The document discusses Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the fundamental right to constitutional remedies. It describes Article 32 as the "very soul" and "heart" of the Constitution. The summary provides: Article 32 guarantees Indian citizens the fundamental right to approach the Supreme Court if any of their fundamental rights are violated. The Supreme Court has the power to issue writs like habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari to protect citizen rights. Article 32 allows citizens to legally challenge violations of their fundamental rights and ensures access to constitutional remedies.

1. Constitutional remedies
Article 32: Right to Constitutional
Remedies Article 32 was called "the very
soul of the constitution and the very heart
of it" by Dr. B R Ambedkar
Ranjitha.v

2. Right to Constitutional Remedies
• The right to constitutional remedy was created as one of the main
fundamental rights, because the constitution recognized the need
to protect the rights of the citizens.
• In case of any one of the fundamental rights being deprived or
denied to the resident of the country, the individual or the party has
the right to present their case in a court.
• In this case, the court has the flexibility to assign writs to the public
in the form of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo
warranto and certiorari. In the case of a national emergency, the
government has the flexibility to append the right of the citizen.
• According to Article 32, Indian citizens can stand up and fight for
their fundamental rights if they are breached.

3. Habeas corpus
• A writ of Habeas corpus requires that a person under
arrest should be brought before a judge or court. The
underlying principle behind the writ of Habeas Corpus
is that a prisoner should be released from unlawful
detention. It originated from the English Legal system
and has been adopted in many nations since. Another
form of the writ known as the Great Writ is also a
complex order submitted to the court, which demands
the custodian or the keeper of the prisoner to provide
sufficient proof or documents in support of his or her
authority of keeping the prisoner.

4. Mandamus
• The Writ of Mandamus is another important
jurisdictional remedy in which an order is passed
on from a superior institution to a
supplementary, subordinate court or authority
that prohibits the court or government official
from performing a certain act under the nature of
statutory obligation. This is basically issued in the
form of command to either take a particular form
of action or refrain from doing it, and is backed
with legal rights and reasoning.

5. Prohibition
• Prohibition is writ issued by the high court or
the Supreme Court to the local courts to
prevent them from proceeding with a case
which does not fall under its jurisdiction.

6. Certiorari
• Certiorari is a writ issued to lower
courts, when these courts have gone beyong
the scope of their jurisdictions

7. Quo Warranto
• Quo Warranto writ is issued to a person who
has been wrongly appointed in the office of
authority. This obligates the accused of
presenting whatever evidence he or she has to
the court to support the reasons for occupying
a particular post

8. • Article 32 Components
The Article in the Indian Constitution states that the Supreme Court
or can accept writs from citizens or organizations if any of the
fundamental rights have been denied to them. Along with
exercising writs, the Supreme Court can also give other lower courts
or even take away the responsibility of jurisdiction for certain
cases.
Different Mechanisms for Protecting Rights
• The national commission for minorities is a flexible, autonomous
body created by the Government of India that helps in monitoring
the lower classes, castes and minorities. This commission works for
the betterment and of these minority groups. The Commission
looks into the complaints lodged by minorities and go ahead with
plans that safeguard their rights and privileges of being an
independent Indian Citizen.

9. • The National Commission for Women has been
functioning since 1992 and works for the protection of
women rights in cases such as
dowry, exploitation, prostitution, and protects them
from becoming victims of religious disputes and unfair
job opportunities. The commission regularly holds
campaigns and activities that safeguard the lives of
women in the country.
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes protects the
interests of schedule tribes. The government will
monitor and safeguard the rights of the Scheduled
tribes and offer opportunities in the processes of socio-
economic development, in terms of employment and
also in terms of gaining medical and educational relief.

10. Thank you