This is about the health and Safety issue of workers during the covid-19.

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BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology
Assignment: Impact Of covid-19 on the health status of RMG
worker of Bangladesh
Course Title: Industrial Psychology
Course Code: PSY 3101
Batch: 192
Section: 02
Submitted By:
ID Name
191-181-101 Srabony dutta Ritu
192-074-101 Debashis Goswami Rudra
192-085-101 Debashis Debnath
Submitted To:
Md. Abdur Rakib
Assistant Professor and Head
Department of Social Sciences
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology

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Introduction:
Bangladesh is a lower middle-income country in South Asia with an impressive record of growth
and development over the past five decades. In this glorious history, the Readymade Garment
(RMG) industry has made a significant contribution. About 85% of foreign direct investment
(FDI) is encouraged by this sector. Due to the intense spread of this COVID-19 pandemic in
December 2019, the entire world economy has collapsed. Most of the countries have adopted
immediate lockdown to survive, as the world has seen a huge number of deaths (Kabir et. al.,
2020). In this regard, Bangladesh is no exception. Bangladesh government has decided to close
all institutional activities like RMG industries, schools, colleges, corporate offices etc. situation.
This article focuses on looking at the current situation facing the ready-to-wear industries and
how it affects large numbers of garment workers. The article follows the research question how
has the COVID-19 pandemic made a dramatic impact on the ready-to-wear industry in
Bangladesh? In addition, the paper uses a qualitative research approach to construct arguments
beyond the toxic experiences of the RMG industries in Bangladesh during this COVID-19 crisis
and makes recommendations to overcome them. They have to work for low wages as well as in a
dangerous, unsanitary and unsanitary working environment. The fashion industry has developed
in this way, making it difficult for workers to lead a normal life (ILO, 2020). And, during
COVID-19, RMG workers are the most affected as usual. But in times of pandemic, the sector is
slowing down day by day. Understanding the impact needs multidimensional analysis as this
group of people is already vulnerable to transmissible diseases, as they live and work in
congested places (ILO, 2020). The bitterest insecurity was imposed on them when they were
compelled to join the work immediately during the climax of the pandemic. The socio-economic
dimension is also a variable to analyze the impact. RMG workers are economically marginal, and
85% of them are women. Most of them are from rural areas. With their scanty income, they
manage their life as well as their family back in the villages. This condition also demonstrates
the possibility of long-term psychological stigma, social censorship, gender-based violence,
deprivation of basic rights such as the right to education, right to healthcare, etc. This study
investigates the consequence of COVID-19 from the health and safety, employment, livelihood,
and socio-economic perspectives. It also sheds light on the roles and responsibilities of
stakeholders such as the government, factory owners, trade unions, NGOs, etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by a new virus. The effects
of this virus have spread globally. It has been predicted that COVID-19 could create another
financial crisis like the 2008 one, called Child`s Play.
Research by Begum ET. Al. (2020) have significantly identified a number of socioeconomic
impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Research has discovered that some sectors such as
banking, dairy, farm, poultry, and money transfer, RMG, etc. severely affected by the pandemic
due to the outbreak into the global supply chain. Although the article identified impacts by
industry, it was largely ignored micro- and spillover effects of the crisis on marginal
communities such as unskilled workers, RMG workers and informal sector workers. It has
identified the impact of COVID-19 as a matter of unemployment. Research argues that a

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shrinking global economy as well as the local economy will lead to job losses. RMGs, transport,
tourism, banking and insurance, education sector more vulnerable to this crisis. Based on
secondary data, the study highlighted several key aspects of the RMG industries among is
different. As the orders from international buyers were shrunk, factories remained shut and
workers would be terminated the study argued. Though unemployment is a crucial consequence
among others, it cannot demonstrate a range of impacts on RMG workers. The report by
UNICEF (2020) revealed the scenario of COVID-19 implications on the RMG sector.
Illustrating the financial backlash of COVID-19, the study also expressed its concern for the job
security of RMG workers. It addressed the availability of hygiene practice in factories and the
impossibility of physical distance. The report also highlights the vulnerability of women,
especially the health security of children and pregnant women. The report does not mention
aspects such as mental health, pandemic-related social stigma, and more. A recent ADB report
(2020) revealed the low-intensity but rapidly escalating nature of crisis in the economic field. By
addressing non-economic impacts, he also emphasizes the importance of anti-crisis and post-
crisis social measures. Another study from BIGD (2020) identifies the roles of different
stakeholders in resolving the situation. Special the role of RMG industry unions has been
critically analyzed in this study. Kabir and. Al. (2020) addressed the social and livelihood
challenge of RMG employees related to COVID-19 crisis. He also addressed the political
ambiguity of the government and factory owners at the height of the crisis. Hence, the study
tended to find the negative consequences of such policy failure. Though the study contributed
significantly, it did not amalgamate the constitutional and legal terrain of labor rights. Overall,
the existing literature mostly focused on economic perspectives. Though some of the articles
included social issues, a few articles found having empirical investigation along with
Society & Sustainability, 3(1), 2021 28 Published by Research & Innovation Initiative, 3112
Jarvis Ave, Warren, MI 48091, USA microanalysis of socio psychological perspectives. This
study is going to contribute to this aspect...
On the other hand, during the devastating state of COVID-19 Bangladesh govt. opened up the
RMG sectors intending to compete the economic fall. Many scholars identify that it is a wrong
decision. At first govt. of Bangladesh are intended to open garments industry with 30% work
force but some industry open their garments with 50% work force and some of them are founded
to open their industry with 70%-80% work force and then safety issue is not work anymore.
According to institutional theory, it is a failure of Bangladesh govt. and other respective
authorities like BGMEA, NGOs, or other institution to tackle the pandemic situation of COVID -
19. From February 2020 to February 2021, it is noticed that serve lack of concern of RMG
employee during the covid-19.
Methodology:
The study has made on descriptive research, is conducted to identify different dimension of
challenges in readymade garment industry in Bangladesh. To come up with the result,
researchers were not required to visit the factory. For this reason, researchers have ignored the
direct data collection and surveys. Consequently, the research technique has relied based on
information from secondary sources. Those data collected through Journals, Research articles,

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Thesis papers, newspapers case studies, online news paper and survey reports, garments
Manufacturing Industries Annual reports, BGMEA Yearly report and Files. The data was
collected basically through skimming ad scanning out the findings of different secondary source.
After the completion of the data collection descriptive analyses was used illustrate the data. This
study did not use any unethical means to collect information.
Result and Discussion:
Workers losing their job in different industries:
Figure: Workers at risk of losing their jobs in the at different sector (Source: Databd.com)
In this pie chart, we can see that due to covid-19 RMG worker at high risk of losing their jobs.
Many people are related directly or indirectly to RMG industry. Their income are based on RMG
industry. The percentage of RMG worker to losing their job is 55%. If we take a look in the pie
chart, other industry workers also risk at losing their job. In Dairy industry the percentage of
losing their job is 47% percentage, in transportation industry 25% people are risk at losing their
job. In poultry industry 38% worker are risk at losing their job. Due to pandemic these industry
are effected so much then other types of industry. Many orders are cancelled due to lockdown.
Production were stopped, logistics supply was stopped and many other things were stopped. For
that salary was stopped and economic growth were hampered.
Impact of COVID-19 on RMG workers:
Due to the daily increase in the number of COVID19 infections in Bangladesh, the [Bangladesh
Government (GoB)] closed its factory on May 26th and 30th, 2020. As a result of the lockdown,
55%
47%
38%
25%
Workers risk atLosing Job( in percentage)
RMG Dairy poultry Transpotation

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the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) has factories
under the lockdown-government instructions are closed. In addition, the increased global
blockade by COVID19 could have made the garment transportation process a problem and
increased the demand for online purchases, while the supply chain could not meet the demand
due to changes in freight options was. As a result, about 10 million workers, including RMG
workers, returned home from Dhaka (the capital of Bangladesh, where most clothing factories
are located) because they could not stand on their own in Dhaka without work. Unfortunately, on
the return trip, no safety measures related to COVID 19 prevention, such as maintaining a
minimum safe distance from others, were observed. Many people were reported on buses, ferries
and trains without maintaining personal protection. Of infectious diseases.
On March 25, 2020, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh (Sheikh Hasina) announced a 500 billion
taka (US $ 587 925,000) stimulus to the export-oriented sector to combat the COVID 19
pandemic. She advised factory owners to use this money to pay workers and employees’ wages.
according to a study by (Manusher Jonno Foundation) staggering 99.8 percent of the 430
garment workers, covered by a survey, claimed that they were not infected with Covid-19,.Of the
workers, 95.8 percent said they didn't have information whether their co-workers were infected
or not. Only 1.8 percent of them mentioned that their family members were infected with the
virus, none of the respondents visited doctors or got tested for Covid-19 while 85.7 percent of
them suffered from fever and cold during the period. They doubted whether the symptoms were
related to the novel coronavirus, it said.
1. Situation of RMG sector during covid-19:
COVID-19 is an unprecedented shock in many ways, not just in terms of health. Economic,
social and security policy perspectives. The virus has already infected most of them Countries of
the world. According to the report, it has spread to 208 countries so far (Akter, 2020). Because
the modern world is highly connected in terms of terms of trade and economy, Information
technology, migration, and many other aspects, all of them Interruptions in one sector can lead to
dramatic changes in another. Therefore, the crisis of COVID 19 is but it affected almost every
sector of the nation, from politics, economy and society. It's just a health problem in the medical
sense. It has disrupted the global supply chain. As RMG the sector is deeply integrated into the
global supply chain and is quickly disrupted and strong. In Bangladesh, COVID 19 patients were
first identified on March 8, 2020. March 26 given the rapid spread of the virus, the government
National blockade. The RMG factory remained closed until May 30th. July 7, 2020, BGMEA
suddenly announced that it would open a factory. Workers were ordered to participate in the
service straight away. Such a declaration caused a turmoil among workers. It was then that the
situation was the worst there was no means of transportation to return from the village. Reported
in various news and public health Experts demanded that opening up such a dense labor market-
oriented sector during this period would be suicidal. Apex duration of infection. However,
dealing with national criticism, manufacturing unit proprietors determined to maintain the
factories closed some days more. Meanwhile, the authorities announced a stimulus package deal
of BDT 5000 crore for the export-orientated region to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of
the factories reopened after one month all even though the pandemic scenario changed into now

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no longer ordinary at this time (Kabir, 2020). The go with the drift of heaps of employee’s with
inside the morning have become not unusual place with inside the pandemic as though it
changed into ordinary time. In the subsequent segment of the article, we're going to research this
fact that how the rejoining of RMG employees at some stage in the disaster impacted their fitness
aspects. We also become aware of different variables which includes livelihood disaster, social
stigma, unemployment, etc.
2. Health, safety, and security;
COVID-19 is mainly caused by the SARSCoV2 virus, which spreads among people in the case
of one person. The infected person stays in touch with others. The virus can be transmitted from
an infected person a person's mouth or nose in a small particle of liquid during a cough, sneeze,
conversation, song, or breathing heavy. The size of these liquid particles comes from the larger
"breathing droplets" A small "aerosol". Others can become infected with COVID 19 when the
virus invades the mouth or nose. Or eyes. This is more likely to occur if the person is in direct or
close contact. Distance to infected person meters away (WHO2020a). Given these precautions
People are advised to maintain social distance, wear masks, use hand sanitizers, etc. Bangladesh
is a densely populated country. The RMG sector employs a large number of workers People who
work and live in metropolitan areas. Confirmed cases of COVID 19 patients Doubles in the first
week of deployment. On the 15th day, the case doubling was changed as follows: Triple, lasted
until May 4, 2020 (WHO2020b). Factory reopening led to high prices Vulnerability of COVID
19 infection to workers (The Financial Express, 2020). April 1997 Workers were found to be
positive for COVID 19 and 10 of them died (New Age, 2020). One of Researchers informed
important informants: "Our factory was open during COVID 19. We worked until 11 pm and
above. We had to work in a busy place. Workers were at increased risk of COVID 19 infection.
"(Individual Communication, November 30, 2020).
It was a matter of worried that RMG is a labor intensive and social sector distance and other
security measures are real challenges. RMG employees usually work hard various chronic health
problems such as headaches, respiratory illnesses, depression, etc. Due to unhealthy work
environment, nature of work, and the dust it produces, etc. From raw materials. Another health
risk, dysuria (painful or difficult urination) is like this Widespread among female garment
workers. Despite this illness some factories went well. One of the workers shared satisfactorily
Opinions like, "Our factory provides masks, checks the temperature and puts hand sanitizer at
the entrance plant. Each worker was also provided with an umbrella so he could walk on the road
to the factory. "(Personal communication, October 13, 2020).
One female was found among the respondents who confirmed COVID positive. She shared it she
was sent to the clinic when she was found to have a high temperature to enter the factory. To
That is, it has been tested and confirmed to be positive. Most of the respondents are from the
factory Use of hand sanitizers, masks and temperature controls by government and buyers Strong
instructions. Some of the workers working in factories outside the EPZ They claimed to have
been given only soap, but health protection was not properly followed. Their factory. They also
criticized the fact that the factory provides one medical facility. The "Showcase Project"
provides only simple tablets for fever. It offers nothing else Health check or care. And the

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corona-positive worker also guaranteed her COVID. Screening and treatment was performed by
local medical services, not company medical services. They too He added that he was
responsible for the cost of treatment. Only during a conversation two male respondents wore
masks and none of the female respondents wore masks.
3. Job security perspectives:
The RMG sector is a labor-intensive industry with 4 million employees. About 85% of that most
of them are woman (UNICEF, 2015). Percentage of females in some employment while in
Bangladesh the sector is small and the situation is different in the RMG sector. The sector seems
to be adopting for the majority of women, the important finding is that the workforce is cheap
and women. Less responsive to discrimination. During the interview, one respondent said: "My
wife was suddenly called into the factory's human resources department and her family had an
accident and had to go home. Then it became available as a blank sheet to sign. She was fired for
no reason. You staged this drama not paid due to severance pay. (Personal communication,
November 29 2020).
COVID19 pandemic linked to frequent incidence, ILO report says unemployment, layoffs and
layoffs. According to Bangladesh Garment Association of Manufacturers and Exporters, as the
global economy shrinks due to pandemic, 1,142 factories in Bangladesh lost orders worth 3.16
billion USD, affecting 2.26 million workers due to the severe impact of the pandemic (ADB
2020). The result is, The RMG sector is very vulnerable to mass layoffs. About 15,000 won
garment workers lost their jobs due to coronavirus in Bangladesh (Asia Foundations, 2020).
Bangladesh government has taken some necessary measures, a $588 million stimulus package to
require the apparel industry to pay wages owed (Financial Express, 2020). Only 2% interest will
be charged for the loan to the owners of the garments. Calculating the sum by the number of
laborers, it is determined that this stimulus package would just cover compensation for one
month. This projection had become visible when factories reopened after one month.
In another discussion, 2 respondents pointed out that one of the parts of their factory has been
closed, but they cannot say if these workers will be compensated or not. They just expressed
confidence in their factory to follow the right process. The overall scenario of job security in the
RMG sector through December 2020 is partially certain. Although overtime is reduced, regular
service is still maintained as original. Due to low wages, Bangladesh is still the preferred choice
of buyers even in previous years (Farhana et. al. 2015). Government stimulus, helped recovery
sector, some experts confided that the situation is turning gradually. The simulation pack is only
for export factories, but the cure to other respective subcontracting factories as well as their
workers still in doubt.
4. Livelihood crisis:
The pandemic situation has led to a worldwide livelihood crisis, especially for the disadvantaged
community; informal workers have fallen into extreme crisis (Chriscaden, 2020). In in the case
of Bangladesh, the economic blow of COVID-19 attenuated the impressive drop poverty rate.
Impact of COVID19 on poverty and livelihoods there are two discontinuities: the supply side and
the demand side. Shock Supplies comes from the cessation of economic activity, while the

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demand shock comes exports and remittances fell. According to a survey by SANEM, a negative
shock of 25% Household spending leads to poverty rate in Bangladesh rising to 20.5% in 2019
about 41% (Raihan, 2020). However, since the RMG sector includes a large market share of
economic activities and employing 4 million workers, the impacts COVID19 situation about
RMG workers. Most of the respondents admire that they face less than or there is no livelihood
crisis in this situation. One of the respondents stated that, “I am unable to pay the rent and
purchase bills due in the previous months because the factory has closed and we do not earn
regular salary except base salary” (Personal Correspondence, 19 October 2020).
The livelihood challenges identified by researchers are the inability to manage daily expenditure,
house rent, and foodstuffs. In addition, using monthly savings and borrowing from informal
sources are also identified. The supply-side shock disrupted the availability of commodities
during the lockdown. As a result, the price of several products was increased and it became
challenging for RMG workers to manage the expenditures with their limited earnings.
The livelihood crisis due to the pandemic situation is observed and acknowledged during focus
group discussion. Most of the participants along with key informer affirmed that they faced
complex livelihood crises during the time. There was a debate on "life or livelihood" imposing
lockdown. As the labor pattern of the country more adheres to the informal sector, the livelihood
crisis is so relevant, according to a key informer who used to work in an RMG factory and
presently working on labor rights.
Recommendation:
The COVID19 situation is not over yet. The impact of this pandemic is huge and it couldn’t find
a specific meaning in this timeframe. There may be a short time and long-term influence. In this
study, we identified a number of short-term and the truth about RMG's labor issues. To
understand the long-term implications, economic studies and public policy issues need to be
explored. In addition, as the field integrates strongly into global supply chain, the problem is
more common than in any other industry. This study tried found some underlying socioeconomic
consequences of COVID19 for RMG workers in Bangladesh has revealed an immediate picture
of the situation. This image will help future policy initiatives aimed at maintaining a sustainable
working condition and ensuring resilience in field.
Based on the findings and discussion with experts, this research proposes the following policy
recommendations:
Health Safety Scheme: A medical security plan should be implemented after health insurance
strategy and established clinics/hospitals specifically for dressing workers. This the program may
be funded by government social protection funds, co-financed buyers, and factory owners. In
addition, knowledge of occupational health and safety must be common among workers. To do
this, occupational health and safety employees must Appointed in each factory.
A Common Dialogue Forum: There is a communication gap among workers, trade union
leaders, factory owners, and the government. A common knowledge-sharing forum will facilitate
confidence building. This forum will find an inclusive solution for all the stakeholders and
reduce skepticism about each other.

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Strict Surveillance of Safety measures: Because some factory owners are reluctant to do so
Respecting health and safety, strict supervision is essential. So the government need to
strengthen its institutional capacity to appropriately monitor compliance. Offended, need to
ensure some other institutions such as regular trial by the labor court.
Funding: This project did not receive any funding.
Conclusion:
COVID19 has shaken the global economy. No one can predict the situation just because no one
get an idea of the time of the corona pandemic on Global. It is true that scientists can control The
COVID19 pandemic is the same as the previous pandemic, but its impact will remain. Due to
disease, the entire apparel supply chain is subject to change. Corn, no matter what happens in the
clothing industry, workers the group that suffers the most. So, it’s high time to think for the
future right now how we can support the most divesting workers in the apparel industry. It’s not
the only situation at the apparel workers, almost all daily workers face a similar situation and
don’t get any support from anybody. Hence, it needs to think strategically following a multi
stakeholder involvement for the welfare of the workers so that they won’t ace a similar situation
in the future financial crisis due to any kind of epidemic or economic crisis. Since most of the
data in this study is were collected using qualitative analysis, therefore, further research may
focus on analysis focuses on how suddenly the pandemic occurs, i.e. Rana Plaza's demise, or
COVID19, makes a difference health vulnerability for RMG employees. George Faller, chief
technical adviser of the ILO's RMG Programme, said "Throughout, the ILO has been working
with the government of Bangladesh in preparing several Covid-19 guidelines and training on
workplace safety and health and labor relations.
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