This document discusses software configuration management and describes its key activities and importance. It covers configuration management planning, change management, version management, and the use of tools to support the configuration management process. Effective configuration management is important for managing evolving software systems and controlling the costs of system changes. It aims to manage all products of the software development process, including specifications, designs, code, and documentation.
The document provides solutions to exercises from the textbook "Software Engineering 9th edition". It begins with a preface explaining that the solutions manual is intended to help teachers mark student homework and that answers are only provided for about half the exercises. For exercises without answers provided, the preface gives reasons such as the answers being in the text, there being multiple valid solutions, or the questions being intended to stimulate discussion. The solutions provided are meant as a guide and teachers should reward students' credible answers that show thought and knowledge.
The document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It covers evolutionary software development, the staged model of software lifespan, the phased model of software change, research and teaching approaches, and software maintenance. Key topics include iterative development, concept location, impact analysis, reasoning about evolution, and the end of software evolution. The purpose is to provide an overview of these topics and discuss current research and future directions.
The document provides an overview of software engineering, discussing what it is, why it is important, and key concepts like the software development lifecycle, processes, and models. It introduces software engineering as a way to build software in a controlled, predictable manner by giving control over functionality, quality, and resources. It also summarizes several software development process models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and spiral.
The document discusses applying project cost management principles like earned value management (EVM) to software maintenance projects. It outlines the types of maintenance tasks, challenges in effort estimation, and proposes using a software maturity index and EVM to estimate maintenance costs and improve project measurement and control. Accurately estimating effort is key to the successful application of EVM for software maintenance projects.
These slides, covering the topics of Software Maintenance and Evolution, are introductory slides to the course LINGI2252 “Software Maintenance and Evolution”, given by Prof. Kim Mens at UCL, Belgium
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software Engineering Past Papers (Short Questions)MuhammadTalha436
1. SWOT analysis is a framework for identifying internal and external factors that can impact a project, product, place or person. It analyzes strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
2. Software refactoring is changing software code without altering external behavior to improve internal structure.
3. An embedded system is a programmed system within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints and a dedicated function.
The document provides solutions to exercises from the textbook "Software Engineering 9th edition". It begins with a preface explaining that the solutions manual is intended to help teachers mark student homework and that answers are only provided for about half the exercises. For exercises without answers provided, the preface gives reasons such as the answers being in the text, there being multiple valid solutions, or the questions being intended to stimulate discussion. The solutions provided are meant as a guide and teachers should reward students' credible answers that show thought and knowledge.
The document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It covers evolutionary software development, the staged model of software lifespan, the phased model of software change, research and teaching approaches, and software maintenance. Key topics include iterative development, concept location, impact analysis, reasoning about evolution, and the end of software evolution. The purpose is to provide an overview of these topics and discuss current research and future directions.
The document provides an overview of software engineering, discussing what it is, why it is important, and key concepts like the software development lifecycle, processes, and models. It introduces software engineering as a way to build software in a controlled, predictable manner by giving control over functionality, quality, and resources. It also summarizes several software development process models like waterfall, evolutionary development, and spiral.
The document discusses applying project cost management principles like earned value management (EVM) to software maintenance projects. It outlines the types of maintenance tasks, challenges in effort estimation, and proposes using a software maturity index and EVM to estimate maintenance costs and improve project measurement and control. Accurately estimating effort is key to the successful application of EVM for software maintenance projects.
These slides, covering the topics of Software Maintenance and Evolution, are introductory slides to the course LINGI2252 “Software Maintenance and Evolution”, given by Prof. Kim Mens at UCL, Belgium
Following presentation answers:
- Why do we need evolution?
- What happens if we do not evolve the software?
- What are the types of software evolution?
- What are Lehman's laws
- What are the strategies for evolution?
Software Engineering Past Papers (Short Questions)MuhammadTalha436
1. SWOT analysis is a framework for identifying internal and external factors that can impact a project, product, place or person. It analyzes strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
2. Software refactoring is changing software code without altering external behavior to improve internal structure.
3. An embedded system is a programmed system within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints and a dedicated function.
Configuration management involves change management, version management, system building, and release management. It ensures changes to software systems are managed and tracked. Version management tracks different versions of components to prevent interference. System building compiles components into executable systems. Release management prepares software for distribution and tracks released versions.
The document discusses agile software development methods. It covers topics like agile methods, techniques, and project management. Agile development aims to rapidly develop and deliver working software through iterative processes, customer collaboration, and responding to changing requirements. Extreme programming (XP) is an influential agile method that uses practices like test-driven development, pair programming, frequent refactoring, and user stories for requirements specification. The key principles of agile methods are also outlined.
Introduction to Software Evolution: The Software VolcanoDevnology
The document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It notes that as software ages, more resources are spent on maintenance and enhancements rather than new projects. The "software volcano" refers to the estimated 750 gigalines of COBOL code and 900 gigalines of C code worldwide, containing an estimated 35 gigabugs. Issues with software maintenance include increasing complexity over time, lack of testing and documentation, and difficulty adapting to changing business needs. Solutions include refactoring, automated testing, knowledge management, and adopting frameworks like ITIL.
Software evolution involves making ongoing changes to software systems to address new requirements, fix errors, and improve performance. There are several approaches to managing software evolution, including maintenance, reengineering, refactoring, and legacy system management. Key considerations for legacy systems include assessing their business value and quality to determine whether they should be replaced, transformed, or maintained.
The document discusses software processes and activities. It describes common process models like waterfall, incremental development, and configuration management. The key activities involved in most processes are specification, development, validation, and evolution. Specification defines system requirements while development includes design, implementation, and debugging. Validation ensures the system meets requirements through testing. Processes also evolve to adapt to changing needs.
The document summarizes several models for software evolution and maintenance. It describes the reuse-oriented model which includes the quick fix, iterative enhancement, and full reuse models. It also outlines the staged model and change mini-cycle model for the software maintenance life cycle. Finally, it discusses software maintenance standards from IEEE and ISO, including the seven phase and iterative maintenance processes.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch 4Mohammed Romi
The document discusses requirements engineering and summarizes key topics covered in Chapter 4, including:
- The importance of specifying both functional and non-functional requirements. Non-functional requirements place constraints on system functions and development process.
- The software requirements specification document defines what the system must do and includes both user and system requirements. It should not describe how the system will be implemented.
- Requirements engineering involves eliciting, analyzing, validating and managing requirements throughout the development lifecycle. Precise, complete and consistent requirements are important for development.
This document provides an introduction to a software engineering course. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including software processes, requirements, design, coding, testing, and project management. It describes the learning objectives of explaining software engineering principles and techniques for developing quality software. Students will be assessed through exams, presentations, and laboratory work. References for further reading are also provided.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as modifying software after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or change attributes. The document then discusses reasons for maintenance like changing requirements or fixing errors. It outlines different maintenance types including corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive maintenance. The document also examines maintenance models such as quick-fix, iterative enhancement, full-reuse, Boehm's model and Taute's model.
The document discusses requirements engineering for software systems. It covers topics like functional and non-functional requirements, the requirements engineering process, elicitation, specification, validation, and change. It defines what requirements are, their different types and levels of abstraction. It also discusses stakeholders, and provides examples of functional and non-functional requirements for a healthcare management system called Mentcare.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines maintenance as modifying software after delivery to fix bugs, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Approximately 70% of software costs are for maintenance. Maintainability refers to how easy software is to correct, adapt, or enhance. Common maintenance types are corrective, adaptive, and perfective. Proper documentation and design are important to reduce maintenance costs and issues like degraded structure over time.
This document discusses types of operating systems and utilization of CPUs. It begins by defining operating systems and providing examples. It then describes various types of operating systems including single-tasking vs multi-tasking, single-user vs multi-user, distributed, templated, embedded, real-time, and library operating systems. It also discusses CPU scheduling and how it allows processes to share CPU resources. It defines CPU utilization and provides formulas to calculate it. Finally, it lists some scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time that help improve CPU usage.
Software evolution and maintenance basic concepts and preliminariesMoutasm Tamimi
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to software maintenance and evolution, including:
- Software maintenance focuses on preventing failures and involves bug fixing without major design changes.
- Software evolution describes how software grows over time to support new features and changes in technology.
- Reengineering examines a system to restructure it in a new form through reverse and forward engineering.
- Legacy systems are old systems still valuable to organizations that are in the phase out stage of their lifecycle.
Developing reusable software components for distributed embedded systemseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of quality management in software engineering. It discusses software quality, standards, reviews and inspections, as well as software measurement and metrics. The key points covered include establishing an organizational framework for quality management, applying specific quality processes and standards at the project level, and conducting independent reviews to ensure compliance. Software metrics can help quantify attributes and identify anomalous components, but meaningful relationships between internal metrics and external quality attributes can be difficult to establish.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key topics in software engineering. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance and costs of software development, different types of software projects and applications, and issues like complexity, security and scale that affect software. It also introduces software engineering processes, methods, and ethics. Common questions about the field are addressed. The document is the first chapter of a book on software engineering.
EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED SIMPLICITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWAREijseajournal
This document summarizes an empirical study that developed a simplicity evaluation model for object-oriented software. It establishes relationships between software design simplicity factors and object-oriented design properties like encapsulation, coupling, inheritance, and polymorphism. A linear regression model was developed and validated experimentally to predict simplicity scores based on these design metrics. The model showed a high correlation with known simplicity values, demonstrating it is an effective way to quantitatively evaluate simplicity in object-oriented designs. Future work could involve testing the model on more and larger real-world projects.
The document discusses reliability engineering and fault tolerance. It covers topics like availability, reliability requirements, fault-tolerant architectures, and reliability measurement. It defines key terms like faults, errors, and failures. It also describes techniques for achieving reliability like fault avoidance, fault detection, and fault tolerance. Specific architectures discussed include redundant systems and protection systems that can take emergency action if failures occur.
The increasing availability of COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) components in the market of software
development has concretized the opportunity of building whole systems based on previously built components. Component-
Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is an approach which is used to improve efficiency and productivity of software system
with the help of reusability. CBSE approach improves software development productivity and software quality by selecting
pre-existing software components. Reusability in Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) not only reduces the
time to market in development but also brings the cost down of development heavily. This paper represents the challenges
which are faced by software developer during component selection like reliability, time, components size, fault tolerance,
performance, components functionality and components compatibility. This paper also summarizes algorithms used for
component retrieval according to availability of component subset.
This document provides guidance for instructors on delivering professional military education (PME) classes. It outlines best practices for gaining attention at the start of class, introducing the topic, setting learning objectives, structuring the body of the presentation, and summarizing at the end. Instructors are advised to open with an attention-grabbing technique, provide an overview of topics to be covered, establish clear objectives for student learning, and conclude by restating the key points and leaving a lasting impression on the subject matter.
This document advertises various stalls and events taking place on the last Saturday of every month at the Folkestone Community Market. Stalls for eyebrow shaping, spiritual medium readings, and the community market itself will be available, subject to stall availability on the specified dates. The events are aimed at the local Folkestone community.
Configuration management involves change management, version management, system building, and release management. It ensures changes to software systems are managed and tracked. Version management tracks different versions of components to prevent interference. System building compiles components into executable systems. Release management prepares software for distribution and tracks released versions.
The document discusses agile software development methods. It covers topics like agile methods, techniques, and project management. Agile development aims to rapidly develop and deliver working software through iterative processes, customer collaboration, and responding to changing requirements. Extreme programming (XP) is an influential agile method that uses practices like test-driven development, pair programming, frequent refactoring, and user stories for requirements specification. The key principles of agile methods are also outlined.
Introduction to Software Evolution: The Software VolcanoDevnology
The document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It notes that as software ages, more resources are spent on maintenance and enhancements rather than new projects. The "software volcano" refers to the estimated 750 gigalines of COBOL code and 900 gigalines of C code worldwide, containing an estimated 35 gigabugs. Issues with software maintenance include increasing complexity over time, lack of testing and documentation, and difficulty adapting to changing business needs. Solutions include refactoring, automated testing, knowledge management, and adopting frameworks like ITIL.
Software evolution involves making ongoing changes to software systems to address new requirements, fix errors, and improve performance. There are several approaches to managing software evolution, including maintenance, reengineering, refactoring, and legacy system management. Key considerations for legacy systems include assessing their business value and quality to determine whether they should be replaced, transformed, or maintained.
The document discusses software processes and activities. It describes common process models like waterfall, incremental development, and configuration management. The key activities involved in most processes are specification, development, validation, and evolution. Specification defines system requirements while development includes design, implementation, and debugging. Validation ensures the system meets requirements through testing. Processes also evolve to adapt to changing needs.
The document summarizes several models for software evolution and maintenance. It describes the reuse-oriented model which includes the quick fix, iterative enhancement, and full reuse models. It also outlines the staged model and change mini-cycle model for the software maintenance life cycle. Finally, it discusses software maintenance standards from IEEE and ISO, including the seven phase and iterative maintenance processes.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch 4Mohammed Romi
The document discusses requirements engineering and summarizes key topics covered in Chapter 4, including:
- The importance of specifying both functional and non-functional requirements. Non-functional requirements place constraints on system functions and development process.
- The software requirements specification document defines what the system must do and includes both user and system requirements. It should not describe how the system will be implemented.
- Requirements engineering involves eliciting, analyzing, validating and managing requirements throughout the development lifecycle. Precise, complete and consistent requirements are important for development.
This document provides an introduction to a software engineering course. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including software processes, requirements, design, coding, testing, and project management. It describes the learning objectives of explaining software engineering principles and techniques for developing quality software. Students will be assessed through exams, presentations, and laboratory work. References for further reading are also provided.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines software maintenance as modifying software after delivery to correct faults, improve performance, or change attributes. The document then discusses reasons for maintenance like changing requirements or fixing errors. It outlines different maintenance types including corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventive maintenance. The document also examines maintenance models such as quick-fix, iterative enhancement, full-reuse, Boehm's model and Taute's model.
The document discusses requirements engineering for software systems. It covers topics like functional and non-functional requirements, the requirements engineering process, elicitation, specification, validation, and change. It defines what requirements are, their different types and levels of abstraction. It also discusses stakeholders, and provides examples of functional and non-functional requirements for a healthcare management system called Mentcare.
This document discusses software maintenance. It defines maintenance as modifying software after delivery to fix bugs, improve performance, or adapt to changes. Approximately 70% of software costs are for maintenance. Maintainability refers to how easy software is to correct, adapt, or enhance. Common maintenance types are corrective, adaptive, and perfective. Proper documentation and design are important to reduce maintenance costs and issues like degraded structure over time.
This document discusses types of operating systems and utilization of CPUs. It begins by defining operating systems and providing examples. It then describes various types of operating systems including single-tasking vs multi-tasking, single-user vs multi-user, distributed, templated, embedded, real-time, and library operating systems. It also discusses CPU scheduling and how it allows processes to share CPU resources. It defines CPU utilization and provides formulas to calculate it. Finally, it lists some scheduling criteria like CPU utilization, throughput, turnaround time, waiting time, and response time that help improve CPU usage.
Software evolution and maintenance basic concepts and preliminariesMoutasm Tamimi
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to software maintenance and evolution, including:
- Software maintenance focuses on preventing failures and involves bug fixing without major design changes.
- Software evolution describes how software grows over time to support new features and changes in technology.
- Reengineering examines a system to restructure it in a new form through reverse and forward engineering.
- Legacy systems are old systems still valuable to organizations that are in the phase out stage of their lifecycle.
Developing reusable software components for distributed embedded systemseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This document provides an overview of quality management in software engineering. It discusses software quality, standards, reviews and inspections, as well as software measurement and metrics. The key points covered include establishing an organizational framework for quality management, applying specific quality processes and standards at the project level, and conducting independent reviews to ensure compliance. Software metrics can help quantify attributes and identify anomalous components, but meaningful relationships between internal metrics and external quality attributes can be difficult to establish.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key topics in software engineering. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance and costs of software development, different types of software projects and applications, and issues like complexity, security and scale that affect software. It also introduces software engineering processes, methods, and ethics. Common questions about the field are addressed. The document is the first chapter of a book on software engineering.
EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED SIMPLICITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWAREijseajournal
This document summarizes an empirical study that developed a simplicity evaluation model for object-oriented software. It establishes relationships between software design simplicity factors and object-oriented design properties like encapsulation, coupling, inheritance, and polymorphism. A linear regression model was developed and validated experimentally to predict simplicity scores based on these design metrics. The model showed a high correlation with known simplicity values, demonstrating it is an effective way to quantitatively evaluate simplicity in object-oriented designs. Future work could involve testing the model on more and larger real-world projects.
The document discusses reliability engineering and fault tolerance. It covers topics like availability, reliability requirements, fault-tolerant architectures, and reliability measurement. It defines key terms like faults, errors, and failures. It also describes techniques for achieving reliability like fault avoidance, fault detection, and fault tolerance. Specific architectures discussed include redundant systems and protection systems that can take emergency action if failures occur.
The increasing availability of COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) components in the market of software
development has concretized the opportunity of building whole systems based on previously built components. Component-
Based Software Engineering (CBSE) is an approach which is used to improve efficiency and productivity of software system
with the help of reusability. CBSE approach improves software development productivity and software quality by selecting
pre-existing software components. Reusability in Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) not only reduces the
time to market in development but also brings the cost down of development heavily. This paper represents the challenges
which are faced by software developer during component selection like reliability, time, components size, fault tolerance,
performance, components functionality and components compatibility. This paper also summarizes algorithms used for
component retrieval according to availability of component subset.
This document provides guidance for instructors on delivering professional military education (PME) classes. It outlines best practices for gaining attention at the start of class, introducing the topic, setting learning objectives, structuring the body of the presentation, and summarizing at the end. Instructors are advised to open with an attention-grabbing technique, provide an overview of topics to be covered, establish clear objectives for student learning, and conclude by restating the key points and leaving a lasting impression on the subject matter.
This document advertises various stalls and events taking place on the last Saturday of every month at the Folkestone Community Market. Stalls for eyebrow shaping, spiritual medium readings, and the community market itself will be available, subject to stall availability on the specified dates. The events are aimed at the local Folkestone community.
This document discusses getting a second life through the virtual world of Second Life. It provides snapshots of the author's avatar exploring a garden, gazing at a gazing ball, and coming across a sleeping house on an island. The author then states it is time to get serious and discusses their first life, including being born in West Texas, obtaining various degrees from Austin College and Syracuse University, working as a research associate for LIGO, starting but leaving a PhD program, and having a daughter while starting a teaching certification program. The author concludes by outlining how teaching science parallels the scientific method through developing questions, making predictions, experimenting, analyzing results, and testing understanding.
The document discusses engaging students in lab activities by connecting labs to their lives and interests through authentic experiences. It notes that mistakes are part of the scientific process and can be opportunities for learning if properly anticipated and managed by teachers. The document provides a flowchart for detecting, assessing, and addressing errors in science experiments and suggests ensuring all students are actively involved by assigning roles and assessing comprehension.
The document discusses the physics principles demonstrated in various winter Olympic sports such as hockey, snowboarding, and curling. It mentions the elastic collisions, energy transfer, momentum, gravitational potential energy, and conservation of energy involved in hockey and snowboarding. For curling, it discusses inertia and friction. It then suggests ways students can experiment with related concepts, such as using Nerf balls and yardsticks for indoor hockey or using table shuffleboard to demonstrate the physics of curling. Students will gather data from in-class experiments and learn to interpret data and present results in graphs. Lessons are designed to actively engage students and relate concepts to real-world winter Olympic events.
This document discusses quality management in software engineering. It covers key topics like quality assurance, standards, quality planning, and quality control. Quality management aims to ensure the required level of quality is achieved in a software product by defining quality standards and procedures and ensuring they are followed. It should develop a quality culture where quality is seen as everyone's responsibility.
The document discusses conversation as an art form and provides tips for effective conversation. It defines conversation as interactive, spontaneous communication between two or more people. It then lists different types of conversation topics and provides steps for good conversation, including introducing yourself, showing interest in others, making eye contact, and being able to discuss a variety of topics. The document concludes by stating that a good conversationalist is remembered not for what was said, but for saying what others want to remember.
Case Study of Naaptol published in Open Source For You magazine Mahendra Patil
Case Study of Naaptol published in Open Source For You magazine in the January 2014 edition
(http://www.linuxforu.com/2014/02/foss-helps-naaptol-take-e-commerce-new-heights/)
indikator pelaksanaan tugas pengamanan lapasFaizal Putra
Dokumen tersebut membahas indikator pelaksanaan tugas pengamanan di lapas. Ada dua jenis kegiatan yaitu pengamanan yang bersifat mencegah potensi ketidakamanan, dan penanggulangan ketidakamanan yang bersifat represif apabila terjadi ketidakamanan. Indikator kinerja seharusnya berdasarkan hasil kegiatan yaitu terciptanya ketertiban, bukan hanya output kegiatan semata. Namun satuan pengaman cenderung men
This document discusses principles of software process improvement. It explains that process improvement aims to understand existing processes and introduce changes to improve quality, reduce costs, or accelerate schedules. The document outlines topics like process measurement, analysis and modeling, and the CMMI process improvement framework. It also discusses how process attributes like defects, costs, and schedule influence product quality and how to develop simple process models.
secuencia didactica PEGUI el sistema solar desde la enseñanza ticeldacastrosierra
El documento proporciona información sobre un proyecto educativo TIC que involucra a 4 docentes de la Institución Educativa Colegio de Educación Media de Patillal en Valledupar, Colombia. El proyecto busca explorar el sistema solar a través de las TIC desde un enfoque transversal que involucra diferentes áreas como ciencias naturales, matemáticas, lenguaje y artística. Se describen 3 secuencias didácticas diseñadas para abordar el tema a través de videos, textos, tablas y una manualidad
This document discusses software evolution and maintenance. It covers topics like change processes, program evolution dynamics, software maintenance, and legacy system management. It notes that software change is inevitable due to new requirements, business changes, errors that need fixing, and other factors. Most software budgets are spent on evolving existing systems rather than new development. Lehman's laws describe insights into software evolution, such as the notion that change is continuous. Software maintenance involves modifying operational software to fix bugs, adapt to new environments, or add new functionality. Maintenance costs are typically higher than development costs and increase over time as software degrades.
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 1 of Ian Sommerville's Software Engineering textbook, 7th edition. It introduces software engineering, explaining that it is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. It also addresses frequently asked questions about software engineering, including definitions of software, the software engineering process, costs of software engineering, and challenges in the field.
The document introduces software engineering and discusses its objectives, topics covered, and key concepts. It aims to define software engineering, explain why it is important, and introduce professional responsibilities. Some key points covered include defining software and the software engineering process, discussing costs and challenges, and introducing ethics codes.
The document discusses software engineering and outlines some of its key principles. Software engineering aims to build software systems on time, on budget, with good performance and correct operation. It is concerned with developing software through professional processes and methods to manage costs and ensure quality attributes like maintainability, dependability, efficiency and usability. Several process models are discussed, including waterfall, evolutionary, and spiral models. Software engineering faces challenges like incomplete specifications and maintaining software without replacing physical components.
This document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance. It explains that software engineering is concerned with the systematic development of software and aims for cost-effective and reliable results. It addresses common questions about software, processes, methods and challenges. It emphasizes that software engineers have ethical responsibilities to act with integrity, protect intellectual property and not misuse systems.
The document discusses software maintenance and configuration management. It emphasizes tracking and controlling maintenance activities in response to change requests. It also discusses identifying configuration items, controlling releases and changes, and recording/reporting status. Configuration management aims to control changes by managing work products, versions, and imposed changes through activities like identification, control, implementation, and reporting of changes.
The document describes different software development process models including the waterfall model, prototyping model, incremental development, spiral development, agile methods, and extreme programming. It explains each model and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The waterfall model is most appropriate when requirements are stable while agile methods are best for changing requirements but can be difficult to manage.
Software engineering aims to build software systems that are delivered on time, on budget, with acceptable performance and correct operation. It is concerned with developing theories, methods and tools for professional software development. Software costs, which often dominate overall system costs, are greater to maintain than initially develop. The key attributes of software products like maintainability, dependability and usability depend on the product and environment, with some attributes like efficiency dominating for safety-critical systems. Several process models exist for software development, including waterfall, evolutionary, formal transformation and reuse-based approaches, but no single model is appropriate for all projects and hybrid approaches are often used.
This document summarizes chapter 9 of the textbook "Software Engineering" which discusses software evolution. It covers topics like evolution processes, program evolution dynamics, software maintenance, and legacy system management. The key points are that software change is inevitable, the majority of budgets go to maintaining existing software rather than new development, and Lehman's laws describe patterns observed in software evolution over time like continuing change and increasing complexity.
The document discusses four systems and suggests appropriate software process models for managing their development:
1. An anti-lock braking system is safety-critical, so the waterfall model is appropriate due to its formal transformations and proof requirements.
2. A virtual reality maintenance system has unpredictable requirements, so the exploratory programming model is suitable.
3. A university accounting system replaces an existing system, so the waterfall model is appropriate due to stable requirements.
4. A train time inquiry system has complex user interfaces but must be stable and reliable. It should use throw-away prototyping followed by incremental development or waterfall.
This document contains lecture notes on software engineering and object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses four modules that make up the course: introductory concepts and requirements analysis, object-oriented design using UML, implementing and testing software, and software quality. The notes provide definitions of software engineering, discuss characteristics of software like changeability and complexity, and cover topics like the software development life cycle, object modeling, testing strategies, and software quality standards. Books recommended for the course are also listed.
The document summarizes key aspects of configuration management discussed in Chapter 25, including change management, version management, system building, and release management. Version management involves tracking different versions of software components to prevent interference between changes made by different developers. System building is the process of compiling and linking components to create an executable system. Release management prepares software for external distribution and tracks released system versions.
This document discusses software reuse and its benefits and challenges. It describes different levels of reuse from whole application systems and components to objects and functions. Reusing software can increase dependability, reduce costs and risks, allow specialists to develop reusable assets, and accelerate development. However, reuse also poses challenges such as increased maintenance costs, lack of tool support, and difficulties finding, understanding and adapting reusable components.
The document discusses software evolution and reengineering. It describes how evolution is driven by change requests and continues throughout a system's lifetime. Reengineering involves restructuring software without changing functionality to improve maintainability. When evaluating legacy systems, organizations should consider the system's business value and quality to determine the best strategy - maintain, reengineer, replace, or retire the system. High value/quality systems are best maintained, while low value/quality systems should be replaced.
The document discusses software processes and managing change. It describes prototyping as a way to clarify requirements and explore design options before significant rework is required. Incremental development and delivery are presented as ways to accommodate change at low cost by developing and deploying the system in prioritized increments. The Rational Unified Process is introduced as an iterative process with phases for inception, elaboration, construction, and transition, with activities like requirements management and component-based design carried out within each phase through multiple iterations.
This document summarizes the key topics from the first chapter of Ian Sommerville's Software Engineering textbook. It introduces software engineering and explains its importance in developed economies. It discusses what software engineering entails, how it differs from computer science and system engineering. It also covers software processes and models, costs of software development, methods and CASE tools. Finally, it discusses professional responsibilities and ethical issues for software engineers.
This document discusses software configuration management (SCM). It provides definitions of SCM from sources like IEEE standards and the SWEBOK. SCM is defined as the process of managing changes to software projects through their lifecycle. Key aspects of SCM discussed include configuration items, versions and variants, baselines, change requests, SCM tools, and the unified change management process.
This document discusses rapid software development methods. It covers agile development methods like extreme programming (XP), which uses practices like test-driven development, pair programming, and frequent releases. XP emphasizes customer involvement, handling changing requirements, and maintaining simple code. Rapid application development and prototyping are also discussed. Prototypes help explore requirements and design but are discarded, while RAD relies on tools to quickly build database-driven business applications. The document compares incremental development, which starts with best-understood requirements, to throw-away prototyping, which starts with least-understood requirements.
The document introduces software engineering and discusses its importance. It explains that software engineering is concerned with the theories, methods and tools for professional software development. It also discusses key questions about software engineering, including definitions of software and the software engineering process. Professional and ethical responsibilities of software engineers are also covered.
The document describes the key activities in software engineering processes including software specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution. It explains that specification involves establishing requirements, design converts the specification into an executable system, validation ensures the system meets requirements through testing, and evolution adapts the software to changing needs. Structured design methods, the role of UML, CASE tools, and classifications of tools are also summarized.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.