CONSIDERATIONS ON MANAGERIAL ETHICS IN
SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS
Lecturer PhD Mihai Constantin Razvan BARBU
University of Craiova
Email: [email protected]
Associate professor PhD Liviu CRACIUN
University of Craiova
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
The scholarly literature in the ethics field approaches the ethical
management issue in different areas such as accounting, retail, banking,
public institutions or private companies. The subject of sports managers’
ethics is not very well highlighted in the national literature, as "sports
industry" is constantly evolving. Sports have a strong impact on the national
culture, influencing the values of millions of spectators and participants. The
definition of sports given by the Council of Europe is "all forms of physical
activity which, through more or less organized participation, aim at
expressing or improving physical and psychological condition, the
development of social relationships or obtaining positive results in all levels
competitions". In this paper we conducted a study on managerial ethics tools
within sports clubs. The used methodology involved the intersection of the
main current stage of knowledge and the formulation of new judgments. The
study identified and highlighted the major role of the manager of sports clubs
in providing the framework for the manifestation of ethical behaviors.
Keywords: managerial ethics, sport organizations, ethical tools
1. Introduction
Ethics represents the code of
principles and moral values that
governs the behavior of a person or
group, of what is right or wrong. Human
action may fall within one of three
areas, which differ in the amount of
explicit control existing at that level: the
law, the ethics and the free choice of
each individual. Exercised control is
high in law field, decreasing a lot when
talking about individual freedom of
taking decisions about oneself.
Between the two poles, there is the
ethics field, which, although not legally
regulated, has standards of behavior
based on moral values and principles
guiding the behavior of individuals and
organizations. Since ethical standards
are not coded, problems often arise
about what is right.
Another important concept is that
of the ethical dilemma: a situation that
occurs when all alternatives are
considered undesirable due to potential
negative consequences, making difficult
to distinguish between right and wrong.
The individual who must decide in the
situation of an ethical dilemma is known
in the literature as a moral agent. The
manager of sport organizations is that
kind of moral agent, being confronted in
its decision-making and leadership
activity with ethical issues.
2. Literature Review
Crăciun (2005) presents the main
standard ethical theories: the ethics of
virtues, utilitarianism and ethics of duty.
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
60
The ethics of virtues is the updated
version of the ide ...
This document provides an overview of business ethics in human resource management. It discusses key topics such as the definition of ethics, approaches to ethics, the importance of ethics in HRM, and common ethical issues that arise in various HR practices such as job design, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, and compensation. The document emphasizes that ethics are important for organizations to maintain public trust, treat employees fairly, and balance the interests of all stakeholders. Upholding ethical standards in HRM activities can help firms make better long-term decisions and achieve success.
A Research Aimed at Determining Employees' Ethical Climate Perceptions in Acc...inventionjournals
Ethical climate, is one of the most important factors influencing behavior and relationships with in the organization which is considered to be common perception in dealing with the ethics problems and what are the ethically right and wrong behaviors of employees. The main objective of this research is to expose the ethical climate perceptions of employees in the accommodation establishments. And also is to determine ethical climate perception of the employees whether is indicating a significant difference with demographic characteristics who participated in the research. For this purpose, it was carried out a survey to 102 employes who work in accommodation establishments in Hatay province. According to research results; employes stated that they most act in the helpfulness behavior. Additionally there is no significant difference between the dimensions of ethical climate and gender, marital status, age variable. However there is significant difference between egotistic dimension of ethical climate and education status variable.
The document discusses several individual factors related to moral philosophies and values, including:
1) It defines different moral philosophies like utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics that guide decisions about right and wrong.
2) It explains theories of goodness and obligation that influence ethical decision making. Teleology assesses morality based on consequences while deontology focuses on rights and intentions.
3) Individuals use different moral philosophies depending on the context, as business goals can differ from personal life goals and corporate culture shapes decision making. Developing employees' cognitive moral development can improve ethics.
JM Chapter 3 Ethics and International Business (I).pptxJesilin James
Corporate social responsibility (C S R): the set of obligations a corporation undertakes to protect and enhance the society in which it functions
The Triple Bottom Line:
The Economic Mission
The Natural Environment
General Social Welfare
Role and Significance of Ethics in Human Resource Practices at Organization A...ijtsrd
This document discusses ethics in human resource practices at organizations. It begins by defining ethics and explaining how ethical values can benefit organizations by channeling employee energies into pursuits that are beneficial to society. It then discusses some common ethical issues that arise in HR activities like compensation, labor relations, health and safety, and training. The document reviews several past studies that have examined various aspects of ethics in HR. It outlines the objectives of exploring the role and significance of ethics in HR practices. Finally, it discusses how ethics can influence HR in organizations and some specific ethical issues that commonly arise related to compensation, discrimination, and employment practices.
The document discusses business ethics from several perspectives. It provides definitions of business ethics from various scholars, focusing on establishing ethical standards and norms to guide right and wrong behavior in business. It also discusses frameworks for ethical decision making, the complex and dynamic nature of business ethics, and the importance of developing virtues and moral character. Both arguments for and against business ethics are presented. The role of spirituality in business ethics is explored, distinguishing between morality and ethics.
Organizational Applied Ethical Model: Interaction between Learned Ethics and ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an Organizational Applied Ethics Model (OAEM) that examines the interaction between learned ethics (organizational codes of ethics) and intentional ethics (managers' personal values and philosophies) in shaping how ethics are applied in organizations. It argues that for ethics to be properly implemented, managers' intentional ethics must align with the learned ethics. The paper also suggests developing "psychologist managers" through positive psychology interventions to promote ethical decision-making and foster positive organizational cultures.
This document provides an overview of business ethics in human resource management. It discusses key topics such as the definition of ethics, approaches to ethics, the importance of ethics in HRM, and common ethical issues that arise in various HR practices such as job design, recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, and compensation. The document emphasizes that ethics are important for organizations to maintain public trust, treat employees fairly, and balance the interests of all stakeholders. Upholding ethical standards in HRM activities can help firms make better long-term decisions and achieve success.
A Research Aimed at Determining Employees' Ethical Climate Perceptions in Acc...inventionjournals
Ethical climate, is one of the most important factors influencing behavior and relationships with in the organization which is considered to be common perception in dealing with the ethics problems and what are the ethically right and wrong behaviors of employees. The main objective of this research is to expose the ethical climate perceptions of employees in the accommodation establishments. And also is to determine ethical climate perception of the employees whether is indicating a significant difference with demographic characteristics who participated in the research. For this purpose, it was carried out a survey to 102 employes who work in accommodation establishments in Hatay province. According to research results; employes stated that they most act in the helpfulness behavior. Additionally there is no significant difference between the dimensions of ethical climate and gender, marital status, age variable. However there is significant difference between egotistic dimension of ethical climate and education status variable.
The document discusses several individual factors related to moral philosophies and values, including:
1) It defines different moral philosophies like utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics that guide decisions about right and wrong.
2) It explains theories of goodness and obligation that influence ethical decision making. Teleology assesses morality based on consequences while deontology focuses on rights and intentions.
3) Individuals use different moral philosophies depending on the context, as business goals can differ from personal life goals and corporate culture shapes decision making. Developing employees' cognitive moral development can improve ethics.
JM Chapter 3 Ethics and International Business (I).pptxJesilin James
Corporate social responsibility (C S R): the set of obligations a corporation undertakes to protect and enhance the society in which it functions
The Triple Bottom Line:
The Economic Mission
The Natural Environment
General Social Welfare
Role and Significance of Ethics in Human Resource Practices at Organization A...ijtsrd
This document discusses ethics in human resource practices at organizations. It begins by defining ethics and explaining how ethical values can benefit organizations by channeling employee energies into pursuits that are beneficial to society. It then discusses some common ethical issues that arise in HR activities like compensation, labor relations, health and safety, and training. The document reviews several past studies that have examined various aspects of ethics in HR. It outlines the objectives of exploring the role and significance of ethics in HR practices. Finally, it discusses how ethics can influence HR in organizations and some specific ethical issues that commonly arise related to compensation, discrimination, and employment practices.
The document discusses business ethics from several perspectives. It provides definitions of business ethics from various scholars, focusing on establishing ethical standards and norms to guide right and wrong behavior in business. It also discusses frameworks for ethical decision making, the complex and dynamic nature of business ethics, and the importance of developing virtues and moral character. Both arguments for and against business ethics are presented. The role of spirituality in business ethics is explored, distinguishing between morality and ethics.
Organizational Applied Ethical Model: Interaction between Learned Ethics and ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an Organizational Applied Ethics Model (OAEM) that examines the interaction between learned ethics (organizational codes of ethics) and intentional ethics (managers' personal values and philosophies) in shaping how ethics are applied in organizations. It argues that for ethics to be properly implemented, managers' intentional ethics must align with the learned ethics. The paper also suggests developing "psychologist managers" through positive psychology interventions to promote ethical decision-making and foster positive organizational cultures.
Organizational ethics are shaped by an organization's culture, which includes its beliefs, practices, values, and attitudes. An ethical organizational culture promotes ethical behavior through formal and informal systems that encourage or discourage certain actions. Leaders play an important role in creating an ethical climate by developing clear codes of conduct, rules that are applied transparently, rewarding ethical actions and punishing unethical ones, and serving as role models for ethical behavior. However, efforts to promote an ethical culture also carry risks like bias and reducing employees' sense of autonomy if not implemented carefully. Overall, a strong ethical culture can motivate employees to behave ethically.
This document discusses the concepts of ethics and business ethics. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves examining concepts of right and wrong conduct and moral behavior in humans. Business ethics applies these ethical principles and frameworks to business behavior and decisions.
2. Business ethics is based on principles of integrity and fairness, and focuses on benefiting all stakeholders of a business, both internal and external. Stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, and society.
3. Implementing ethical practices in business can have benefits like creating rapport with the public, improving organizational effectiveness, promoting healthy competition, and benefiting all stakeholders of a business. Strong business ethics can ultimately help businesses succeed
Business ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct in business. It is based on principles of integrity and fairness and concentrates on benefits to stakeholders, both internal and external. Some key factors that influence business ethics include leadership, corporate culture, strategy and performance, environmental factors, and individual characteristics. There are also different types of ethics considered in business such as transactional ethics, participatory ethics, and recognition ethics.
This document provides a review of Indian philosophy and business ethics. It discusses how ethics was once seen as irrelevant to business but is now seen as critical to success. It explores the meaning of business ethics in the context of major Indian philosophical traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Arthashastra. The paper is divided into sections on the characteristics of Indian philosophy and ethics, management ethos in these traditions, relevance to modern governance, and individual ethics. Overall, it aims to establish links between ancient Indian ethics and modern business ethics concepts.
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.
Relationships v/s Money.
Forgiveness.
Protecting the weak.
Equality of race and creed.
After Ravana was killed SriRama asks Vibhishana, Ravana’s brother to perform the final rites for Ravana.
Rama then commands Lakshmana to coronate Vibhishana as the king of Lanka with the help of Sugriva and others.
He orders Vibhishana to reward the monkey army with gold and gemstones for their valor displayed in warfare.
Hanuma keeps back mountain sanjeevini in its original place.
Organizational ethics refers to applying moral choices guided by values and principles to organizational activities. An ethical organization has fairness, responsibility, purpose, and ease interacting with diverse stakeholders. Ethical ground rules foster honesty, responsibility, fairness, and participation. Managing ethics improves society, productivity, meaning, policies, reputation, and trust. Leaders are responsible for creating ethical organizations by confronting operational goals with moral obligations. Leaders must consider impacted values and interests and avoid harm. Building ethics requires leaders to develop influences, integrity, values, training, and plans for excellence. An organization's ethics reflect its leaders' ethics and skills.
Examine the major influences that organizational culture can have on.pdfakilastationarymdu
Examine the major influences that organizational culture can have on organizational ethical
decision making. From your personal experience in your current or past organization, provide
one (1) example of how organizational culture influenced the outcome of an ethical decision.
Note: Please do not identify workplaces or leaders by name.
Use the Internet to research a business leader that you believe to be an ethical leader. Next,
examine the key traits and actions that the selected leader demonstrates in order to influence a
positive ethical culture in the organization. Suggest two (2) actions that a company could take in
order to achieve a positive ethical culture.
Solution
Ethics are priciple and values used by an individual to govern his actions and decisions.
Organizational ethics is an ethics of organizational and and it is how an organization responds to
an internal or external stimulus. Organizational ethics is interdependent with the organizational
culture.
Three of the important components that influences of ethical decision making are
individual factors-individual factors that affect the ethical decision-making process include
personal moral philosophy, stage of moral development, motivation, and other personal factors
such as gender, age, and experience.
organizational relationships- The culture of the organization, as well as superiors, peers, and
subordinates, can have a significant impact on the ethical decision-making process.Superiors and
coworkers can create organizational pressure, which plays a key role in creating ethical issues.
and opportunity-Opportunity is a set of conditions that limit barriers or provide rewards. If an
individual takes advantage of an opportunity to act unethically and escapes punishment or gains
a reward, that person may repeat such acts when circumstances favor them.
organizational culture influenced the outcome of an ethical decision
Usually, the organizational culture is stabile and it implies fundamental principles, beliefs and
regulations which cannot be easily replaced. Therefore, the development of the organizational
culture on the basis of strong ethic principles would turn into a long term competitive
advantage.A positive organizational culture which is deeply implemented in the collective
mentality highlights the ethical component of the business, such as values, attitudes, beliefs and
moral behavioral regulations.
Business leader that you believe to be an ethical leader
Ethical leadership is leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values and for
the dignity and rights of others.Ethical leader keeps promises and commitments, maintains
loyalty to those not present. apologizes sincerely, acts with honesty, takes responsibility and
cleans up after mistakes.
Bohn Rawls, one of the most important ethical philosophers of the 20th century, makes a
distinction between comprehensive moral systems, such as religions, which cover not only
behavior, but such issues as humanity.
This document discusses the nature and purpose of ethical reflections. It defines ethics as dealing with ideas about good and bad behavior and moral principles that prescribe right and wrong conduct. It also discusses the characteristics of moral standards, including that they deal with matters that can seriously benefit or harm people, are not determined by any authority but the strength of reasons to support them, and are evaluated from a universal standpoint of impartiality. Business ethics refers to the principles and values that guide decision-making and behavior in business to avoid illegal or reputation-harming actions.
1
2
Final Project Proposal
Student
Professor
Class Info
Date
Final Project Proposal: Issue of controversy; Leadership
In these conceptions, there are problems however the main is defining what is right to the person defining it. Ethical behavior in this projects reflects a valuable system growing out of theological world view based on principles of justice, equity, the rights and needs oneself as well as of others, a sense of duty to the society, and its legitimate needs and standards. Ethical leaders have the moral identity and cognitive moral development that give them special characters.
Ethical leadership has various elements of making decisions and acting as well as leading ethically. Ethical leadership is both visible in the sense of how a leader works and treats others, how he behaves in public, his actions and statements: Invisible. In the aspects of the leader’s character, his procedure of decision-making, his mindset, the set of principles and values on which he draws, as well as his courageous ways of deciding during situations(Aristotle, 2014).
Discussion of how two or three philosophies or philosophers would describe the roots of the problem
It is morally correct to do the right thing even if it brings displeasure to other parties. Kant sees the world in a different perspective indicating that if something is morally good it should not have qualifications but in real life in order to achieve such statue we have to put energy to achieve this statue (Aristotle, 2014). Immanuel Kant moral philosophy has become part and parcel of our daily lives as it is a general alternative to utilitarianism. Ethics are an essential part of the philosophical and intellectual framework used to relate and understand the world. To be a leader one is a role model and this makes it an exception that all leaders ought to be ethical. Ethical leadership models ethical performance in the community and in an organization. Kant’s theory looks to achieve what should be done regardless of the consequence. Moral theory explains that there is no moral event in the world but rather goodwill: the will to do the right thing for the reason of doing the right thing
Discussion of the political or ethical theories that are in evidence in the controversy
The deontological theory is based on better decision making as persons should follow and adhere to obligations and duties and this will help resolve ethical dilemmas. Leaders are role models (Aristotle, 2014). If you want your organization or initiative – and those who work in it – to behave ethically, then it’s up to you to model ethical behavior. A leader that has a character of ethical behavior is a role model for other organizations as well as the community. Maintaining ethical leadership is vital and it lasts a lifetime
Utilitarianism theory seeks to be fair and just because it has the potential to foresee the consequences of an action. To create a role model an organization has to input the right set of skil.
This document discusses business ethics and ethical decision making. It defines ethics and ethical principles, and lists sources of ethics like religion, family, and education. It discusses ethical relativism and key reasons for businesses to act ethically, like meeting stakeholder demands, enhancing performance, complying with laws, preventing harm, and promoting personal morality. Common causes of unethical behavior are also outlined. The document then discusses core elements of ethical character in business like managers' values and stages of moral development. It concludes by analyzing ethical dilemmas using four methods: virtues, utilitarian, rights, and justice.
A Study On Importance Of Ethics In OrganizationsCheryl Brown
This document discusses the importance of ethics in organizations. It notes that while ethics are being neglected by some organizations seeking short-term profits, maintaining ethical practices is important for long-term success and reputation. The study aims to understand gaps between how organizations formulate ethics policies versus how they are implemented. It also seeks to understand how organizations can balance economic demands with ethical conduct. Maintaining transparency, accountability, and a culture that rewards ethical behavior can help organizations achieve this balance.
Managing ethics in the workplace has several benefits beyond just being the morally right thing to do. It can help organizations maintain their moral compass during times of change, cultivate strong teamwork and productivity by aligning employee behaviors with core values, and act as an insurance policy by helping to ensure policies and procedures are legal and ethical. Overall, ethics programs promote a strong public image, strengthen organizational culture, and improve trust within the organization.
The document discusses several concepts related to ethical leadership:
1. It outlines processes for creating and sustaining ethical organizational environments, including critical thinking skills, integrity, perspective-taking, and motivation to do right.
2. It analyzes the moral dimensions of transformational leadership theory and how shared moral purposes between leaders and followers can drive change.
3. It examines how role-modeling ethical behavior can influence organizational culture and how "moral talk" can be used to address dilemmas and shape environment.
4. It presents several ethical decision-making models that can guide resolving dilemmas, including Rest's four-component model and five principles of biomedical ethics.
The document discusses various types of ethics including professional ethics, business ethics, engineering ethics, personal ethics, and corporate ethics. It provides definitions and examples of each type. Professional ethics refer to guiding principles that professionals in a field should follow, such as honesty and trustworthiness. Engineering ethics examines the moral obligations of engineers to society. Personal ethics are moral principles that guide an individual's personal life. Business ethics ensure fair treatment of employees and ethical business practices. Corporate ethics refer to a company's environmental, social, and economic responsibilities.
The document discusses business ethics, normative ethics, descriptive ethics, and applied ethics. It defines each concept and provides examples. Business ethics examines ethical principles and problems that arise in business. Normative ethics investigates how people ought to act morally and includes virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and consequentialism. Descriptive ethics empirically studies people's actual moral beliefs and values. Applied ethics aims to identify the morally correct approach in various fields like bioethics, environmental ethics, and business ethics.
The document discusses business ethics, normative ethics, descriptive ethics, and applied ethics. It defines each concept and provides examples. Business ethics examines ethical principles and problems that arise in business. Normative ethics investigates how people ought to act morally and includes virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and consequentialism. Descriptive ethics empirically studies people's actual moral beliefs and values. Applied ethics aims to identify the morally correct approach in various fields like bioethics, environmental ethics, and business ethics.
Managing ethics mainly concerns the ethical quality of decisions made by organizational managers. The objective is to ensure managers, especially executives, behave ethically and make ethically correct decisions. There are various types of ethics dilemmas managers may face including those arising from interpersonal interactions, corporate policies, and functional areas. When analyzing ethical issues, managers should consider principles like human dignity, rights, justice, beneficence, cultural diversity, equity and environmental responsibility. The roles of ethical managers include honoring commitments, treating others with value, constant learning, thinking of win-win solutions, and following both the letter and spirit of laws. Organizational size and structure can impact how ethics are managed, as can balancing profitability with ethical behavior
This document discusses business ethics, defining it as the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct in business. It outlines three types of managerial ethics: moral, amoral, and immoral management. Moral management strives to follow ethical principles while succeeding, while immoral management ignores ethics and opposes ethical behavior to focus solely on profits. The document also discusses factors influencing ethical behavior, stages of moral development, best practices in ethics and compliance, characteristics of an ethical organization, and benefits of managing ethics in the workplace.
Planning, Negotiating & Implementation Assignment 2
Planning, Negotiating & Implementation Assignment
Treylesia L. Alston
School of Behavioral Science, Liberty University
Author Note
Treylesia L. Alston (L32443087)
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Treylesia L. Alston
Email: [email protected]
Assignment 3: Research Questions & Variables
You will identify a research topic, explain your research idea, construct possible research questions (1 or 2 questions), determine which variables you could potentially use for your research paper (you will need to have 1 dependent variable and 3 independent variables), and state your hypotheses. You will have to give your future survey (Assignment 4) to friends or family, so think about what you will be able to ask them and what information they will be able to provide. We will not survey or interview vulnerable populations (anyone under 18, prisoners, etc.). It is okay if your idea is still a work-in-progress!
PADM 610
Case Study: Human Resources Assignment Instructions
Overview
In this Case Study, you will apply the Statesmanship model discussed in Module 1: Week 1 to a real, specific public administration context. In other words, choose an organization that is dealing with Human Resource policies, strategies, and procedures. Next, apply the statesmanship model discussed Module 1: Week 1 to this situation. The overarching idea of statesmanship is the call for moral character. In the context of this assignment, how can this model be applied to the situation at hand?
You will apply the Statesmanship model needed to deal with challenges of human resources policies, strategies, and procedures. Remember to also discuss the importance of the following:
· Covenant of
hesed
· Covenant of ethics
· Performance Evaluation
· Statecraft
Instructions
· Case Study scenarios must be taken from documented (published) public administration contexts; no hypotheticals are allowed.
· You can focus on one public administration organization or may refer to a particular situation (well-documented by the research) that public administrators faced during an actual event(s).
· All ideas you should be supported with sound reason and citations from the required readings and presentations, and additional resources.
· Paper should be 4–5 double-spaced pages of content in length (this does not include title page or reference pages).
· Paper should be in current APA format.
· Headings should be included and must conform to the content categories listed (i.e., Covenant of
hesed, Covenant of ethics, Performance Evaluation, etc.).
· 3–5 additional scholarly sources must be used. They need to be scholarly and provide relevant public administration theory and practices.
· All required reading and presentations from the assigned reading ...
The document outlines the key topics in a chapter on social responsibility and ethics. It discusses classical and socioeconomic views of social responsibility, and how social obligation evolves into social responsiveness and responsibility. It examines research on the relationship between social involvement and economic performance. It also defines values-based management, managerial ethics, and how organizations can improve ethical behavior through codes of ethics, training, and leadership.
Explain in your own words why it is important to read a statistical .docxAlleneMcclendon878
Explain in your own words why it is important to read a statistical study carefully. Can you think of circumstance where it might be okay to misrepresent data?
Video Reflection 12 -
Do you think it is possible to create a study where there really is no bias sampling done? How would you manage to create one?
Video Reflection 13 -
What are your thoughts on statistics being misrepresented/ how does it make you feel? Why do you think the statistic are often presented in this way?
.
Explain how Matthew editedchanged Marks Gospel for each of the fol.docxAlleneMcclendon878
Explain how Matthew edited/changed Mark's Gospel for each of the following passages, and what reasons would he have had for doing that? What in Mk’s version was Mt trying to avoid – i.e., why he might have viewed Mk’s material as misleading, incorrect, or problematic? How did those changes contribute to Matthew’s overall message? How did that link up with other parts of Mt’s message?
Use both the following two sets of passages to support your claim, making use ONLY of the resources below, the Bible, textbooks and Module resources.
1. How did Matthew edit/change Mark 6:45-52 to produce Matthew 14:22-33 – and why?
2. How did Matthew edit/change Mark 9:2-10 to produce Matthew 17:1-13 – and why?
The paper should 350-750 words in length, double-spaced, and using MLA formatting for reference citations and bibliography. Submit the completed assignment to the appropriate Dropbox by
no later than Sunday 11:59 PM Eastern.
Resources for this paper:
See the ebook via SLU library:
New Testament History and Literature
by Martin (2012), pp. 83-88,105-108.
See the ebook via SLU library:
The Gospels
by Barton and Muddiman (2010), p. 53,56-57,102,109.
.
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Organizational ethics are shaped by an organization's culture, which includes its beliefs, practices, values, and attitudes. An ethical organizational culture promotes ethical behavior through formal and informal systems that encourage or discourage certain actions. Leaders play an important role in creating an ethical climate by developing clear codes of conduct, rules that are applied transparently, rewarding ethical actions and punishing unethical ones, and serving as role models for ethical behavior. However, efforts to promote an ethical culture also carry risks like bias and reducing employees' sense of autonomy if not implemented carefully. Overall, a strong ethical culture can motivate employees to behave ethically.
This document discusses the concepts of ethics and business ethics. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves examining concepts of right and wrong conduct and moral behavior in humans. Business ethics applies these ethical principles and frameworks to business behavior and decisions.
2. Business ethics is based on principles of integrity and fairness, and focuses on benefiting all stakeholders of a business, both internal and external. Stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, and society.
3. Implementing ethical practices in business can have benefits like creating rapport with the public, improving organizational effectiveness, promoting healthy competition, and benefiting all stakeholders of a business. Strong business ethics can ultimately help businesses succeed
Business ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct in business. It is based on principles of integrity and fairness and concentrates on benefits to stakeholders, both internal and external. Some key factors that influence business ethics include leadership, corporate culture, strategy and performance, environmental factors, and individual characteristics. There are also different types of ethics considered in business such as transactional ethics, participatory ethics, and recognition ethics.
This document provides a review of Indian philosophy and business ethics. It discusses how ethics was once seen as irrelevant to business but is now seen as critical to success. It explores the meaning of business ethics in the context of major Indian philosophical traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Arthashastra. The paper is divided into sections on the characteristics of Indian philosophy and ethics, management ethos in these traditions, relevance to modern governance, and individual ethics. Overall, it aims to establish links between ancient Indian ethics and modern business ethics concepts.
Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.
Relationships v/s Money.
Forgiveness.
Protecting the weak.
Equality of race and creed.
After Ravana was killed SriRama asks Vibhishana, Ravana’s brother to perform the final rites for Ravana.
Rama then commands Lakshmana to coronate Vibhishana as the king of Lanka with the help of Sugriva and others.
He orders Vibhishana to reward the monkey army with gold and gemstones for their valor displayed in warfare.
Hanuma keeps back mountain sanjeevini in its original place.
Organizational ethics refers to applying moral choices guided by values and principles to organizational activities. An ethical organization has fairness, responsibility, purpose, and ease interacting with diverse stakeholders. Ethical ground rules foster honesty, responsibility, fairness, and participation. Managing ethics improves society, productivity, meaning, policies, reputation, and trust. Leaders are responsible for creating ethical organizations by confronting operational goals with moral obligations. Leaders must consider impacted values and interests and avoid harm. Building ethics requires leaders to develop influences, integrity, values, training, and plans for excellence. An organization's ethics reflect its leaders' ethics and skills.
Examine the major influences that organizational culture can have on.pdfakilastationarymdu
Examine the major influences that organizational culture can have on organizational ethical
decision making. From your personal experience in your current or past organization, provide
one (1) example of how organizational culture influenced the outcome of an ethical decision.
Note: Please do not identify workplaces or leaders by name.
Use the Internet to research a business leader that you believe to be an ethical leader. Next,
examine the key traits and actions that the selected leader demonstrates in order to influence a
positive ethical culture in the organization. Suggest two (2) actions that a company could take in
order to achieve a positive ethical culture.
Solution
Ethics are priciple and values used by an individual to govern his actions and decisions.
Organizational ethics is an ethics of organizational and and it is how an organization responds to
an internal or external stimulus. Organizational ethics is interdependent with the organizational
culture.
Three of the important components that influences of ethical decision making are
individual factors-individual factors that affect the ethical decision-making process include
personal moral philosophy, stage of moral development, motivation, and other personal factors
such as gender, age, and experience.
organizational relationships- The culture of the organization, as well as superiors, peers, and
subordinates, can have a significant impact on the ethical decision-making process.Superiors and
coworkers can create organizational pressure, which plays a key role in creating ethical issues.
and opportunity-Opportunity is a set of conditions that limit barriers or provide rewards. If an
individual takes advantage of an opportunity to act unethically and escapes punishment or gains
a reward, that person may repeat such acts when circumstances favor them.
organizational culture influenced the outcome of an ethical decision
Usually, the organizational culture is stabile and it implies fundamental principles, beliefs and
regulations which cannot be easily replaced. Therefore, the development of the organizational
culture on the basis of strong ethic principles would turn into a long term competitive
advantage.A positive organizational culture which is deeply implemented in the collective
mentality highlights the ethical component of the business, such as values, attitudes, beliefs and
moral behavioral regulations.
Business leader that you believe to be an ethical leader
Ethical leadership is leadership that is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values and for
the dignity and rights of others.Ethical leader keeps promises and commitments, maintains
loyalty to those not present. apologizes sincerely, acts with honesty, takes responsibility and
cleans up after mistakes.
Bohn Rawls, one of the most important ethical philosophers of the 20th century, makes a
distinction between comprehensive moral systems, such as religions, which cover not only
behavior, but such issues as humanity.
This document discusses the nature and purpose of ethical reflections. It defines ethics as dealing with ideas about good and bad behavior and moral principles that prescribe right and wrong conduct. It also discusses the characteristics of moral standards, including that they deal with matters that can seriously benefit or harm people, are not determined by any authority but the strength of reasons to support them, and are evaluated from a universal standpoint of impartiality. Business ethics refers to the principles and values that guide decision-making and behavior in business to avoid illegal or reputation-harming actions.
1
2
Final Project Proposal
Student
Professor
Class Info
Date
Final Project Proposal: Issue of controversy; Leadership
In these conceptions, there are problems however the main is defining what is right to the person defining it. Ethical behavior in this projects reflects a valuable system growing out of theological world view based on principles of justice, equity, the rights and needs oneself as well as of others, a sense of duty to the society, and its legitimate needs and standards. Ethical leaders have the moral identity and cognitive moral development that give them special characters.
Ethical leadership has various elements of making decisions and acting as well as leading ethically. Ethical leadership is both visible in the sense of how a leader works and treats others, how he behaves in public, his actions and statements: Invisible. In the aspects of the leader’s character, his procedure of decision-making, his mindset, the set of principles and values on which he draws, as well as his courageous ways of deciding during situations(Aristotle, 2014).
Discussion of how two or three philosophies or philosophers would describe the roots of the problem
It is morally correct to do the right thing even if it brings displeasure to other parties. Kant sees the world in a different perspective indicating that if something is morally good it should not have qualifications but in real life in order to achieve such statue we have to put energy to achieve this statue (Aristotle, 2014). Immanuel Kant moral philosophy has become part and parcel of our daily lives as it is a general alternative to utilitarianism. Ethics are an essential part of the philosophical and intellectual framework used to relate and understand the world. To be a leader one is a role model and this makes it an exception that all leaders ought to be ethical. Ethical leadership models ethical performance in the community and in an organization. Kant’s theory looks to achieve what should be done regardless of the consequence. Moral theory explains that there is no moral event in the world but rather goodwill: the will to do the right thing for the reason of doing the right thing
Discussion of the political or ethical theories that are in evidence in the controversy
The deontological theory is based on better decision making as persons should follow and adhere to obligations and duties and this will help resolve ethical dilemmas. Leaders are role models (Aristotle, 2014). If you want your organization or initiative – and those who work in it – to behave ethically, then it’s up to you to model ethical behavior. A leader that has a character of ethical behavior is a role model for other organizations as well as the community. Maintaining ethical leadership is vital and it lasts a lifetime
Utilitarianism theory seeks to be fair and just because it has the potential to foresee the consequences of an action. To create a role model an organization has to input the right set of skil.
This document discusses business ethics and ethical decision making. It defines ethics and ethical principles, and lists sources of ethics like religion, family, and education. It discusses ethical relativism and key reasons for businesses to act ethically, like meeting stakeholder demands, enhancing performance, complying with laws, preventing harm, and promoting personal morality. Common causes of unethical behavior are also outlined. The document then discusses core elements of ethical character in business like managers' values and stages of moral development. It concludes by analyzing ethical dilemmas using four methods: virtues, utilitarian, rights, and justice.
A Study On Importance Of Ethics In OrganizationsCheryl Brown
This document discusses the importance of ethics in organizations. It notes that while ethics are being neglected by some organizations seeking short-term profits, maintaining ethical practices is important for long-term success and reputation. The study aims to understand gaps between how organizations formulate ethics policies versus how they are implemented. It also seeks to understand how organizations can balance economic demands with ethical conduct. Maintaining transparency, accountability, and a culture that rewards ethical behavior can help organizations achieve this balance.
Managing ethics in the workplace has several benefits beyond just being the morally right thing to do. It can help organizations maintain their moral compass during times of change, cultivate strong teamwork and productivity by aligning employee behaviors with core values, and act as an insurance policy by helping to ensure policies and procedures are legal and ethical. Overall, ethics programs promote a strong public image, strengthen organizational culture, and improve trust within the organization.
The document discusses several concepts related to ethical leadership:
1. It outlines processes for creating and sustaining ethical organizational environments, including critical thinking skills, integrity, perspective-taking, and motivation to do right.
2. It analyzes the moral dimensions of transformational leadership theory and how shared moral purposes between leaders and followers can drive change.
3. It examines how role-modeling ethical behavior can influence organizational culture and how "moral talk" can be used to address dilemmas and shape environment.
4. It presents several ethical decision-making models that can guide resolving dilemmas, including Rest's four-component model and five principles of biomedical ethics.
The document discusses various types of ethics including professional ethics, business ethics, engineering ethics, personal ethics, and corporate ethics. It provides definitions and examples of each type. Professional ethics refer to guiding principles that professionals in a field should follow, such as honesty and trustworthiness. Engineering ethics examines the moral obligations of engineers to society. Personal ethics are moral principles that guide an individual's personal life. Business ethics ensure fair treatment of employees and ethical business practices. Corporate ethics refer to a company's environmental, social, and economic responsibilities.
The document discusses business ethics, normative ethics, descriptive ethics, and applied ethics. It defines each concept and provides examples. Business ethics examines ethical principles and problems that arise in business. Normative ethics investigates how people ought to act morally and includes virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and consequentialism. Descriptive ethics empirically studies people's actual moral beliefs and values. Applied ethics aims to identify the morally correct approach in various fields like bioethics, environmental ethics, and business ethics.
The document discusses business ethics, normative ethics, descriptive ethics, and applied ethics. It defines each concept and provides examples. Business ethics examines ethical principles and problems that arise in business. Normative ethics investigates how people ought to act morally and includes virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and consequentialism. Descriptive ethics empirically studies people's actual moral beliefs and values. Applied ethics aims to identify the morally correct approach in various fields like bioethics, environmental ethics, and business ethics.
Managing ethics mainly concerns the ethical quality of decisions made by organizational managers. The objective is to ensure managers, especially executives, behave ethically and make ethically correct decisions. There are various types of ethics dilemmas managers may face including those arising from interpersonal interactions, corporate policies, and functional areas. When analyzing ethical issues, managers should consider principles like human dignity, rights, justice, beneficence, cultural diversity, equity and environmental responsibility. The roles of ethical managers include honoring commitments, treating others with value, constant learning, thinking of win-win solutions, and following both the letter and spirit of laws. Organizational size and structure can impact how ethics are managed, as can balancing profitability with ethical behavior
This document discusses business ethics, defining it as the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct in business. It outlines three types of managerial ethics: moral, amoral, and immoral management. Moral management strives to follow ethical principles while succeeding, while immoral management ignores ethics and opposes ethical behavior to focus solely on profits. The document also discusses factors influencing ethical behavior, stages of moral development, best practices in ethics and compliance, characteristics of an ethical organization, and benefits of managing ethics in the workplace.
Planning, Negotiating & Implementation Assignment 2
Planning, Negotiating & Implementation Assignment
Treylesia L. Alston
School of Behavioral Science, Liberty University
Author Note
Treylesia L. Alston (L32443087)
I have no known conflict of interest to disclose.
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Treylesia L. Alston
Email: [email protected]
Assignment 3: Research Questions & Variables
You will identify a research topic, explain your research idea, construct possible research questions (1 or 2 questions), determine which variables you could potentially use for your research paper (you will need to have 1 dependent variable and 3 independent variables), and state your hypotheses. You will have to give your future survey (Assignment 4) to friends or family, so think about what you will be able to ask them and what information they will be able to provide. We will not survey or interview vulnerable populations (anyone under 18, prisoners, etc.). It is okay if your idea is still a work-in-progress!
PADM 610
Case Study: Human Resources Assignment Instructions
Overview
In this Case Study, you will apply the Statesmanship model discussed in Module 1: Week 1 to a real, specific public administration context. In other words, choose an organization that is dealing with Human Resource policies, strategies, and procedures. Next, apply the statesmanship model discussed Module 1: Week 1 to this situation. The overarching idea of statesmanship is the call for moral character. In the context of this assignment, how can this model be applied to the situation at hand?
You will apply the Statesmanship model needed to deal with challenges of human resources policies, strategies, and procedures. Remember to also discuss the importance of the following:
· Covenant of
hesed
· Covenant of ethics
· Performance Evaluation
· Statecraft
Instructions
· Case Study scenarios must be taken from documented (published) public administration contexts; no hypotheticals are allowed.
· You can focus on one public administration organization or may refer to a particular situation (well-documented by the research) that public administrators faced during an actual event(s).
· All ideas you should be supported with sound reason and citations from the required readings and presentations, and additional resources.
· Paper should be 4–5 double-spaced pages of content in length (this does not include title page or reference pages).
· Paper should be in current APA format.
· Headings should be included and must conform to the content categories listed (i.e., Covenant of
hesed, Covenant of ethics, Performance Evaluation, etc.).
· 3–5 additional scholarly sources must be used. They need to be scholarly and provide relevant public administration theory and practices.
· All required reading and presentations from the assigned reading ...
The document outlines the key topics in a chapter on social responsibility and ethics. It discusses classical and socioeconomic views of social responsibility, and how social obligation evolves into social responsiveness and responsibility. It examines research on the relationship between social involvement and economic performance. It also defines values-based management, managerial ethics, and how organizations can improve ethical behavior through codes of ethics, training, and leadership.
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A.Construct
a hypothesis
Give a hypothesis on the function of your gene SHAKER is in Aedesaegypti.
B.Design
an experiment to test your hypothesis.
Include a
labeled
sketch and written summary of experiment. (
include drawing of all conditions
, negative/positive etc)
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List Control variable
List a Positive and /or Negative controls
D.
Create a
data
set
and figure
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The following facts pertain to a noncancelable lease agreement between Windsor Leasing Company and Sheridan Company, a lessee.
Inception date:
May 1, 2017
Annual lease payment due at the beginning of
each year, beginning with May 1, 2017
$21,737.01
Bargain-purchase option price at end of lease term
$3,800
Lease term
5
years
Economic life of leased equipment
10
years
Lessor’s cost
$68,000
Fair value of asset at May 1, 2017
$93,000
Lessor’s implicit rate
10
%
Lessee’s incremental borrowing rate
10
%
The collectibility of the lease payments is reasonably predictable, and there are no important uncertainties surrounding the costs yet to be incurred by the lessor. The lessee assumes responsibility for all executory costs.
Click here to view factor tables
(c)
Your answer is partially correct. Try again.
Prepare a lease amortization schedule for Sheridan Company for the 5-year lease term.
(Round present value factor calculations to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25125 and Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.)
SHERIDAN COMPANY (Lessee)
Lease Amortization Schedule
Date
Annual Lease Payment Plus
BPO
Interest on
Liability
Reduction of Lease
Liability
Lease Liability
5/1/17
$
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record depreciation.)
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record interest.)
1/1/18
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record second payament.)
Question 27
Pearl Corporation manufactures replicators. On January 1, 2017, it leased to Althaus Company a replicator that had cost $100,000 to manufacture. The lease agreement covers the 5-year useful life of the replicator and requires 5 equal annual rentals of $40,200 payable each January 1, beginning January 1, 2017. An interest rate of 12% is implicit in the lease agreement. Collectibility of the rentals is reasonably assured, and there are no important uncertainties concerning costs.
Prepare Pearl’s January 1, 2017, journal entries.
(Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Round present value factor calculations to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and the final answer to 0 decimal places e.g. 58,971
.
)
Click here to view factor tables
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
January 1, 2017
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record the lease.)
January 1, 2017
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record cost.)
January 1, 2017
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
[removed]
(To record first lease payment.)
6 years ago
16.01.2017
8
Report Issue
Answer
(
0
)
Bids
(
0
)
other Questions
(
10
)
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CONSIDERATIONS ON MANAGERIAL ETHICS IN SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS
1. CONSIDERATIONS ON MANAGERIAL ETHICS IN
SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS
Lecturer PhD Mihai Constantin Razvan BARBU
University of Craiova
Email: [email protected]
Associate professor PhD Liviu CRACIUN
University of Craiova
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
The scholarly literature in the ethics field approaches the
ethical
management issue in different areas such as accounting, retail,
banking,
public institutions or private companies. The subject of sports
managers’
ethics is not very well highlighted in the national literature, as
"sports
industry" is constantly evolving. Sports have a strong impact on
the national
culture, influencing the values of millions of spectators and
participants. The
definition of sports given by the Council of Europe is "all forms
of physical
activity which, through more or less organized participation,
aim at
expressing or improving physical and psychological condition,
the
development of social relationships or obtaining positive results
2. in all levels
competitions". In this paper we conducted a study on
managerial ethics tools
within sports clubs. The used methodology involved the
intersection of the
main current stage of knowledge and the formulation of new
judgments. The
study identified and highlighted the major role of the manager
of sports clubs
in providing the framework for the manifestation of ethical
behaviors.
Keywords: managerial ethics, sport organizations, ethical tools
1. Introduction
Ethics represents the code of
principles and moral values that
governs the behavior of a person or
group, of what is right or wrong. Human
action may fall within one of three
areas, which differ in the amount of
explicit control existing at that level: the
law, the ethics and the free choice of
each individual. Exercised control is
high in law field, decreasing a lot when
talking about individual freedom of
taking decisions about oneself.
Between the two poles, there is the
ethics field, which, although not legally
regulated, has standards of behavior
based on moral values and principles
guiding the behavior of individuals and
organizations. Since ethical standards
3. are not coded, problems often arise
about what is right.
Another important concept is that
of the ethical dilemma: a situation that
occurs when all alternatives are
considered undesirable due to potential
negative consequences, making difficult
to distinguish between right and wrong.
The individual who must decide in the
situation of an ethical dilemma is known
in the literature as a moral agent. The
manager of sport organizations is that
kind of moral agent, being confronted in
its decision-making and leadership
activity with ethical issues.
2. Literature Review
Crăciun (2005) presents the main
standard ethical theories: the ethics of
virtues, utilitarianism and ethics of duty.
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
60
The ethics of virtues is the updated
version of the ideas presented by
Aristotle in Nicomachen Ethics. In the
work of Aristotle, it the distinction is
4. made between the aim-values,
appreciated for themselves (happiness)
and mean-values, appreciated for the
higher purposes to which they
contribute.
In terms of management, the
manager who acts in the spirit of this
theory will seek to obtain long term
profit by making judicious and
documented decisions. The Aristotelian
ethics is not based on moral norms, but
on the individuals’ virtues: courage,
truth, honor, etc. This approach in
managerial ethics emphasizes the
morality of the manager, whose activity
is focused on social responsibility and
altruism, and who adopts honorable
decisions.
The Utilitarianism (teleological
theory) was initiated by the nineteenth-
century philosophers, Jeremy Bentham
(1784-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-
1873), and considers as a moral
behavior that attitude and action that
produces positive effects for a large
number of people. Thus, in the
perspective of this utilitarian approach,
the manager should take those
decisions, which have a favorable
impact for most individuals.
The ethics of duty (Kantian
deontological theory) continues the
moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant
5. (1724-1804); so, according to Kant, the
positive finality of a behaviour is not
sufficient for an act to be considered
moral. If, according to utilitarian current,
the intentions, means or purposes of an
individual do no matter, but the result,
for the ethics of duty, these are more
important. If the positive result is
achieved by accident or because of
selfish reasons, ethical duty does not
appreciate that behavior as being moral.
Therefore, the manager must be
animated in decisions-making and
actions by positive intentions, which
also should lead to positive results.
Another popular deontological
theory is that of justice or fundamental
moral rights (Sharma and Bhal, 2004).
This approach requires that the
manager’s decisions should be based
on standards of equity, fairness and
impartiality. There are three types of
justice (righteousness): distributive,
procedural and compensatory.
The Distributive justice requires
that the differential treatment of people
should not be based on arbitrary
characteristics. Similar individuals in
terms of the approached subject should
be treated equally. If individuals are
different, then the treatment is different,
but equal. According to this theory, the
manager must provide equal wage to
6. employees who perform equal work,
regardless of gender, age, ethnicity,
religion or other differences
The Procedural justice involves
establishing clear rules, a consistent
and impartial enforcement of them, in a
word, a proper management. The
Compensatory justice requires that
individuals should receive a
compensation of the cost of damages
from the responsible person. Individuals
should not be held responsible for
problems over which they do not have
control. Thus, managers must provide
compensation to persons who have
been discriminated in the organization
they administrate, whether the act was
intentional or not.
Understanding these different
approaches of managerial ethics is only
a first step; managers must also learn to
apply them effectively. The approaches
provide general principles that
managers may deem necessary in the
process of decision-making in
accordance with moral norms.
3. The Role of Ethics in
Sports Organizations
The importance of ethics, both
conceptually and applied to sports
7. Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
61
organizations and for participants in
sport activity consists of the favorable
consequences that appear on long
term, pursuant to the adoption of some
behaviors, attitudes and decisions
which include moral principles.
One of the most important roles in
developing and maintaining an ethical
climate in the sports organization is the
sports manager. His decisions have an
impact on employees and affiliates
athletes, but also on the community and
the way it perceives the organization in
terms of compliance with the standards
and ethics.
The manager can be a model of
behavior and attitude for his employees,
having the ability to create or influence
the organizational culture of the
administered institution. Melé (2011)
explains in his book Management
Ethics: Placing Ethics at the Core of
Good Management, the need of ethics
in effectively exercising the
management attributes. Thus, the role
8. of ethics doesn’t lie in avoiding what is
bad or wrong, but doing what is right
and with benefits for all participants.
In the conception of the author,
management is a mix of traits and skills
related to art (vision), science
(analysis), experience and morality
(ideas and values). The four aspects of
management are illustrated in Figure 1:
ETHOS
(ideas and values)
ARTS
(vision)
ABILITY
(experience)
SCIENCE
(analysis)
Management
Figure 1. Aspects of management
Source: Melé (2011, Management Ethics: Placing Ethics at the
Core of Good
Management, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 10
9. One can note the increase of the
importance of ethics in modern
management, as opposed to the
traditional approach according to which
management is art and science. Ethical
principles and their integration in the
management of an activity, whether
economic, social or sports-like, are a
current concern of an effective manager
and leader. Ethical management in
sports organizations can create new
models and practices of management
and leadership.
The role of sports ethics is
reflected in the following benefits
brought to participants: humanizing the
field; creating a climate of trust,
transparency and openness;
encouraging loyalty; strengthening the
moral habit in the organization;
encouraging the responsibility of being
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
62
effective and moral; the development of
an ethical organizational culture.
10. Loyalty, for example, brings
employees close to the organization
they belong. The manager, coaches
and athletes are identified in terms of
values with the sports organization they
belong to, so that the fluctuations in the
personnel structure are less obvious
than in environments in which ethics is
not appreciated.
Ethics should be considered an
integrant part of management decision-
making process, as managers should
be constantly concerned about
maintaining the ethical integrity of the
organization which they administrate.
Implementing ethics at the
organizational level is achieved by
displaying ethics on the three pillars,
which reflect the importance of morality
at all levels (Fig. 2).
Figure 2. Pillars of ethical organization
Source: Klebe Treviño L., Pincus Hartman L., Brown M.
(2000), Moral Person
and Moral Manager, California Management Review 42, No. 4,
Summer 2000, pp.
128–142
The individuals’ ethics, the
manager’s ethics and the ethics at the
11. level of the structure and systems of the
organization contribute to a general
ethical climate and to the development
of an ethical culture within the
organization. The central pillar is that of
the leadership level, because the ethical
manager is a model for other individuals
(first pillar), which adopt a similar
behavior.
The ethical leadership is focused
on rewarding ethical behavior and
punishing unethical behavior, showing
employees that compliance with
morality matters in the organization.
Also, the manager is the one that
implements an ethics management
system through various tools (third
pillar).
4. Tools of Ethics
Management
The importance and the role of
ethics in an organization have led to a
new branch of management, namely the
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
63
12. management of ethics, which differ from
the ethical management.
Thus, there are many definitions
of the concept of ethics management in
the national and international scholarly
literature. As Mureşan notes in his
paper The Management of Ethics within
organizations (2009), the
institutionalization by law of the ethics
management in Romania does not
exist.
The author defines ethics
management as the overall activities
and measures that aim the institutional
organization of ethics, in order to create
integrity organizations (Mureşan, 2009,
p. 39). On the other hand, the concept
of ethics of management regards the
study and control of various ethical
issues arising in the management of the
activity of the organization.
Kaptein (1998) defines ethics
management as a systematic and
coherent development of the activities,
but also adopting measures in order to
achieve the fundamental and justified
expectations of stakeholders (interested
parties) and to balance conflicts. In
short, Menzel (2012) believes that
ethics management represents the
promotion and maintenance of a strong
ethical culture at the workplace.
13. In small organizations, the ethics
management is delegated at global
level, not being the appanage of a
particular manager. However, large
organizations consider that ethical
initiatives should be coordinated by a
manager who should handle the actual
ethics implementation and application of
appropriate tools.
The main tools of ethics
management, discussed in the scholarly
literature, are:
• ethics boards and committees
• codes of conduct and codes of
ethics
• ethics audit
• ethics training programs
• telephone support in order to
highlight ethical issues
• whistle blowing mechanism
• specific policies and
procedures (policies on gender equality,
data confidentiality, etc..)
Ethics boards and committees
deal with the development of ethics
policy, the evaluation of the actions of
employees, but also the investigation
and punishment of violations of
14. regulations and codes of ethics. In
some organizations, ethics is managed
by a committee which includes the top-
level managers, for the existing
functional areas.
These ethics committees provide
the organization with the strategic
direction on ethical issues and the
appropriate behavior in certain
situations. The members of these ethics
committees are: the committee
chairman and the specialist members of
the organization’s main functional areas
(human resources, accounting,
communication, audit, finance, etc.).
According to Soltani (2004), the
duty of such committee is the
implementation and control of the ethics
management programme, the
elaboration of ethics policies and
procedures, and ethical problems
solving.
Mureşan (2009) summarizes the
main features that these ethics
committees meet:
• elaboration and development of
the deontological code of the institution
• regular assessment of the
institution’s policies in terms of ethics
and policy updates
15. • training and maintenance of
ethical organizational culture
• moral counseling or consulting
• participation of staff in ethical
education programs and provision of a
good image of the organization under
moral aspect
• protection of rights, safety and
welfare of the members of the institution
The key question that arises
referring to these ethical committees
concerns to the ethical expertise of its
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
64
members. The ethics expert must have
the necessary training and experience
in order to analyze the moral situations
better than others. In this respect, one
can rely on standard ethical theories
outlined over time.
The codes of ethics represent the
specification of norms and beliefs of an
organization and the values to be
followed by employees and managers.
According to Soltani (2004), these are:
16. trust, loyalty, friendship, obligation
fulfillment, etc. In the literature,
sometimes the concepts of code of
ethics, respectively code of conduct are
used alternately and confused.
According to a general
understanding at the EU official
documents level (Moilanen and
Salminen, 2006, p 1), the code of ethics
has an aspirational character, of
presentation of moral values to be
respected. The code of conduct
combines the principles of ethics with
the expected actions in a given
situation. The comparative report of the
two authors in the EU Member States
reveals significant differences in the
perception and understanding of the
codes of ethics.
The codes of ethics should be
created through the collaboration of
representatives of all employees, so
that the compliance of moral principles
to be made voluntary, without being
considered an external imposition.
These codes should be created and
then managed, meaning that measures
should be taken for their effective
implementation and for their continuous
update and adaptation to the evolution
of the organization, obligation which
comes to the ethics committee.
Schwarts (2002) highlights the
17. requirements that an effective code of
ethics should meet: meeting the moral
standards of trust, respect,
responsibility, equity, care, in order to
avoid damages and the civic spirit of
compliance of law, environment and
other individuals.
The author also presents the way
to implement the code, through
distribution, training and the role of
model of managers. The management
of the code of ethics is made by
imposing (by setting penalties),
protection of those who report ethical
violations and monitoring of the
implementation and compliance with the
principles included in the code.
In sport, the Council of Europe
adopted in 1992 and revised in 2001 the
code of sport ethics, one of the strategic
documents recognized worldwide. This
code promotes fair play among young
sportsmen, through educational and
preventive measures, in order to
strengthen the ethical climate. It
encourages the dissemination of best
practices for promoting diversity in sport
and combats all forms of discrimination.
Analyzing the ethical codes of
various sports federations in Romania
(Romanian Federation of Judo,
Romanian Federation of Boxing or
Romanian Federation of Sports for
18. Persons with Disabilities), we noticed
that these include the main moral
values in sport, rules for participants
(athletes, coaches, referees, etc.),
applied sanctions, implementation
methods.
The ethics audit is the process
through which the ethical climate of the
organization is assessed, the way in
which moral values and principles are
stated, implemented and managed by
the responsibles for ethics issues
(ethics committees and boards).
According to Kaptein (1998, p 62), the
ethics audit performs the following
functions: descriptive (by describing the
current state of morality), normative
(emphasizing a desired, ideal situation),
identification of gaps (moral gap
between the desired and the real
situation), sanctioning (by providing
information about the breach of
regulations) and evaluative (ethical
climate evolution or deterioration).
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
65
The permanent ethical audit is the
means used in order to monitor the
implementation of the code of ethics in
19. the organization and is a component of
its administration by the board of ethics
(Schwartz, 2002).
Ethics training programs help
employees to deal with ethical issues
and to understand the values shown in
the code of ethical under a common
behavior. Basically, these programs
complement the code of ethics of the
organization. Sometimes, these
programs take the form of meetings,
during which the mode of action to be
adopted in case of ethical dilemma or
conflict is discussed.
According to Mureşan (2009),
ethics training is an intensive formative
process, strongly influenced by the
specific of the organization. In our
country, the organization of these
programs of moral training of the
employee is rare compared to other
countries, where considerable amounts
are invested in training the employees’
morality, the public system not
excepted.
The author approaches the two
models used in training programs: that
of compliance, based on compliance
with laws and regulations (current
model) and that of integrity, based on
the creation and development of a
moral consciousness, in harmony with
the ethos of the organization. Methods
20. specific to the models of compliance are
occasional conferences, seminars,
training sessions through dilemmas,
videos and online ethics self-training. In
the integrity model, the training of
characters through teaching strategies
is emphasized.
The telephone line for the report of
ethical problems and consultation in
case of moral dilemmas is another
important tool in ethics management. It
is better for the employees, if this
method is managed by someone
outside the organization (legal
counselor, ethics officer, etc.).
The whistle-blowing phenomenon
consists in the disclosure of the illegal,
immoral and illegitimate practices by
employees. Organizations can not rely
solely on ethical structures and codes of
ethics in order to prevent immoral
behavior. The employees who refer
such matters, address to people outside
the organization (media, agencies,
people in the legal environment, etc.)
(Ogarcă 2009, p. 105).
The organizations must
understand that this phenomenon is
positive for maintaining the ethical
climate at a high level. Therefore,
employees should be encouraged to
disclose the problems found within the
organization through confidential
21. telephone lines.
The phenomenon has grown in
recent years, but more often, whistle-
blowers do no beneficiate of protection,
they lose their jobs, they are seen as
unfair by colleagues or demoted from
their positions. Managers must be
prepared to see in these people an
advantage for the organization and not
a threat and to develop systems of
effective protection for them.
Specific policies and procedures
are used by organizations in order to
facilitate the implementation of moral
values in the code of ethics. These
policies should be constantly updated, a
process to which the members of the
organisation are due to participate.
Such policies relate to gender equality,
non-discrimination, conflict of interests,
data confidentiality, policy in case of
receiving and giving gifts, environmental
protection, etc. Procedures point a
behavior pattern when the employee is
in an ethical dilemma, but also the
sanctions associated with committed
violations.
The sports organization must
adopt the corporate governance
principles. The corporate governance
framework should ensure the equitable
treatment of all shareholders, including
minority and foreign shareholders. All
22. Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
66
shareholders should have the
opportunity to obtain effective redress
for violation of their rights (Bocean &
Barbu, 2007, p. 127).
All these tools, methods and
principles should be known, understood
and applied by the ethical management
of the organizations, in order to ensure
a healthy, strong and stable ethical
climate. In Romania, the theoretical and
especially the practical framework of the
management of ethics is at an early
stage, many organizations not even
knowing the concept. The importance
and the role of ethics in the society and
organizations (including sports ones)
require the study of ethics, training in
ethics management and ethical
expertise formation.
5. Ethics of the Sports Clubs
Manager
Sports clubs managers face many
ethical dilemmas in their relationships
23. with athletes, coaches, referees,
athletes’ parents, fans, in the personnel
recruitment, selection of athletes,
organization of sports competitions, etc.
As mentioned, the ethical issues which
a sports manager has to cope with are:
discrimination, violence in sport, doping,
taking advantage of athletes, rigging the
results, employing on criteria other than
competence, verbal or physical
harassment, financial engineering, etc.
The sports club manager is judged
and valued by employees and athletes,
both in terms of his professional skills
and the ethical valences. Manager’s
actions and decisions are dependent on
his own values and beliefs. Thus, the
recruitment of a sportsman belonging to
another club may be considered by
some as immoral, while the manager
can justify it ethically through the
interest of the club he manages.
According to Robinson (2010),
there are issues not having a wrong or
right answer, but the manager’s way of
doing it in a specific way provides a
clear picture of its ethical profile.
DeSensi and Rosenberg (2003)
highlight the following factors which
have led to an increase in non-ethical
attitudes and behaviors among
managers of sports clubs:
24. • overestimation of success,
as measured by extrinsic rewards
(trophies, scholarships, income growth).
To achieve this objective, some
managers encourage unethical behavior
(rigging the results or use of prohibited
substances by athletes).
• seeking prestige and
material rewards. Success leads to
image, prestige and recognition. A
successful sports club can attract more
and better players, increasing
sponsorships, and improving the
facilities offered. The manager is not the
only one to win, but also are the
coaches, athletes, their families and
other employees.
• self-interest. Decisions are
taken by unethical managers to better
serve their purpose. This behavior can
become a habit in the club managed by
them, because the manager is a model
for employees, even in matters of
morality. By perpetuating the leader’s
attitude and behavior, sportsmen may
leave the club in favor of another,
regardless of loyalty and other ethical
principles. Similarly, coaches, referees
or sports clubs managers can turn to
those organizations that offer more
benefits and higher income.
This pressure of inner impulses
requires an ethical training of sports
25. clubs managers, so that they behave
ethically, understand and assimilate the
moral principles and know what to do
and what decisions to take when faced
with an ethical dilemma.
A good sports manager must have
extensive knowledge of sports,
educational training, especially in sports
administration, professional attitude, in
addition to personal attributes such as
intelligence, honesty, flexibility, integrity,
honesty, leadership skills and a sincere
interest in the sports management
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
67
process. He must communicate clearly
and effectively, without hiding
information or conducts (Gîrboveanu
2005, pp. 59-61).
One of the ethical issues in sport
management refers to violence, abuse
or exploitation of underage athletes.
The manager’s responsibility concerns
not only his behavior directly to the
athletes, but also the supervision of
other employees working with younger
players (e.g., coaches). The existence
of violence in sport is a failure of
26. leadership coupled with lack of will,
rather than a lack of awareness of the
seriousness of the phenomenon
(Brackenridge, 2001).
A sports club manager activity is
assessed in terms of measures taken to
prevent and, if case of violations, to
punish violence, harassment,
discrimination, doping or pressure on
athletes. The manager must encourage
and promote the principle of
sportsmanship, of fair play and equality
among athletes, regardless of gender,
age, ethnicity, religion or health
problems.
The manager of a sports club must
be continuously train, throughout life.
The continuous professional training
represents a means of economic
development, of social progress and
insurance against stalemate, of losing
the job and the maladjustment of the
individual to occupy a new job (Niţă
2007, p. 24).
The club manager must ensure
equal employment opportunities,
without using other criteria than those of
competence and professionalism.
Experience has shown the occurrence
of many cases where recruitment is
made preferentially in favor of
acquaintances or persons, who in turn
can provide benefits and privileges.
27. A serious problem in sports is the
pressure on athletes to take
performance. These pressures made by
the manager, directly or indirectly, may
cause athletes to behave morally wrong
and to use banned substances, which
increase their potential.
The use of these substances or
the use of banned methods are not risky
only because they lower the ethical
level inside the sports club, but also
through their impact on the physical and
mental health of those resorting to
them. More serious is the emergence of
new substances and new methods that
help increase performance, but that do
not appear on international lists.
The manager must ensure and
maintain the reputation and image of
the sport organization. Clubs having
performances based on work become
strong brands. The branding of a sports
club aims to provide an identity to that
club, which on a long term basis can
lead to an increase in the fans base and
revenues from merchandising activities.
The branding of a sports club aims to
form a positive and real image
(Popescu 2011, p. 145).
6. Conclusions
28. The manager must ensure a free,
open and transparent climate in the club
he runs, that does not encourage such
methods. He must take measures to
educate and inform athletes about the
risks of doping and intensify anti-doping
tests in addition to those required on a
national level.
Frequent cases of young people
who die suddenly while practicing a
sport should be a warning to
management activities and should
determine the manager to provide the
necessary framework for regular
medical checks, both of the physical
and mental health of the athletes in the
club.
In order to create a strong ethical
climate in the sports club, the manager
must show ethical leadership (which is
considered the key tool in the
management of ethics), to ensure
transparency in decision-taking, to
facilitate the ethics training of
employees and athletes, to ensure the
Management&Marketing, volume X, issue 1/2012
68
29. institution and implementation of a code
of ethics.
Social responsibility and
involvement in social projects should be
encouraged by sports management,
who understands the importance of
solidarity with the community in which
they operate. Environmental protection
is also important, the manager must
take steps so that travelling athletes or
fans participating in sport competitions
do not destroy nature.
It is necessary that a sports club
manager understands that its objective
is not performance at any cost and by
any means. His moral duty is to ensure
the optimal deployment of sports
activities, in accordance with the legal
regulations and moral principles, in a
healthy ethical climate in which
sportsmanship is more important than
victory at all costs and risks.
REFERENCES
Bocean, C., Barbu, C. M. (2007), Corporate Governance And
Firm performance,
Management & Marketing, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp. 125-131.
Brackenridge, C.H. (2001), Spoilsports, Routledge, London.
Crăciun, D. (2005), Etica în afaceri, Editura ASE, Bucureşti
Desensi, J.T., Rosenberg, D. (2003), Ethics and Morality in
Sport.
30. Gîrboveanu, S. R. (2005), Comunicare şi negociere în afaceri,
Editura Universitaria,
Craiova.
Kaptein, M. (1998), Ethics Management: Auditing and
Developing the Ethical
Content of Organizations, Springer.
Klebe Trevino, L., Pincus Hartman, L., Brown, M. (2000),
Moral Person and Moral
Manager, California Management Review 42, No. 4, Summer,
128–142.
Mele, D. (2011), Management Ethics: Placing Ethics at the Core
of Good
Management, Palgrave Macmillan.
Menzel, D.C. (2012), Ethics Management for Public
Administrators: Leading and
Building Organizations of Integrity, M.E. Sharpe.
Moilanen, T. Salminen, A. (2006), Comparative Study on the
Public-service Ethics
of the EU Member States, Human Resources Working Group.
Mureşan, V. (2009), Managementul eticii în organiza�ii,
Editura Universită�ii din
Bucureşti.
Niţă, A. (2007) Trends of Harmonization of the Continuous
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31. Ogarcă, R. (2009), Whistle blowing in Romania, Revista
Tinerilor Economişti, vol. 1,
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ţării”, Revista Transilvană de Ştiinţe Administrative, 1(28), pp.
144-165.
Robinson, M.J. (2010), Sport Club Management , Human
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Ethics, Journal of
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Sharma, P. Bhal, K.T. (2004), Managerial Ethics: Dilemmas and
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or:%22Muel+Kaptein%22
WEEK TWO Assignment Worksheet
Assignment Instructions
Please answer the following questions (SEE BELOW). Each
question is worth 10 points.
Be sure to include BOTH the questions and answers in your MS
Word document. Please provide space between each question
and answer. Remember to include an APA formatted title page
and references page with your assignment submission. In
addition, include APA formatted in-text citations for responses
32. presented within this assignment's submission. In-text citation
for the assigned reading's reference: (Barbu & Craciun, 2012).
Include a page number and quotation marks when citing a direct
quote.
Assignments typed in the comment box will not be graded and
will receive an automatic 10% deduction once correctly
submitted as an MS Word document.
Provide responses to each of the following ten (10) questions
(see below).
1. What does “ethics” represent?
2. What is the definition of “ethical dilemma?”
3. What are the four (4) “aspects of management?”
4. What are the three (3) “pillars of ethical organization?”
5. What are the seven (7) “main tools of ethics management” as
discussed in the scholarly literature?
6. What does “code of ethics” represent?
7. What are the five (5) “moral standards” Schwarts (2002)
indicated an “effective code of ethics” should satisfy (i.e.,
“meet”) in order to avoid damages and the civic spirit of
compliance of law, environment and other individuals?
8. What is the definition of “ethics audit?”
9. What does the “whistle-blowing phenomenon” consists of?
10. What are the three (3) “factors” DeSensi and Rosenberg
(2003) identified which have led to an increase in non-ethical
attitudes and behaviors among managers of sport clubs?