Conservation through population and ecosystem management

2. Conservation through population and
ecosystem management
Population genetics, extinction, restoration ecology,
management, and conservation policy
Submitted to
Respected DR. NAHEED BANO
Submitted by
FOUZIA TABASSUM
Course code: 708
Conservation and Wild Life Management

3. Content List
 Introduction
 Population genetics,
 extinction,
 restoration ecology,
 management, and
 conservation policy

4. Conservation through
population and ecosystem
management
Conservation,
Harvesting
Control

5. Section A: Population Genetics
Population genetics stands at the intersection of genetics and
evolution, unraveling the intricate tapestry of genetic variation
within and among populations.

6. 1. Genetic Variation
The raw material upon which evolution acts
Genetic variation arises primarily through mutation,
the ultimate source of new alleles. Additionally,
recombination, the shuffling of genetic material
during sexual reproduction, contributes to the
generation of new combinations of alleles.

7. 2. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

9. FUTURE STRATEGIES
3. Genetic Drift:
 Genetic drift, often considered a random force, exemplifies the unpredictable
nature of evolutionary processes
 The Founder Effect and Bottleneck Effect are two manifestations of genetic drift,
emphasizing the influence of population size on genetic diversity.

10. The Founder Effect

11. Bottleneck Effect

12. Section B: Extinction
 The dying out or extermination of a species
 Extinction occurs when species are diminished because of environmental forces
(habitat fragmentation, global change, natural disaster, overexploitation of species for
human use) or because of evolutionary changes in their members (genetic inbreeding,
poor reproduction, decline in population numbers).

13. Mass Extinction

14. Human-induced extinctions

15. Section C: Restoration ecology
 The origins of ecosystem degradation
 Thresholds in ecosystem degradation
 Objectives of restoration

16. The origins of ecosystem degradation

17. Thresholds in
ecosystem
degradation

18. 2. Objectives of restoration
1. Time scales in restoration objectives
2. Ecosystem dynamics and restoration

20. Figure 3. Graphic model of ecosystem development in terms of structure and function, and of
the objectives of restoration, rehabilitation and replacement.

21. Section D: Management, and conservation
policy
 Introduction:
 Main areas of concern (Natural resources management, environmental pollution,
urbanization, and population growth)
 Implementations of National Conservation Strategy of Pakistan(Forest
Management, Biodiversity Conservation, Environmental Education, Energy
Conservation and Water Management)

22. THANK YOU