Conceptual frameworks for understanding global jihadism braniff
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This brief is meant to serve as an introduction to global jihadism, by examining the al-Qa'ida centric movement from multiple vantage points, including grand historical, theological, political, virtual and organizational.
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Extremism, especially religious extremism, has become a major challenge in Pakistan that threatens social cohesion and national security. It manifests through violent acts by extremist groups and human rights violations when extremists gain power. While some argue extremism stems from political grievances, others believe the extremist ideology itself justifies antagonism. Reformist Muslim voices are seen as critical to countering extremist narratives. In Pakistan, extremism in recent years has led to over 1,700 terrorist attacks in 2013 alone, carried out mainly by the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, killing over 2,400 people. Beyond organized groups, extremism is also growing at the individual level and destroying families and society.
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Assignment 7
This document discusses the rise of Islamic fundamentalism and Salafism through the process of globalization. It argues that Salafism emerged in response to feelings of lost glory and cultural imposition from the West. Salafism aims to return Islam to a puritanical past and resist Western influence. The document examines how globalization has spread Salafism and allowed militant groups like Al-Qaeda to gain influence. However, it notes that terrorism is often a response to geopolitical and socioeconomic issues rather than religious doctrine alone. Alienated members of Western societies may be most prone to radicalization, feeling torn between cultures. Overall, the document analyzes how global interconnectedness has contributed to the rise and spread of Islamic fundamentalism
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This document discusses psychology of terrorism. It defines terrorism and examines complexities such as whether someone is a freedom fighter or terrorist. It explores the history of terrorism through various groups. It profiles some prominent terrorists and their backgrounds. It categorizes terrorists into true believers, adventurers, and useful fools. Key attributes that can lead to terrorist recruitment are discussed. Terrorists are generally described as not being poor, disenfranchised, mentally ill, or intellectually deficient. The conclusion is that while experts know what terrorists are not, there is no consensus on what exactly they are.
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This chapter discusses different social science approaches to understanding terrorism. It outlines frameworks for examining terrorism as a social process influenced by individual interpretations within groups. Two main approaches are the meaning framework, which focuses on how individuals and groups interpret reality, and the structural framework, which looks at how terrorist organizations function. The chapter also addresses justifications for terrorist violence, differences between terrorist and criminal behavior, debates around profiling terrorists, and models of radicalization.
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This document discusses possible topics related to religious extremism for an upcoming event. It provides brief biographies of several potential speakers with expertise in related areas such as cults, radical Islam, religious terrorism, and the intersection of religion, politics, and society. A wide range of subtopics are listed that cover various religious extremist groups, ideologies, behaviors, and the social and psychological factors involved. The document aims to identify knowledgeable individuals and topics that could help explore the complex and multifaceted issue of religious extremism from different perspectives.
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The document discusses various psychological and sociological theories that attempt to explain terrorism and extremism. It covers psychopathological theories that examine the relationship between terrorism and mental illness. It also discusses rational choice theory, which views terrorist actions as rational decisions to achieve political goals. Several sociological theories are outlined, including social learning theory, frustration-aggression theory, relative deprivation theory, oppression theory, and national cultural theory. Finally, it analyzes psychoanalytic psychological theories of terrorism, including those focused on identity, narcissism, and paranoia.
An Introduction to Terrorism, by Professor Joel hayward
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Recognise some major forms of terrorism
Understand some basic motivations behind them
Understand the nature and scope of the threat to us
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The document discusses political violence and its various forms such as war, genocide, human rights violations, torture, police brutality, and brutality by armed forces. It provides examples like the Holocaust, Abu Ghraib torture, and accusations against India's armed forces. Political violence has significant short and long term effects on societies like physical/psychological trauma, financial losses, migration, and prolonged social division. The document also discusses two case studies: the 2002 Godhra riots in India and the ongoing Arab uprisings that began in 2010 in response to authoritarianism and other grievances.
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This document provides an abstract for a research paper on Islamophobia and the media's portrayal of Islam since 9/11, with a case study on the Danish cartoon controversy in South Africa. The abstract discusses how the media plays a fundamental role in shaping societies' opinions on issues and how most people rely on media sources for news. It notes that 9/11 and its media coverage contributed to the worsening of Islamophobic sentiment globally. The researcher aims to explore the impact of media on the concept of Islamophobia, especially post-9/11. The conclusion is that instead of acting to create understanding between Western society and Muslims, the media acted negatively against Islam.
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Briefly analyzes religious extremism in the global and Indian contexts and concludes that this poses the single biggest threat to India's national integrity. It could also be the driving force for a second Partition of India
Chausse_Brian_Book_Report
The document summarizes Robert Spencer's 2008 book "Stealth Jihad" which argues that radical Islamists have infiltrated American society, government, and education through covert means rather than traditional terrorism or violence. Spencer outlines how Islamic extremist groups like the Muslim Brotherhood employ "stealth jihad" through manipulating moderate Muslim organizations in the US to slowly undermine Western values and promote Islamic supremacy. He warns that accommodations made in the name of multiculturalism are actually part of a grand strategy to impose Sharia law and that critics of Islam are often silenced through accusations of Islamophobia.
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Assessing the current and long-term success of the Islamist insurgent group, the “Islamic State” (hereafter “ISIS”), requires not only identifying prerequisites for conducting insurgency but also assessing the group’s ability to attain the goals proclaimed by its ideology or program. Such success or failure can be determined by a systematic comparison with other Islamist insurgent groups which have either failed or succeeded in achieving their stated objectives. Examining the historical and theological backgrounds of movements, such as al Qaeda and Hezbollah, reveals that success requires having visible leadership openly controlling a territory and providing security and social services to its population. The importance of territorial control, a social-political infrastructure, and external legitimation is demonstrated by the relative success of groups enjoying Iranian support, such as Hezbollah, over Islamist groups following the non-state strategy of al Qaeda. ISIS has a visible leadership openly controlling a territory and providing at least minimal security and social services to its population but lacking belligerent status and having rejected alliances with like-minded Salafist groups sharing most of its goals. Another essential but often overlooked condition for success for militant Islamist movements is the endorsement of the traditional Muslim Ulema as guardians of the Islamic faith.
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It seems Indian politics has entered into a most dangerous phase, where the national and political mainstreams are eagerly rushing to support anti-national and terrorists on campuses. As if that in not enough, they are teasing patriots, who are seething to see such shamelessly open demonstrations of treason, calling them fascist and enemies of free speech and expression.
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Islam jihad terrorism and world peace
Trying to share some perspective with the madness going on in the world with terrorism and lack of basic humanity.
Jihad in Islam
This document contains information about four individuals and discusses concepts related to jihad. It begins by listing four names and student identification numbers. It then quotes a verse from the Quran about not turning one's back in battle. The document discusses exceptions for strategic retreats or joining other troops. It also defines and explains four types of jihad: against one's self or desires (jihad al-nafs), through knowledge and intellectual efforts (jihad bil'ilm), through financial support (jihad bil mal), and through physical fighting or war (jihad bil saif) as a last resort in defense. It concludes by providing definitions for jihad as struggling for Allah/Islam and qital as fighting for Allah
Islam And Terrorism
The document discusses the common misconceptions that Muslims are fundamentalists and terrorists, and that Islam was spread by the sword. It provides several arguments against these ideas:
1) Not all fundamentalists are bad, and a Muslim fundamentalist simply means one who follows the teachings of Islam which promote peace.
2) Islam could not have been spread by the sword as Muslims ruled many lands like Spain and India for centuries without converting the majority of people, who remained non-Muslim.
3) The rapid spread of Islam was due to the inherent appeal of its message of equality, justice, and rational thinking. The Quran explicitly prohibits compulsion in religion.
The concept of Jihad in Islam
This document discusses the concept of Jihad in Islam. It begins by covering Islamic beliefs and then defines Jihad as meaning struggle or effort for excellence, which can take three forms: struggling against one's own evil desires; struggling against evil in society; and struggling in battle for self-defense or to end oppression. It notes that valid reasons for military Jihad include self-defense, resisting occupation, and protecting religious freedom, but that Jihad does not mean forcing religion on others or fighting for personal power or wealth. The document outlines Islamic rules of warfare, such as offering peace first, protecting non-combatants, avoiding destruction, and just treatment of prisoners. It stresses that Jihad should not be connected to terrorism.
What is Jihad?
Jihad has multiple meanings in Islam including striving to achieve a goal or using one's resources to please God. There are two types of jihad - the greater jihad which is overcoming one's desires and the lesser jihad which is actions taken for God. Jihad aims to purify oneself, attain true humanity, and achieve peace. War in Islam is only permissible for self-defense or when freedom of religion is oppressed. Terrorism and killing innocent people are strictly forbidden in Islam.
Slide jihad- meaning and purpose
The document discusses different perspectives on the meaning and purpose of Jihad in Islam. It examines Jihad from linguistic, scholarly, and Quranic perspectives. Key points include that Jihad linguistically means "to struggle" and can take various non-violent forms, such as spiritual, mental or verbal struggles. Scholars categorize Jihad as including struggles against oneself, Satan, non-believers, and hypocrites. The ultimate purpose of Jihad is to fulfill one's duty in spreading and defending Islam.
Jihad
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang definisi jihad dalam Islam yang tidak hanya berarti perjuangan fisik melawan musuh, tetapi juga perjuangan pikiran dan melawan hawa nafsu. Dokumen tersebut juga membedah pendapat ulama salaf tentang jihad sebagai kewajiban fardhu kifayah atau fardhu ain, serta kondisi dan syarat bagi seseorang untuk diwajibkan berjihad.
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Lecture 9 counter terrorism
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1) Religious terrorism being the fourth wave of terrorism evolution. Religiously motivated groups growing six-fold from 1980-1992. Religious terrorists view violence as morally justified or necessary for their cause.
2) The Islamic State and Boko Haram representing a potential "fifth wave" of cult-like, millenarian terrorism resistant to rational explanations. Their pursuit of a new society leads to genocidal violence.
3) Future terrorism becoming more sophisticated through use of remote-controlled weapons and disruption of infrastructure. Biological weapons pose a growing threat if designed for mass destruction rather than small-scale attacks. Containing nonconventional
Lecture 9 counter terrorism
The document discusses trends and future forms of terrorism. It analyzes religiously motivated terrorism as the 4th wave of terrorism and describes characteristics of 5th wave cult-like terrorist groups like ISIS and Boko Haram. It also examines the impact of ISIS mentoring jihadist groups in North Africa and discusses challenges of countering terrorism in democracies without compromising civil liberties or using torture.
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Terrorism under the guise of “Islamic Jihadist” Movement: Do these represent ...
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This document discusses the history of terrorism in Pakistan. It notes that terrorism became a prominent tool for political agendas in the late 1960s, used by Palestinians. Terrorism in Pakistan has significantly increased since 2001, with over 35,000 Pakistanis killed by 2009. After the US invasion of Afghanistan, al-Qaeda and Taliban sought refuge in Pakistan's tribal areas. Structural flaws in the tribal regions allowed militant groups like the Taliban to operate and offer parallel security/judicial systems. Religiously motivated terrorism poses a major threat today from groups drawing inspiration from Islam, Christianity, and other religions. Militant groups in Pakistan also have sectarian agendas and connections to international terrorist organizations.
Extreme islam
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Muslim World in encountering terrorism(journal paper)
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Misconception about Islam
This document discusses the differences between jihad and terrorism in Islam. It provides historical context on the origins of military rulings and warfare in early Islamic states. While jihad can involve fighting, it aims to establish an Islamic order according to God's commands and is not meant to fulfill human desires. In contrast, terrorism involves committing crimes against humanity to inject fear in people. Most Muslims condemn terrorist attacks as violating the Quran. The document emphasizes that the war on terrorism is not a war on Islam, and that Islam consistently condemns terrorism.
Terrorism and counter terrorism strategy
The document discusses various aspects of counter-terrorism strategies and policies of the UN, EU, and USA. It provides details on the UN's global counter-terrorism strategy which has 4 pillars and is reviewed every 2 years. The strategy focuses on conflict prevention, capacity building, ensuring human rights, and strengthening UN roles. It also compares the US strategy before and after 9/11, noting it placed more emphasis on using force after 9/11. Overall, the document analyzes and compares the different approaches taken by these organizations to counter terrorism.
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Analyzing Five Decades of Incidents, Study Finds Synagogues Most Frequent Location of Attacks Against Jewish Community
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Al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State: A tale of two caliphates_Braniff
- The Islamic State's (IS) vision for establishing a Caliphate capitalized more successfully on post-Arab Spring conditions in Iraq and Syria than al-Qaeda's (AQ) vision through sectarian violence and resource mobilization.
- IS has been able to "manage the savagery" of internecine fighting, as theorized by Abu Bakr Naji, to speed up AQ's long-term phased approach to restoring the Caliphate.
- Both AQ and IS have incentives to carry out "far-enemy" attacks but for different strategic reasons, and ideological developments have allowed IS to accelerate its timeline more than AQ's original strategy envisioned.
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Overview of preventing and countering violent extremism
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Conceptual frameworks for understanding global jihadism braniff
- 1. Conceptual Frameworks for Understanding Global Jihadism Bill Braniff Executive Director, START braniff@start.umd.edu www.start.umd.edu
- 2. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Historical Context: Framing the Grievance The Salaf Crisis and Response Mongol Invasion Ibn Taymiyya Mohammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab Sayyid Qutb Decline of the Ottoman Empire Post-Colonial Failures Prophet Muhammad 1. Abu Bakr 2. Umar 3. Uthman 4. Ali
- 3. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Theological Context: Situating al-Qa’ida ISLAM ISLAMISM SUNNISM VIOLENT JIHADISM FUNDAMENTALISM AQ CORE
- 4. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Political Context: The Competitive Landscape Islamism Violent Activism Local Jihadism GSPC Irredentist Jihadism LeT Global Jihadism al-Qa’ida Political Activism Hizb ut- Tahrir Muslim Brotherhood Missionary Activism Tablighi Jama’at AQIM
- 5. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Virtual Context: Landscape of the e-Jihad Media Distribution Media Production Companies Indi Blogs Key Ideologues Web Forums GIMF The Social Network Al-Fajr
- 6. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Evolution of the Global Jihad Local Jihad SE Asia North Africa Central Asia HoA Balkans Chechnya Egypt Jordan Saudi Arabia AQ Associated Groups AQ Affiliated Groups AQ Core Anti-Soviet Jihad MAK est. AQ est. 1800s-1900s 1979 1988 2001 ie., ASG, LeT, GSPC ie., AQI, AQAP, AQIM AQ Inspired Global AQ Network Global 1984 2010 Irredentist Jihad Palestine Kashmir
- 7. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Conceptualizing Global Jihadism The Franchise Affiliates Networked Associated Organizations AQ Core The Idea Autonomous Adherents Adherents
- 8. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism The Franchise The Idea Associated Organizations Autonomous Adherents American Shabaab The Ummah JIS Little rock FT Dix 6 Zazi Smadi Finton Headley NoVa MAJ Hassan AQ Core Five Guys Newburgh Affiliated Organizations Networked Adherents Boyds Abdulmutallab Vinas Mehana
- 9. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Animating the Model Conflict Zone Economy Propaganda Trained Fighters Drugs $, Men, Weapons Org C Organizational Infrastructure Org B Conflict Zone 2 Conflict Zone 3 Narratives: • Othering • Victimization • Resistance
- 10. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism Key Take-Aways • AQ has inherited a militant and fundamentalist ideology which surfaces at moments of crisis, which it interprets and amplifies • AQ sits on the periphery of Islam, cloaking itself in unassailable Sunni terms, but acting outside of Sunnism • AQ coexists with more popular Islamist actors with which it frequently competes at the organizational level, and sometimes collaborates with at the individual level • AQ is one (elitist) voice among a very crowded virtual landscape, making for a more populist Global Jihad • The Global Jihad is a multi-faceted and dynamic phenomenon in which AQ is one central player