Congenital laryngeal disorders
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This document discusses several congenital laryngeal disorders classified by location in the larynx. Laryngomalacia, the most common cause of congenital stridor, involves soft, flabby laryngeal tissues that prolapse inward during inspiration. Laryngoceles are air-filled dilations of the laryngeal saccule that can be internal, external, or combined. They may cause respiratory distress or neck swelling. Laryngeal webs are failures of complete laryngeal canalization, most commonly involving the vocal cords. They can cause weak crying, recurrent croup, or inspiratory stridor. Flexible laryngoscopy aids diagnosis while temporary tracheostomy or endoscopic procedures may help treat severe cases.
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Congenital laryngeal disorders
This document discusses several congenital laryngeal disorders classified by location in the larynx. Laryngomalacia, the most common cause of congenital stridor, involves soft, flabby laryngeal tissues that prolapse inward during inspiration. Laryngoceles are air-filled dilations of the laryngeal saccule that can be internal, external, or combined. They may cause respiratory distress or neck swelling. Laryngeal webs are failures of complete laryngeal canalization, most commonly involving the vocal cords. They can cause weak crying, recurrent croup, or inspiratory stridor. Flexible laryngoscopy is used to diagnose these conditions, while management depends on severity and may include observation,
Congenital lesions of larynx
The document discusses various congenital lesions of the larynx that can cause stridor in infants and children, including laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, and subglottic hemangioma. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. The document also covers acquired causes of stridor and outlines the approach to evaluating and managing a child presenting with stridor.
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Congenital lesions of larynx supplimentary
This document discusses several congenital laryngeal conditions that can cause stridor or airway obstruction in infants:
1) Laryngomalacia is characterized by excessive flaccidity of the supraglottic larynx, causing stridor that subsides in the prone position. Treatment is usually conservative.
2) Congenital vocal cord paralysis can result from nerve damage during difficult births or CNS anomalies.
3) Congenital subglottic stenosis is abnormal thickening below the vocal cords, requiring monitoring for dyspnea and possible surgery to correct severe cases.
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This document discusses several congenital laryngeal abnormalities: laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, subglottic hemangioma, laryngoesophageal cleft, laryngocele, and laryngeal cyst. It provides details on the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. Laryngomalacia is the most common, appearing at birth as excessive flaccidity and stridor that usually resolves by age 2. Flexible laryngoscopy is useful for diagnosing many of these conditions, while treatment depends on the severity but may include observation, steroids, or laser excision.
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This document discusses several congenital laryngeal disorders classified by location in the larynx. Laryngomalacia, the most common cause of congenital stridor, involves soft, flabby laryngeal tissues that prolapse inward during inspiration. Laryngoceles are air-filled dilations of the laryngeal saccule that can be internal, external, or combined. They may cause respiratory distress or neck swelling. Laryngeal webs are failures of complete laryngeal canalization, most commonly involving the vocal cords. They can cause weak crying, recurrent croup, or inspiratory stridor. Flexible laryngoscopy is used to diagnose these conditions, while management depends on severity and may include observation,
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Congenital lesions of larynx supplimentary
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1) Laryngomalacia is characterized by excessive flaccidity of the supraglottic larynx, causing stridor that subsides in the prone position. Treatment is usually conservative.
2) Congenital vocal cord paralysis can result from nerve damage during difficult births or CNS anomalies.
3) Congenital subglottic stenosis is abnormal thickening below the vocal cords, requiring monitoring for dyspnea and possible surgery to correct severe cases.
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This document discusses several congenital laryngeal abnormalities: laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, subglottic stenosis, laryngeal web, subglottic hemangioma, laryngoesophageal cleft, laryngocele, and laryngeal cyst. It provides details on the characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of each condition. Laryngomalacia is the most common, appearing at birth as excessive flaccidity and stridor that usually resolves by age 2. Flexible laryngoscopy is useful for diagnosing many of these conditions, while treatment depends on the severity but may include observation, steroids, or laser excision.
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Adeno tonsillitis dr.p.k arthikeyan, 11.07.16
Waldeyer's ring consists of adenoid, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils. Adenoids can cause nasal obstruction, ear problems, and facial changes. Acute and chronic tonsillitis are caused by bacterial or viral infections and present with throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and fever. Complications include abscesses. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, and possibly adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy to address infections or hypertrophy.
Adeno tonsillitis dr.p.k arthikeyan, 11.07.16
Waldeyer's ring consists of adenoid, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils. Adenoiditis and tonsillitis can be acute or chronic. Acute tonsillitis is usually caused by streptococcus bacteria and presents with throat pain and difficulty swallowing. Peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus between the tonsil capsule and superior constrictor muscle that develops from an infected tonsillar crypt. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes incision and drainage of the abscess.
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Congenital laryngeal disorders
- 1. CONGENITAL LARYNGEAL DISORDERS DR PRASHANTH
- 2. CLASSIFICATION 1. SUPRAGLOTTIS LARYNGOMALACIA LARYNGEAL CYST CONGENITAL LARYNGOCELE 2. GLOTTIS LARYNGEAL WEB CRI-DU CHAT SYNDROME VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS
- 3. CLASSSIFICATION CONTD…. 3. SUBGLOTTIS: SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS SUBGLOTTIC HEMANGIOMA LARYNGOTRACHEAL CLEFT
- 4. LARYNGOMALACIA MALACIA= SOFTENING (GREEK) JACKSON IN 1942 MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CONGENITAL STRIDOR. FEATURES: 1. SOFT FLABBY LARYNGEAL TISSUES 2. THIN LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES 3. LOOSE, REDUNDANT MUCOSA OF LARYNX
- 5. C/F: M:F= 1:1, CRY IS NORMAL INSPIRATORY STRIDOR: HIGH PITCH, “FLUTTERING” , WITHIN FEW DAYS OF BIRTH , OR URTI INCREASES TILL FIRST YEAR STARTS RESOLVING. SUPINE POSITION, SUCKLING, CRYING WORSENS STRIDOR IMPROVES IN PRONE POSITION
- 6. DIAGNOSIS: HISTORY VIDEOLARYNGOSCOPY/FLEXIBLE NASO LARYNGOSCOPY: 1. OMEGA SHAPED EPIGLOTTIS 2. SHORT AE FOLD, PROLAPSES INWARDS 3. PROMINENT ARYTENOIDS, LOOSE MUCOSA, MOVE INWARDS 4. DIFFICULT TO SEE VOCAL CORDS
- 9. TREATMENT: 1. 90% CASES RESOLVE BY 2 YEARS 2. TREAT URTI EFFECTIVELY SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, FEEDING DIFFICULTY( HIGH INTRA THORACIC NEGATIVE PRESSURE GERD ) WITH FAILURE TO THRIVE ACTIVE INTERVENTION
- 11. CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT ENDOSCOPIC ARY- EPIGLOTTOPLASTY ( SUPRAGLOTTOPLASTY) CO2 / COLD KNIFE AE FOLD RELEASED FROM EPIGLOTTIS & REDUNDANT MUCOSA OF ARYTENOID EXCISED IF NEEDED ALONG WITH CUNEIFORM CARTILAGES
- 12. LARYNGOCELE AIR-FILLED DILATATION OF SACCULUS ETIOLOGY: 1. CONGENITALLY LARGE SACCULE 2. INCREASED INTRA LARYNGEAL PRESSURE GAS BLOWERS, SAXOPHONE PLAYERS, COUGHING etc
- 14. TYPES: Internal- within the larynx External- Projects through the thyro-hyoid membrane and presents as swelling in the lateral neck Combined
- 16. CLINICAL FEATURES Asymptomatic Hoarseness RESPIRATORY DISTRESS INCREASES ON CRYING OR STRAINING Neck: Cystic, painless swelling, reducible, increases on valsalva ILS: Smooth bulge on the ventricular band, may obscure the vocal cords
- 17. BRYCE’S SIGN: GIRGLING & HISSING SOUND IN THROAT WHEN EXTERNAL MASS IS COMPRESSED IF SAC OPENING IS OBSTRUCTED MUCOCELE ( SACCULAR CYST )
- 18. MANAGEMENT SOFT TISSUE XRAY NECK/ CT SCAN DURING VALSALVA DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY TO RULE OUT UNDERLYING MALIGNANCY TREATMENT: MLS & MARSUPIALIZATION OF SAC (VENTRICULAR BAND & LARYNGOCELE IS CUT & MARGINS EVERTED) EXTERNAL (TRANSCERVICAL) EXCISION (EITHER CUT THE NECK OF SAC & SUTURE OR LARYNGOFISSURE & SAC EXCISION)
- 19. LARYNGEAL WEB FAILURE OF COMPLETE CANALIZATION OF LARYNX DURING 5TH WEEK OF IU LIFE MOST COMMON IS GLOTTIC WEB(75%), LESS COMMON ARE SUPRA & SUB GLOTTIC MOSTLY ANTERIOR GLOTTIC WEBS POSTERIOR INTERARYTENOID WEBS MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH CRICOARYTENOID JOINT FIXATION
- 20. C/F: WEAK CRY AT BIRTH RECURRENT CROUP INSPIRATORY OR BIPHASIC STRIDOR DIAGNOSIS: VIDEODIRECT ENDOSCOPY/ FLEXIBLE NASOLARYNGOSCOPY
- 22. Rx: ASYMPTOMATIC REASSURANCE
- 26. PREFERABLY KEEL INSERTED AT AGE OF 3 YRS & ABOVE TEMPORARY TRACHEOSTOMY WHEN KEEL IN-SITU ( 2- 5 WEEKS) INSERTED ENDOSCOPICALLY WITH COMBINEDLARYNGOFISSURE APPROACH VERY SEVERE WEB INVOLVING SUBGLOTTIS EMERGENCY TRACHEOSTOMY AT 2 yrsLTR ( Laryngo tracheal reconstruction) WITH ANTERIOR CARTILAGE GRAFTING
- 27. THANK YOU