APNIC Senior Trainer, Jessica Wei, provided an 'Introduction to IPv6' webinar at ConnecTechAsia 2020, held online from 29 September to 1 October 2020.

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Introduction to IPv6
W E B I N A R
1
Speaker: Jessica Wei
(APNIC)

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Overview
• Exhaustion of IPv4 Addresses and IPv6 Delegation
• Global IPv6 End-User Readiness
• A Glance at Changes in IPv6 Comparing with IPv4
• IPv6 Address Representation

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What is APNIC?
• APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information
Centre) is an open, member-based, not-for-profit
organization, since 1993
• Primary role: to distribute and manage Internet
number resources (IP addresses and AS
numbers) in the Asia Pacific region’s 56
economies
3

4. 4
Exhaustion of IPv4 Addresses
and IPv6 Delegation
IPv6 Introduction

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RIR IPv4 Address Run-Down Model
5
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/ 20200928
RIR
APNIC
RIPE NCC
LACNIC
ARIN
AFRINIC

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Three RIRs have assigned final /8
6

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What’s Next
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Datalink Layer
IPv4 IPv6
32 bit 128 bit
IPv6 is network layer replacement of IPv4.
Address space size:
232 ～4.3*109
Address space size:
2128 ～3.4*1038

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IPv6 Delegated by APNIC
https://blog.apnic.net/2019/12/13/keep-calm-and-carry-on-the-status-of-ipv4-address-allocation/

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Total Allocated IPv6 Space till 2020Q2
https://www.nro.net/wp-content/uploads/NRO-Statistics-2020-Q2-FINAL.pdf
Total size of IPv6 space (in /32s) that each RIR has allocated.

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Global IPv6 End-User Readiness
IPv6 Introduction

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Global IPv6 End-User Readiness
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200928)
Results are
generated from the
samples collected
by APNIC Lab
from Internet.

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Global IPv6 End-User Readiness
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200928)

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IPv6 End-User Readiness in Asia
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200928)

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IPv6 End-User Readiness in Oceania
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200602)

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IPv6 Economy League Table
CC Economy IPv6 Capable
IN India 68.68%
YT Mayotte 68.39%
BL Saint Barthelemy 64.88%
BE Belgium 59.25%
US United States of America 53.21%
MY Malaysia 51.15%
GR Greece 49.61%
DE Germany 49.22%
TW Taiwan 48.19%
CH Switzerland 45.06%
VN Vietnam 43.95%
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200928)

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IPv6 Economy League Table (Asia)
CC Economy IPv6 Capable
IN India 68.68%
MY Malaysia 51.15%
TW Taiwan 48.19%
VN Vietnam 43.95%
JP Japan 40.47%
TH Thailand 35.13%
LK Sri Lanka 30.01%
AE United Arab Emirates 29.94%
SA Saudi Arabia 19.39%
CN China 19.36%
MM Myanmar 16.33%
SG Singapore 16.08%
KR Republic of Korea 15.08%
Source: https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/ (20200928)

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A Glance at Changes in IPv6
Comparing with IPv4
IPv6 Introduction

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IPv6 Background
First wakeup call by Solensky in
IETF on IPv4 address exhaustion
Aug. 1990
IPng working group was formed
within IETF [RFC1719]
List of technical criteria was
defined to choose IPng
[RFC1726]
Dec. 1994
IPng director recommendation
to use 128 bit address
[RFC1752]
Jan. 1995
First version of IPv6 Specification
[RFC1883]
Dec. 1995
Updated version changing
header format from 1st version
[RFC2460]
Dec. 1998
Most recent IPv6 Specification
[RFC8200]
Jul. 2017

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Changes Compared with IPv4
• Address Space
o Increase from 32-bit to 128-bit address space
• Host Address Management
o SLAAC(StateLess Address AutoConfiguration) and DHCPv6
• Performance
o Simplified header means efficient packet processing
o No header checksum re-calculation at every hop (when TTL is decremented) => left to lower
and upper layers!
• No hop-by-hop fragmentation - PMTUD
19

20. 20 v1.020
Changes Compared with IPv4
• Network Layer Security
o IPv6 implements network layer encryption and authentication using IPsec (built-in to the protocol)
o Routing Protocol authentication
• Built-in support for QoS
o Flow Label, Traffic Class
o Integrated Service Model & Differentiated Service Model
• No broadcast
• End-to-End via public IPv6 addresses
o Ideally, no NAT
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Comparison of IPv6 and IPv4 Packet Headers
I P v 6 H e a d e r
791
I P v 4 H e a d e r
8200
Keep the same name -- 3 parts
Different names with similar functions -- 4 parts
New function – 1 part

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IPv6 Address Representation
IPv6 Introduction

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IPv6 Address Format
IPv6 address is represented in hexadecimal.
Example: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00

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IPv6 Address Format
IPv6 address is represented in hexadecimal.
Example: 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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IPv6 Address Format
IPv6 address is represented in hexadecimal.
Example:
Binary format (128-bit):
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
0010000000000001 0000110110111000 0000000000000000
00000011011011100000000000000000 0000000000000000
0001001001010000 0010101100000000
4 hexadecimal digits

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IPv6 Address Format
:0db8:0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
0000110110111000 0000000000000000
00000011011011100000000000000000 0000000000000000
0001001001010000 0010101100000000
Binary format (128-bit):
0010000000000001
2001
4 hexadecimal digits
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example:

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example:
Binary format (128-bit):
:0db82001: :0000:0000:036e:1250:2b000000
00001101101110000010000000000001
00000011011011100000000000000000 0000000000000000
0001001001010000 0010101100000000
0000000000000000

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example:
Binary format (128-bit):
:0db82001: :0000:0000:036e:1250:2b000000
00001101101110000010000000000001
00000011011011100000000000000000 0000000000000000
0001001001010000 0010101100000000
0000000000000000
Separated by colons

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example: :0db8:0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
0010000000000001
2001
16 binary bits
(1 x 16 bits)
4 hexadecimal digits

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example: :0000:0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
0010000000000001
32 bits
(2 x 16 bits)
:0db82001
0000110110111000
8 hexadecimal digits

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example: :0000:0000:036e:1250:2b00
0010000000000001
48 bits
(3 x 16 bits)
0000110110111000
:0000:0db82001
0000000000000000
12 hexadecimal digits

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IPv6 Address Format
Components of an IPv6 address:
Example: :0db82001: :0000:0000:036e:1250:2b000000
00001101101110000010000000000001
0000001101101110
0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0001001001010000 0010101100000000
0000000000000000
128 bits
(8 x 16 bits)
32 hexadecimal digits in 8 fields

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More Information
• Take the free online courses “IPv6 Fundamentals” and “IPv6 Address Planning” on
APNIC Academy.
https://academy.apnic.net

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Last but not least
Wish you and your family stay safe and healthy!

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Thank You!END OF SESSIONThank You!END OF SESSION