The document discusses power sharing in Nigeria between Muslims and Christians. It provides background on the ethnic and religious composition of Nigeria. Power sharing is seen as important to respect democracy and avoid conflicts between social groups. However, the introduction of Sharia law in Muslim-majority states led to tensions between 1999-2000. Violence has occurred periodically since then, with the conflict becoming more violent due to Boko Haram's armed rebellion against the secular government since 2009. Over time, more states adopted Sharia law fully, exacerbating the religious divide in Nigeria.

3.  Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
A democratic rule involves sharing power with
those affected by its exercise, and who have
to live with its effects.
 All communities, social groups get their say in
the governance.
 People have a right to be consulted on how
they are to be governed. A legitimate
government is one where citizens acquire a
stake in the system; through participation.

4.  It avoids conflicts between different social groups.
The absence of power sharing can result in division of
the country.
 Power sharing helps in avoiding the tyranny of
majority. The tyranny of majority not only
destroys the minority social groups but also
the majority social group.
 People’s voice forms the basis of a
democratic government. Hence, power
sharing is essential to respect the spirit of
democracy.

5.  The avoiding conflict in society and
preventing majority tyranny are considered
as prudential reasons for power sharing.
Maintaining the spirit of democracy is
considered as the moral reason for power
sharing.

9. Ethnic
composition of
NIGERIA (174
million people)
Muslims 50.8 %
They live in the
northern part of
the country
Most of them
are Sunni
Muslims
Christians 49.2%
They live in
southern &
central part of
the country
 As Muslims narrowly form the majority of the population, many of them
demand the introduction of Sharia – the Islamic law – as the main source
of legislation.
 Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of the executive
and judicial branches of government in the years 1999 and 2000.

10. In 1980’s military ruler of Nigeria
General Ibrahim enrolled Nigeria
in the Islamic conference
This was the move that
aggravated religious tensions in
the country particularly among
Christians
Spreading of Sharia system all
over the country lead to loss of
powers to non Muslims
This lead to many riots all over
the country

11.  Sharia Conflict in Nigeria began in 1999 with the
establishment of sharia law in several Muslim-
majority states in Northern Nigeria, despite the
secular Constitution of Nigeria and the disagreeing
Christian minority.
 From 2000 onwards, occasional riots between
Christians and Muslims have resulted in thousands of
deaths. Since 2009, when the Islamist group Boko
Haram started an armed rebellion against the
secular government of Nigeria, the conflict has
become more violent.
 In 2010, 55 people were killed in claimed or
suspected Boko Haram attacks. By 2013, the annual
death toll exceeded 1000, with a further sharp
increase occurring in early 2014.

12. Sharia
conflict
of Nigeria
(1999)
In 1953, Religious riot
occured in northern
city of KANO
In 1980’s, Riot due to
death of
Mohammed Marwa
In 1991, Reinhard
Bonnke attempted a
crusade in Kano,
causing a religious
riot leading to the
deaths of about a
dozen people
Appointment of a
Muslim politician,
Alhaji Muktar
Mohammed lead to
riot in 2000 & 2001
between Christians &
Muslims.

13. Green - Sharia plays no
role in the judicial
system
Yellow - Sharia applies in
personal status
issues only
Purple - Sharia applies in
full, including criminal law
As of 2012, the following 12
states have instituted Sharia:
Zamfara State
Kano State
Sokoto State
Katsina State
Bauchi State
Borno State
Jigawa State
Kebbi State
Yobe State
Kaduna State
Niger State
Gombe State

14. 1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, and the North of the
newly created country had been largely Muslim
for centuries, whereas the South was mostly
animist.
1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, only about a decade
after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate and
other Islamic states by the British which were to
constitute much of Northern Nigeria.
1953
1966 The Igbo massacre of 1966 in the North that
followed the counter-coup of the same year had
as a dual cause the Igbo officers' coup and pre-
existing (sectarian) tensions between the Igbos
and the local Muslims.
1980’s upsurge in violence due to death of Mohammed
Marwa ("Maitatsine")

15. 1980 Maitatsine's death
1991 the German evangelist Reinhard Bonnke attempted a
crusade in Kano, causing a religious riot leading to the
deaths of about a dozen people.
1999 Sharia was instituted as a main body of civil and criminal
law in 9 Muslim-majority and in some parts of 3 Muslim-
plurality states
1999 & 2000 Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of
the executive and judicial branches of government.
2000’s the 2000s decade would see inter-religious violence
continue in Jos and Kaduna.
2001 October riot killed over 100 people in Kano State.

16. 2002 The Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel wrote an
article that led to the demonstrations and violence
that caused the deaths of over 200 in Kaduna
2004 Yelwa massacre occured which killed 100’s of
people.
2009 Mohammad Yusuf was killed & nigerian
government launched an investigation
2010 More than 500, mostly Christian people, were killed
by religious violence in Jos.
January 2010 After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its
first terrorist attack in Borno . It resulted in the killing
of four people.
2012 The 9 states have instituted Sharia
2012 Abubakar Shekau, a former deputy to Yusuf,
appeared in a video posted on YouTube.
According to Reuters, Shekau took control of the
group after Yusuf's death in 2009. Authorities had
previously believed that Shekau died during the
violence in 2009.

17. 2013 ( MAY ) Nigerian governmental forces launched an
offensive in the Borno region in an attempt to
dislodge Boko Haram fighters after a state of
emergency was called on May 14.
15 April 2014 Chibok kidnapping:terrorists abducted about
276 female students from a college in Chibok in
Borno state.
20 May 2014 Jos Bombings:, a total of two bombs in the city
of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, were detonated,
resulting in the deaths of at least 118 people
and the injury of more than 56 others.

19.  The conflict has seen numerous
human rights abuses
conducted by the Nigerian
security forces, in an effort to
control the violence, as well as
their encouragement of the
formation of numerous vigilante
groups (for example, the
Civilian Joint Task Force).
 A military Joint Task Amnesty
International has accused the
Nigerian government of human
rights abuses after 950
suspected Boko Harām militants
died in detention facilities run
by Nigeria Force in the first half
of 2013.

20.  Boko Haram often engages in kidnapping young girls for
use as cooks, in forced marriage; the most famous example
being the Chibok kidnapping in 2014.
 In addition to kidnapping child brides, Human Rights Watch
states that Boko Harām uses child soldiers, including 12-year-
olds.
 This was done in nigeria which actually was against the
human rights.

22.  Therefore they can try to solve the
problem by forming a constitution which
gives equal power to everyone
 Every difficult task has a simple solution
 Everyone should think themselves as
Nigerians & not as single and exclusive
members
 This can lead them to solve their conflicts

23. Krithik
Jain
Satyam
Karthik
Gupta R.Arjun
SaravanaKirthi varman
Shreyans
Jain