1. Development
Profile
of
India
[Pick
the
date]
Development
Profile
of
India
Atifa
Mahmoodi
Student
ID:
W1348660
Module
Leader:
Karen
Kufuor
MODULE:
BEQM608.2
Development
Economics
Submission Date: Thursday 3rd April 2014, 13.00 GMT
Word count excluding appendixes, executive summary, headings, & references : 3496

2. Student ID: W1348660 MODULE: BEQM608 Development Economics
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Executive Summary
India is the second most populated country located in south-Asia. This report looked into the
economic indicators of and analysed domestic and external policies that has contributed to
the development of India.
All data in this profile is collected form The World Bank,
Government of India Department of
Commerce, National bank of India, and other academic website. Raw data is collected and
plotted, graphs are manually plotted none of the graphs are copied they all drawn from the
raw data. All the currency is in USD ($).
It was found out that the Indian economy is getting healthy; the growth of industry is
increasing as a result workers are earning better, living standards improving and there is
availability of disposable income to be spend hence consumption increases.
The real economic growth of India in 2012 has declined (3.236%) compare to previous year
and so the unemployment rate (8.5%).
When the comparative research was carried out, and the HDI and GINI index of India was
compared to China the out of the research shows that though china is more populated than
India, its GPD per capita, HDI is comparatively better than India. However the GINI
coefficient indicates that there is inequality way more in china compare to India income is not
equally distributed.
A developing country like India, which has been occupied historically by several countries in
the last 2 centuries, its still struggling economic stability. The 1990s reforms has been
positive however it may not be suitable for the current situation hence there is a need for
more proficient and successful policies as adopted by other developing countries like China
and Brazil. The political frame needs to adopt long-term domestic policies, and also take into
consideration foreign policies. Transparent and equal regulation for all is suggested in order
stabilise economic growth and fully utilise the monetary policy. Monetary policy is considered
as a domestic policy and further analysed in section B.

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Contents
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................1
Section A ..........................................................................................................................3
1.0 India .........................................................................................................................3
2.0 Income level.............................................................................................................5
2.1 GDP Per capita ........................................................................................................5
2.2 India Vs. China Human development Index 2005-2012...........................................6
3.0 Poverty and Inequality..............................................................................................7
3.1 Gini Coefficient of India Vs. China ...........................................................................7
3.2 Poverty gap at $1.25 day and $2 a day ...................................................................8
4.0 Structure of the economy.........................................................................................9
4.1 Main Trading partners (Countries)............................................................................10
4.2 India Exports & Imports ............................................................................................11
5.0 Economic performance ..........................................................................................12
5.1 Real growth............................................................................................................12
5.2 Unemployment rate................................................................................................13
Section B ........................................................................................................................14
6.0 Domestic Policies .....................................................................................................14
Monetary policy ..............................................................................................................14
9.0 Conclusion................................................................................................................16
10.0 Bibliography............................................................................................................17
Appendix.........................................................................................................................19
A: India, Figure 1: Percentage of Rural & Urban population ..........................................19
B: Income Level..............................................................................................................19
B1: Figure 2, GDP per capita .........................................................................................19
B2: Figure 3, India Vs China Human development index...............................................19
C: Poverty and Inequality ...............................................................................................20
C1: Figure 4: Gini Coefficient of India from 1989-2012 ..................................................20
C2: Figure 5: India poverty gap $1.25 & $2 a day 2005-2012........................................20
D: Figure 6, Structure of the economy............................................................................20
D1: Figure 7: Main Trading Partners ..............................................................................20
D2: Figure 8: % of good and services imported into India and exported from India.......21
E: Economic performance ..............................................................................................21
E1: Figure 9: Real economic growth 2005-2012 ............................................................21
E2: Figure 10: Unemployment rate 2005-2012 ..............................................................21

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Section A
1.0 India
India, located in south Asia. It has a diverse landscape from desserts to mountains. India is a
lower middle-income country and the world second most populated country after china it is
total population in 2012 was 1.237 billion in 35 states. According to (Todaro and Smith,
2012), one of the common features of developing countries is that there is a larger rural
population but rapid rural-urban migration, as the figure (1) one shows 68% of India
population lives in urban parts of India, and the remaining 32% lives in the rural parts. In the
year 2012 India had an annual real economic growth of 3.2369%, and a reald GDP per
capita of $1106.8.
This report is a development profile of India. Section (A) of this report will analyse the
comparative development indicators of India such as income level, Poverty & inequality, the
structure of the economy and it is economic performance. Furthermore it will compare and
contrast HDI, and Gini coefficient of India with china to see the relative performance of India
VS China that’s due to the facts that India & China are likewise in the same geographic
region, and population. Section (B) of this report this report will pay particular attention into
the analysis of the role and significance of domestic policies that operated in India by the
Indian government for a better development and living standards of Indian Citizens. The
domestic policy analysed in section B of this profile is the monetary policy of India.

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Figure 1: Where India has been lately? Percentage of Rural & Urban population
Where India has been lately?
Location South Asia Year
Population 1.237 Billion 2012
GDP $1.842 Trillion 2012
GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$) 1106.8 2012
GNI per Capita $1580 2012
Poverty Headcount Ratio 21.9% 2012
Life Expectancy at Birth 66 2011
India HDI 0.554 2012
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 56.3 2012
Poverty gap at $1.25 a day (PPP) (%) 7.49 2010
School enrolment, primary (% net) 98.65 2012
Unemployment rate (%) 8.5 2012
Gini Coefficient 0.339 2010
Real Economic Growth 3.236943273 2012
(The World Bank, 2012), further refer to appendix A.
68%
32%
India
2012
Rural population
(% of total
population)
Urban population
(% of total)
1.237
Billion

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2.0 Income level
2.1 GDP Per capita
The bar graph below shows real GDP per capita of India 2000-2012 “GDP per capita is
gross domestic product divided by midyear population” (Data.worldbank.org, 2014). As it can
be seen in the figure bellow there is an upward trend in the real GDP per capita of India from
2000-2005 which clearly points to the growth in the Indian economy and productivity. In
2000 GDP per capita was $578.2 afterwards there was a steady rise in the GDP per capita
until 2004 and dramatic increase in 2006 ($797.3). Between the financial crises 2007-2008
the GDP per capita increased only by ($21.7) however there is substantial rise in the GDP
per capita in the 2012 year ($1106.8).
It can be illustrated that, the Indian economy is getting healthy; the growth of industry is
increasing as a result workers are earning better, living standards improving and there is
availability of disposable income to be spend hence consumption increases. As a result of
spending the service & manufacturing sector of the economy improves. And as the GDP per
capita tend to raise the share of agriculture declines (4.0 structure of the economy), which
indeed is a broad pattern of the developing economies.
Figure 2: India GDP per capita (constant 2005 US$)
Source: (The World Bank, 2012), further refer to appendix B1.
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
(USD
$)
Thousands
Year
India
GDP
per
capita
(constant
2005
US$)
India
GDP
per
capita
(constant
2005
US$)

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2.2 India Vs. China Human development Index 2005-2012
As it was mentioned earlier in the introduction of this country profile that India will be
compared to China in terms of its HDI and GDP per capita the reason why is it compared to
china is 1st
of all they are both located in the same geographic regions secondly, India has
the second highest population after China. According to (The World Bank, 2014) India had a
total population of (1.237 billion) in 2012 and China (1.351 billion). As the figure (3) below
shows Human development Index “An index measuring national socioeconomic
development, based on combining measures of education, health, and adjusted real income
per capita” (Todaro and Smith, 2012).
As it can be seen that HDI of India is considerably lower than that of china in the same
period across the years (2005-2012) in 2005 the HDI of India was (0.504) and that of China
was (0.637). Both in India and China the HDI has rose fairly in the span of 7 years. In 2012
the HDI of India was (0.554) and that of China was (0.699). Despite the fact that India has
less population China is still better off in the living standards. This might be due to the
statistical facts by (The World Bank, 2014), 1st
an estimate of mean years of schooling in
China is 7.5 years while that of India is 4.4 years. 2nd
adult literacy rate in china is 94% and
in India is 74.04% in 2011. 3rd
the infant mortality rate in India is 56.3 per 1000 live births in
2012 and that of china is 14 per 1000 live births in the same year.
Figure 3: Human development Index of India and China from 2005-2012
Source: (The World Bank, 2012), further refer to appendix B2.
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
HDI
(0-­‐1)
Year
India
HDI
India
HDI
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
HDI
(0-­‐1)
Year
China
HDI
China
HDI

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3.0 Poverty and Inequality
3.1 Gini Coefficient of India Vs. China
The bar-graph in figure (4) below illustrates the Gini coefficient of India Vs. China in three
different years after 5 years. According to (Todaro and Smith, 2012), Gini coefficient is “An
aggregate numerical measure of income inequality ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1
(perfect inequality). It is measured graphically by dividing the area between the perfect
equality line and the Lorenz curve by the total area lying to the right of the equality line in a
Lorenz diagram. The higher the value of the coefficient, the higher the inequality of income
distribution; the lower it is, the more equal the distribution of income”. The coefficient of India
and china from the graph below can be stated that the an-equal distribution of income in
India and china is widening, as it can be seen the Gini coefficient of china in 2010 was
0.4234 which way higher than that of India in the same year was 0.339. Moreover it is fast
and large widening in China compare to India. The GDP per capita of India is comparatively
lower $1034.42 than the GDP per capita of China in 2010 $2869. On the other Hand HDI of
the two countries is completely opposite of the India (HDI, 0.542) China (HDI, 0.689), thus it
can be said that equal distribution of poverty doesn’t necessarily mean that standard of living
in India is better than China.
Figure 4: Gini Coefficient of India Vs China
Source: (The World Bank, 2012), further refer to appendix C1.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
1994
2005
2010
GiniCoefficient(0-1)
Year
Gini Coefficient of India Vs China
GINI
India
Gini
China

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3.2 Poverty gap at $1.25 day and $2 a day
The scatter diagram below in figure (5) shows the poverty gap at $1.25 and $2 a day in the
span of 2005-2010 of India. “Poverty gap is the mean shortfall from the poverty line
(counting the non-poor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty
line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence” (The World Bank,
2012).
Poverty gap has been narrowing down since mid-2005; population has been getting closer
to its poverty line. Using $2 measure indicates the poverty gap will be eradicated much
sooner than using $1.25 measure. The poverty gap at $2 a day from 2005 reduced by 5.2%
in 2010 however the poverty gap at $1.25 a day declined only by 3.02% in the same year.
Figure 5: India poverty gap $1.25 & $2 a day 2005-2012
Source: (The World Bank, 2012), further refer to appendix C2.
2005, 29.49
2010, 24.47
2005, 10.51
2010, 7.49
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Povertygapratio
Year
Poverty gap at $1.25 a day & Poverty gap at $2 a
day 2005-2010
Poverty gap at
$2 a day
(PPP) (%)
Poverty gap at
$1.25 a day
(PPP) (%)

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4.0 Structure of the economy
The pie chart below in figure 1 shows the structure of the Indian economy in 2012. As it
indicates India is highly dependent on the services 57% of its economics structure is
services. The second largest sector of the Indian economy is Industry which accounts for
26% and 3rd sector which 17% of the economy structure allocates for agriculture
(Papola,
2012).
The Indian economy has been through several structural changes in the last 56 years.
During the independence times rural and agriculture were the main factors of the economy
when the new economic reforms were introduced in the early nineties. In the first 5 years the
components such as (forestry, fishing and agriculture) of the primary sector was far the
largest tailed by the tertiary and secondary sector. Subsequently the economic reforms of
modernization and openness of the Indian economy lead to higher percentage of secondary
and tertiary sector and a fall in the primary sector
(Dasgupta and Chakarborty, 2005). As
mentioned earlier the current Indian economy is largely dependent on services (57%) the
rapid incline of services accounts for the growth of business services & communication.
Figure 6: Structure of the economy
Source: (Government of India, Department of Commerce, 2012), further refer to appendix D.
17%
26%
57%
Strcture
of
Indian
Economy
(2012)
Agriculture
Industry
Services

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4.1 Main trading partners (Countries)
The figure below shows the top ten trading partners of India. The 1st
pie chart demonstrates
the percentage of imports (goods & services brought into India) India receives from its
trading partners and the 2nd
pie charts show the percentage of exports (goods and services
send to other countries) India sends to it is trading partners. As it is clearly seen that there
are top 3 countries out of the 10 from which India imports largely as it seen in the pie chart
below 17% of goods and services are imported from china in 2012, followed by the United
Arab Emirates 12% from UAE and 11% from Saudi Arabia. The 2nd
pie chart shows export
partners of India similarly to imports India largely exports to UAE 23% of its export is
delivered to UAE and USA followed by Singapore 9% and china 8% of goods and services
were exported from India to china in 2012.
Figure 7: Main Trading Partners
Source: (Government of India, Department of Commerce, 2012), further refer to appendix D1.
12%
17%
8%
11%
10%
3%
5%
3%
5%
6%
4%
3%
5%
4%
4%
India main Exports trading partners (Imports)
United
Arab
Emirates
China
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
Switzerland
Singapore
Germany
Hong
Kong
Indonesia
Iraq
Japan
Belgium
Kuwait
Iran
South
Korea
1
23%
8%
23%
6%
1%
9%
5%
8%
3%
1%
4%
3%
1%
2%
3%
India main Exports trading partners (Export)
United
Arab
Emirates
China
United
States
Saudi
Arabia
Switzerland
Singapore
Germany
Hong
Kong
Indonesia
Iraq
Japan
Belgium
Kuwait
Iran
South
Korea
2

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4.2 India Exports & Imports
The following pie charts illustrates the percentage of each goods and services exported and
imported into and from India. The pie chart at the left hand side represents the types of
goods and services exported from India and the pie chart hand side represents the goods
and services imported into India from its trading partners.
The as it shown the demand for Indian petroleum products is highest that’s 27%, followed by
the demand for gems and jewellery according to (Government of India, Department of
Commerce, 2012) 23% of Indian export accumulates gems & jewellery, an 11% of its export
to its trading partners are the pharmaceutical products. In return an India demand from its
trading partners is largely petroleum crude which accounts for 40% of its total imported items
in 2012. The second highest demand for foreign goods in India is 16% of the gold and
silver, and 9% of electronic goods.
Figure 8: % of good and services imported into India and exported from India
Source: (Government of India, Department of Commerce, 2012), further refer to appendix D2.
27%
23%
11%
10%
7%
7%
5%
4%
3%
3%
India's Top Export Items
Petroleum products
Gems & Jewellery
Pharma Products
Transport Equipments
Machinery &
Instruments
Readymade Garments
Manufactures of Metals
Electronic Goods
Rubber, Glass &
Products
Cotton Yarn & Fabrics
40%
16%
9%
8%
8%
5%
4%
4%
3%
3%
India
Top
Import
Items
Petroleum Crude
Gold & Silver
Electronic Goods
Pearls & Precious Stones
Non-electrical machinery
Organic & Inorganic
Chemicals
Coal, Coke & briquettes
Transport Equipment
Metalliferrous Ores &
Products
Iron & Steel

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5.0 Economic performance
5.1 Real growth
Unlike any developing countries the Indian economy is steadily rising India has seen many
turns and twists during since the independence of India -2012 as the figure below illustrates
the real economic growth of India. As it is clearly seen in 2008 there is a shock in the real
growth, this could be due the collapse in the Lehman brothers when the global financial firm
went bankrupt in September 2008 and caused financial crisis. As USA is one of the main
trading partners of India both in terms of exports (23%), and imports (8%). The demand for
export in 2008 dropped rapidly and emerging economies such as India were hit badly.
Theoretically, real economic growth considers the changes in inflation as inflation plays an
important role in the GDP of any economy. It takes the purchasing power into consideration
and the adjustment of inflation. In case of India in 2008 real economic growth was only 3.890
% however there is significant increase in 2009 continued to 2010 accounted for 10.54%.
Nevertheless the growth rate did not stay sound there is a dramatic decline in 2011 followed
by 2012 this was caused by the government reforms which aim to shrink their budget deficit
“from 4.8% of GDP in fiscal year of 2010-2011 to 3.7%” (Rbi.org.in, 2014). According to the
(The World Bank, 2014) the real economic growth of India has been decreasing for the two
consecutive years 2011-2012 as in 2011 it was 6.33% and 2012 it was nearly halved to
3.23% this was largely due to higher inflation which declined “private final consumption
expenditure” (CEIC, 2014).
Figure 9: Real economic growth 2005-2012
Source: (The World Bank, 2014) further refer to appendix E1.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
%
of
real
Econonmic
growth
Year
India
Real
Economic
growth
2005-­‐2012
Real
Economic
growth

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5.2 Unemployment rate
The bar graph (figure10) bellow shows the unemployment rate in India from 2005-2012.
There are several fluctuations in the unemployment rate in India from 2005-2012. During
2008 the unemployment rate was far the lowest in the last 8 years it accounted for 6.8%,
however it significantly increased in 2009 (10.7%). Many factors caused the unemployment
rate in India there was transaction in the structure of the economy as the Indian economy
transformed from agriculture dependent to Services dependent. A specific problem was the
work force in the agriculture was the highest but it struggled to create more than enough
jobs. This caused migration of people from rural to cities. As the skills of agriculture do not
meet the skills of services it was difficult for India to create jobs between the two different
sectors. The unemployment rate continued to increase until 2010 (10.8%). And declined to
8.5% in 2012.
Figure 10: Unemployment rate 2005-2012
Source: (Indexmundi.com, 2013), further refer to appendix E2.
9.9
7.8
7.2
6.8
10.7
10.8
9.8
8.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Percentage
%
Year
India
Unemployment
rate
2005-­‐2012
Unemployment
rate

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Section B
6.0 Domestic Policies
Monetary policy
The ( RBI) reserve bank of India plays a major role as a financial & monetary institution it’s
the reserve bank of India which sets the monetary policy, and its aim and objections. The
key role played by RBI is “money Supply” and “the rate of interest” which has a significant
impact on both inflation and rate of employment in the Indian economy. From the early 90s
reforms India has goaled to maintain a high economic growth, stable prices and equal social
integrity all across the India (The Economic Times, 2014).
Some rules were prioritised during the reform, such as 1st
the “cash reserve ratio” (CRR) and
the “Statutory liquidity ratio” (SLR) are reduced slowly in the period of the reform from 15+
percentages incremental “CRR” of 10.5 percentage into a 6 level, and the “SLR” is
decreased from30.5 % to 24%, which has increased loanable funds in the commercial banks
(Mehta, 2011). The reserve bank of India, administrates the Indian monetary policy
throughout “open Market operation, bank rate policy, reserve system, credit control policy,
and various other instruments” by aiming to changes in the interest rate, and “money supply”.
Currently The Bank of India aims to lower the general level of prices, by taking into
consideration the supply of money, and the extension of the credit in order to reach the
necessity of multi sector of the Indian economy to stabilise economic development.
Secondly, the reform focused the improvement and availability of the micro finance banking
system in rural part of India, for instance “self help group”. The third priority was
diversification of the banking sector, for the sake of maintaining the monetary method in
India. The banks of ICICI “Industrial credit and investment corporation of India”, and UTI
“Unit trust of India” has challenged the public banks in India into high teach, innovation and
competitiveness in the private banking sector which forced the banks to find “subsidiaries in
Mutual funds, merchant banking, Venture capital, insurance etc”. (Rbi.org.in, 2014)
Further more, the early 90s reforms, aimed to improve growth and stability in the Indian
economy, which were taken into consideration in the monetary policy. There was a
considerable improvement in the use of advance technology and transparent banking
system, for instance identifying income source. In addition, the trade sector also adopted
many regulation, such as decline in the tariffs, control on imports, and “general trade
liberalisation” and etc.

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The growth of money supply was higher than predicted they expected to be 15.5% in 2011,
however it was 1.2% more than its actual predication, which caused a higher rise in term
deposits and control of the currency growth. Liquidity continued in the deficit, and an
increase in day to day borrowing which caused depreciation of the Indian currency (Mehta,
2011). The monetary policy of India face many phases during 1991, though there has been
may adjustment in the monetary policy, however the structure stays the same as it was back
in the 90s.
As the Indian currency depreciated, and GDP was and caused and India had low growth
level compare to a developing country. The Reserve Bank of India realised the importance of
clarity and transparency of the monetary policy and the new governor of RBI announced a
new modifications, Dr. Raghuram Rajan announced mid-quarter changes in the monetary
policy. In his monetary policy he declared that the aim of the policy is to reduce the rate of
inflation and improve the growth rate of the Indian economy (Mehta, 2011). “The changes
included cutting down the MSF (Marginal standing facility rate) by 75 basis points and
reducing the daily minimum CRR balance to 95% of the current requirement” (Mehta, 2011).
Currently the monetary policy in India aim to focus on “easing the liquidity” and trying to slim
down the “the current account deficit”. High inflation and depreciation of the currency is a
burden in the balance sheets of corporates and banks. As the inflation is the core element of
the Reserve Bank of India, hence its taking measures to maintain the inflation rate by
controlling the “money supply” and “real interest rate” in the Indian economy.

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9.0 Conclusion
Thus, to conclude there are been an enormous structural changes in the Indian economy, it
has been changing after the independence from highly dependent on agriculture to services.
According (Ranjan, and Gorantla, 2013) they argue, that “Although India is possessing a
large domestic market, broad based industrial and infrastructure sectors, abundant supply of
cheap labour, a huge number of educated and trained manpower and adequate natural
resources to attain competitiveness India has yet to reap the benefits of such changes to the
fullest extent”.
It was found out that the living standard of chines citizens is better compare to that of India it
was compared by the human development index (HDI), in 2012 the HDI of India was (0.554)
and that of China was (0.699). Even though there an equal distribution of income in India
compare to China. Several economic and social reforms have been taken into action in India
for various reasons, such as sustainable economic growth, improving the living standards of
the Indian citizens and, global competitiveness. As in this profile we looked at the monetary
policy as a domestic policy.
A developing country like India, which has been occupied historically by several countries in
the last 2 centuries, its still struggling economic stability. The 1990s reforms has been
positive however it may not be suitable for the current situation hence there is a need for
more proficient and successful policies as adopted by other developing countries like China
and Brazil. The political frame needs to adopt long-term domestic policies, and also take into
consideration foreign policies. Transparent and equal regulation for all is suggested in order
stabilise economic growth and fully utilise the monetary policy. Theoretical developing
countries have a intense corruption and “shadow markets” paying a particular attention into
them may led to faster economic growth & development. “Dominance of Cash Transaction
impacts the money supply mechanism and regulatory distortions in the economy (Mehta,
2011)”. Launching a control mechanism on the “money supply “ will led the economy grow in
a more suitable routes and in a further systematized manner (Sinha, 2013).

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10.0 Bibliography
Ahluwalia, M. S., (2014). Economic Reforms in India Since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?.
[Online] Available at:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aea/jep/2002/00000016/00000003/art00005
[Accessed: 25 Apr 2014].
Bank, T. W., (2014). India | Data. [Online] Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/india
[Accessed: 26 Mar 2014].
Censusindia.gov.in., (2014). Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census
Commissioner, India. [online] Available at: http://censusindia.gov.in/ [Accessed: 25 Apr
2014].
Chadha, R., Deardorff, A. V., Pohit, S. and M. Stern, R., (1998). The Impact of Trade and
Domestic Policy Reforms in India. [Online] Available at:
http://muse.jhu.edu/books/9780472026937 [Accessed: 25 Mar 2014].
Ciaonet.org.,(2008). Columbia Discovery Service. [Online] Available at:
http://www.ciaonet.org/atlas/IN/Economy/Economic_structure/20080808_16719.html
[Accessed: 26 Mar 2014].
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2 Apr 2014].
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19. Student ID: W1348660 MODULE: BEQM608 Development Economics
18
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Appendix
A: India, Figure 1: Percentage of Rural & Urban population
Year Rural population (% of total population) Urban population (% of total)
2012 68.34 31.66
B: Income Level
B1: Figure 2, GDP per capita
GDP
per
capita
(constant
2005
US$)
Year
India
2000
578.2
2001
596.2
2002
609.0
2003
646.7
2004
687.3
2005
740.1
2006
797.3
2007
863.5
2008
885.2
2009
947.7
2010
1034.2
2011
1085.7
2012
1106.8
B2: Figure 3, India Vs China Human development index
Year India HDI China HDI
2005 0.504 0.637
2006 0.512 0.65
2007 0.523 0.662
2008 0.527 0.672
2009 0.535 0.68
2010 0.542 0.689
2011 0.547 0.695
2012 0.554 0.699

21. Student ID: W1348660 MODULE: BEQM608 Development Economics
20
C: Poverty and Inequality
C1: Figure 4: Gini Coefficient of India from 1989-2012
Year
GINI
Coefficient
India
Gini
Coefficient
China
1994
0.3082
0.355
2005
0.3338
0.4248
2010
0.339
0.4234
C2: Figure 5: India poverty gap $1.25 & $2 a day 2005-2012
Year
Poverty
gap
at
$1.25
a
day
(PPP)
(%)
2005
10.51
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
7.49
D: Figure 6, Structure of the economy
Year Agriculture Industry Services
2012 17.4 26.1 56.5
D1: Figure 7: Main Trading Partners
Country Exports Imports
United Arab Emirates 36,265.15 38,436.47
China 13,503.00 54,324.04
United States 36,152.30 24,343.73
Saudi Arabia 9783.81 34,130.50
Switzerland 1,116.98 29,915.78
Singapore 13,608.65 7,754.38
Germany 7,244.63 14,373.91
Hong Kong 12,278.31 8,078.58
Indonesia 5,331.47 14,774.27
Iraq 1,278.13 20,155.94
Japan 6,099.06 12,514.07
Belgium 5,506.63 10,087.16
Kuwait 1,060.80 16,569.63
Iran 3,351.07 11,603.79
South Korea 4,201.49 13,461.25

22. Student ID: W1348660 MODULE: BEQM608 Development Economics
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D2: Figure 8: % of good and services imported into India and exported
from India
India's trade basket
Top Export Items (FY 2012) US$ bn Top Import Items (FY 2012) US$ bn
Petroleum products 56 Petroleum Crude 155
Gems & Jewellery 47 Gold & Silver 62
Pharmaceutical Products 24 Electronic Goods 33
Transport Equipment’s 21 Pearls & Precious Stones 31
Machinery & Instruments 14 Non-electrical machinery 30
Readymade Garments 14 Organic & Inorganic Chemicals 19
Manufactures of Metals 10 Coal, Coke & briquettes 17
Electronic Goods 9 Transport Equipment 14
Rubber, Glass & Products 7 Metalliferrous Ores & Products 13
Cotton Yarn & Fabrics 7 Iron & Steel 12
E: Economic performance
E1: Figure 9: Real economic growth 2005-2012
GDP (constant 2005 US$) Consumer price index (2005 =
100)
Real Economic
growth
834215013542.69 100.00 9.284831501
911496398332.55 106.15 9.26396475
1000835444693.22 112.91 9.801360326
1039777522245.86 122.34 3.890957076
1127948409206.48 135.64 8.479783903
1246906269979.25 151.91 10.546392
1325841890242.58 165.37 6.330517551
1368758640113.53 180.77 3.236943273
E2: Figure 10: Unemployment rate 2005-2012
Year Unemployment rate (%)
2005 9.9
2006 7.8
2007 7.2
2008 6.8
2009 10.7
2010 10.8
2011 9.8
2012 8.5