Order: This method describes things based on their
physical location. It's useful for describing a scene or a physical
object.
• Example: "The kitchen was small and cluttered. To the left was a worn-
out table, and to the right was a sink overflowing with dirty dishes. The
back wall was covered in peeling paint."
11.
Topical Order
It refersto an organization that emerges from the topic itself.
This kind of paragraph will generally start with more general
information, and then move to more specific ideas.
You’ll generally have multiple examples and explanations, but only one
main point announced in one topic sentence.
12.
EXAMPLE
• The Benefitsof Reading
•
Reading has numerous benefits for both the mind and body. Firstly, reading
can improve your vocabulary and language skills, as you encounter new
words and grammatical structures. Secondly, reading can enhance your
cognitive abilities, such as memory, concentration, and critical thinking.
Furthermore, reading can reduce stress and improve your overall well-being
by providing an escape from daily worries. Finally, reading can broaden your
horizons by exposing you to different cultures, perspectives, and
experiences. In conclusion, reading is a valuable activity that offers a wide
range of benefits for individuals of all ages.
Editor's Notes
#5 Writing Tip: Chronological order is simple to understand and follow. To make it even more engaging, consider using transition words like first, next, then, after that, finally to clearly mark the passage of time. You can also add details about the duration of each event to further enhance the sense of time passing. For example, instead of "I walked to the bus stop," you could write "I spent fifteen minutes walking to the bus stop, enjoying the morning breeze."
#7 Start with a clear starting point: Imagine your reader standing in one spot, and then guide them through the space. For example, you might begin with "Entering the room..." or "Standing in the center of the garden..."
Use directional words: Words like left, right, front, back, above, below, near, far, across, behind, in front of, next to help your reader visualize the space.
Use vivid descriptions: Engage your reader's senses by using descriptive language to bring the space to life. Describe colors, textures, smells, sounds, and temperatures to make your writing more immersive.
Avoid repetition: Try to use different words to describe spatial relationships so your writing doesn't become repetitive. Instead of saying "to the left" and "on the left" repeatedly, use variations like "on the left side" or "immediately to the left."
#12 Topical order is a method of organizing a paragraph by grouping related ideas together. This method helps to create a clear and logical flow of information. Here is an example