The document is a student assignment on the topic of whether computer hacking is ethical. It begins with an introduction to ethics and definitions of key concepts like utilitarianism. It then provides context for why the topic was selected and introduces computer hacking and the original hacker ethics from the 1960s. The main section discusses whether hacking is ethical based on four views of ethics. It concludes that hacking can be considered ethical if it follows the principles of not harming systems and helps improve security.
This document discusses science and technology. It defines science as knowledge gained through observation and experimentation, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge to create machines and structures. The document outlines the main branches of science and some advantages and disadvantages of both science and technology. It distinguishes between science, which discovers natural laws through experimentation, and technology, which applies scientific knowledge to design and produce things. In conclusion, while both science and technology provide benefits to daily life, they also have some negative impacts.
Sub-zero temperatures caused two water main breaks in Maryville, Missouri. This led the city to issue a precautionary boil advisory for the northwest part of town, including the local university. City crews worked through the night to repair the first break and into the morning to fix the second. The city manager announced the advisory and said test results were expected the next day to determine if the water was safe. The university closed for the day due to the extreme cold and advisory.
This document discusses the relationship between environment and technology. It defines environment as the total sum of all surroundings of living organisms, including natural forces and other living things. Technology is defined as the collection of techniques, methods or processes used in the production of goods and services. The document then examines some positive and negative effects of technology on the environment, such as how technology has enabled cleaner energy sources but has also increased pollution and strained natural resources to support population growth and industrialization. It explores the challenges of achieving sustainable development that balances economic needs with environmental protection.
This document summarizes a pilot study on the relationship between indoor air quality, air quality index (AQI), and chronic health diseases. It finds that women and children are most vulnerable to poor indoor air quality because they spend more time at home. Activities like cooking with biomass fuels, smoking, incense burning, and mosquito coils negatively impact indoor air quality and increase respiratory symptoms and diseases like COPD. The study measures AQI, which ranges from 0-500, with higher numbers indicating more unhealthy air. It finds AQI is affected by particulate matter, SO2, and NOx levels from activities like cooking, heating, and consumer products. Poor indoor air quality poses health risks and is linked to increased mortality and
Indoor air quality index and chronic health diseaseeSAT Journals
Abstract Approximately about 2 million premature deaths per year in developing countries by indoor pollution this is estimated by WHO (2006). Indoor activities (cooking, smoking, incense, mosquitoes coil and others), building characteristics and outdoor climatic conditions have affected indoor air quality environment. Especially young and unemployed people spend about 90% of their times in indoor environment so, air quality index (AQI) is now becomes the essential task for determine the quality of indoor homes. Indoor air quality index concern to pollutant concentration. AQI = 1/3 [SPM/SSPM + SO2/SSO2 + NOx/SNOx ] x 100. More will be the value of AQI more hazardous will be the quality. One of the most important parameter for indoor air quality is particulate matter (PM2.5) and due to long exposure to particulate matters may lead to mortality. Women and children are mainly affected by indoor pollution because they spend more time in homes as compare to others. So, increased the respiratory symptoms, decreased the lung function, increased lung cancer incidence, cardiovascular mortality and accelerated artherosclerosis and vascular inflammation all these ill effects mainly observed in women’s and infants.
Вдруге Парк культури організовує Зимовий парк! Минулого року єдине зимове атракційне містечко у Львові відвідало понад 30 000 людей. Цього року Зимовий парк буде ще масштабніший і більш незалежний від погодних умов.
Зимовий парк - це місце різноманітного відпочинку для львів’ян та гостей міста. Тільки тут можна покататися на санчатах, лижах, сноутюбах, насолодитися різними стравами та напоями на ярмарку, відвідати цікаві заходи у центральній частині міста на природі!
This document discusses science and technology. It defines science as knowledge gained through observation and experimentation, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge to create machines and structures. The document outlines the main branches of science and some advantages and disadvantages of both science and technology. It distinguishes between science, which discovers natural laws through experimentation, and technology, which applies scientific knowledge to design and produce things. In conclusion, while both science and technology provide benefits to daily life, they also have some negative impacts.
Sub-zero temperatures caused two water main breaks in Maryville, Missouri. This led the city to issue a precautionary boil advisory for the northwest part of town, including the local university. City crews worked through the night to repair the first break and into the morning to fix the second. The city manager announced the advisory and said test results were expected the next day to determine if the water was safe. The university closed for the day due to the extreme cold and advisory.
This document discusses the relationship between environment and technology. It defines environment as the total sum of all surroundings of living organisms, including natural forces and other living things. Technology is defined as the collection of techniques, methods or processes used in the production of goods and services. The document then examines some positive and negative effects of technology on the environment, such as how technology has enabled cleaner energy sources but has also increased pollution and strained natural resources to support population growth and industrialization. It explores the challenges of achieving sustainable development that balances economic needs with environmental protection.
This document summarizes a pilot study on the relationship between indoor air quality, air quality index (AQI), and chronic health diseases. It finds that women and children are most vulnerable to poor indoor air quality because they spend more time at home. Activities like cooking with biomass fuels, smoking, incense burning, and mosquito coils negatively impact indoor air quality and increase respiratory symptoms and diseases like COPD. The study measures AQI, which ranges from 0-500, with higher numbers indicating more unhealthy air. It finds AQI is affected by particulate matter, SO2, and NOx levels from activities like cooking, heating, and consumer products. Poor indoor air quality poses health risks and is linked to increased mortality and
Indoor air quality index and chronic health diseaseeSAT Journals
Abstract Approximately about 2 million premature deaths per year in developing countries by indoor pollution this is estimated by WHO (2006). Indoor activities (cooking, smoking, incense, mosquitoes coil and others), building characteristics and outdoor climatic conditions have affected indoor air quality environment. Especially young and unemployed people spend about 90% of their times in indoor environment so, air quality index (AQI) is now becomes the essential task for determine the quality of indoor homes. Indoor air quality index concern to pollutant concentration. AQI = 1/3 [SPM/SSPM + SO2/SSO2 + NOx/SNOx ] x 100. More will be the value of AQI more hazardous will be the quality. One of the most important parameter for indoor air quality is particulate matter (PM2.5) and due to long exposure to particulate matters may lead to mortality. Women and children are mainly affected by indoor pollution because they spend more time in homes as compare to others. So, increased the respiratory symptoms, decreased the lung function, increased lung cancer incidence, cardiovascular mortality and accelerated artherosclerosis and vascular inflammation all these ill effects mainly observed in women’s and infants.
Вдруге Парк культури організовує Зимовий парк! Минулого року єдине зимове атракційне містечко у Львові відвідало понад 30 000 людей. Цього року Зимовий парк буде ще масштабніший і більш незалежний від погодних умов.
Зимовий парк - це місце різноманітного відпочинку для львів’ян та гостей міста. Тільки тут можна покататися на санчатах, лижах, сноутюбах, насолодитися різними стравами та напоями на ярмарку, відвідати цікаві заходи у центральній частині міста на природі!
Red Hat began in 1993 with a vision of developing better software through open source collaboration. It is now a leading provider of open source enterprise IT products and services, used by over 90% of Fortune 500 companies. Red Hat drives innovation by bringing together customers, partners, and communities to develop technology. It offers commercial products coupled with services, and sponsors open source projects, sharing benefits with customers. Red Hat's subscription-based model provides a simple way for IT departments to deploy innovative technologies and solutions.
El documento describe el terrorismo en el Perú, definiéndolo como el uso de la violencia para fines políticos por parte de individuos o grupos. Explica que los objetivos del terrorismo incluyen separar a la población de las autoridades y destruir organizaciones sociales. Luego resume la evolución de dos movimientos terroristas en el Perú: Sendero Luminoso surgió en los 1980s con el objetivo de una revolución maoísta, mientras que el MRTA se formó en 1982 a partir de facciones de izquierda. El documento concluye
Il concetto di marca nella società del consumi.
La presentazione ripercorre l'evoluzione dei consumi, del ruolo della marca, dei concetti di segmentazione e posizionamento, per analizzare l'emergere dell'emotional branding.
Infine, viene discussa nel dettaglio la visual identity con un approfondimento sul marchio.
5 - Anthology on the Ethical Issues in Engineering Practice (presented in a M...Youness Lahdili
This document discusses three key ethical issues in engineering practice: environmental ethics, computer ethics, and ethics in research. For environmental ethics, it discusses engineers' responsibility to consider the environmental impacts of the technologies they design and to follow principles of sustainable design. For computer ethics, it discusses issues like intellectual property, privacy, and how computers impact society. Engineers must ensure ethical use of computers. For research ethics, it discusses the importance of conducting research ethically and avoiding falsifying data. Engineers have a duty to protect participants and keep data accurate.
The document discusses the Neolithic Revolution and how it led to major changes in human societies around 10,000 years ago as hunter-gatherers transitioned to early farming in places like the Fertile Crescent. During this revolution, humans began domesticating plants and animals, which allowed for a more sedentary lifestyle and the growth of the first large human settlements and civilizations. The transition to agriculture and pastoral farming had wide-ranging effects and ultimately changed human lifestyle and culture in fundamental ways.
How To Write Case Study Essay Examples. Case StuMonroe Anderton
This document discusses how to write a case study essay and provides steps to get writing assistance online. It explains that users can create an account, submit a request with instructions and deadline, and writers will bid on the request. The user can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and receive the paper. Revisions are allowed to ensure satisfaction, and plagiarized work results in a refund.
[PDF Notes] Write an Essay on Energy Conservation 2023. Write a short essay on Energy Conservation | Essay Writing | English .... Paragraph On Energy Conservation 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words For ....
[PDF Notes] Write an Essay on Energy Conservation 2023. Write a short essay on Energy Conservation | Essay Writing | English .... Paragraph On Energy Conservation 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words For ....
Essay On College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSPMelissa Otero
College Essay Examples - 9 in PDF Examples. College and Education - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Essay websites: Essay on the importance of college education. College Education: Should Education be Free Essay. St Joseph Hospital: College Application Essay. Importance of college education essay. Free importance of education .... 004 Essay Example Why Is College Important On Importance Of Education .... College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. FREE 11 Sample College Essay Templates in MS Word PDF. Argumentative essay on college education. Sample College Application Essay 5. 021 10067 Thumb College Education Essay Thatsnotus. How to Write In College Essay Format OCC NJ. College Admissions Essay Workshop - 9 Types of Supplemental Essays .... Admission essay: Being a college student essay. This is How You Write a College Essay College application essay .... College Essay: Graduate school essay sample. Why College Should Be Cheaper Essay. Essay On The Importance Of College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSP. Why Do You Think College Education Is Important Essay. Impressive Essay On Education Thatsnotus. Essay for education - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. College education essay - 24/7 Homework Help.. Education in College - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Everyone Should Enjoy a Free College Education - Free Essay Example .... 26 Outstanding College Essay Examples / - Example of a college essay .... Writing An Essay To Get Into College - Writing a strong college .... College essay: Importance of college education essay. Essay on why college education is important Essay On College Education Essay On College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSP
What Is A Good Leader Essay. Leadership Essay Writing: Useful Guide Pro Essa...Holly Warner
The paper proposes an ultra-modern digital video watermarking scheme that uses discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to embed watermarks in the high frequency (HF) sub-band of video frames. This combined DWT-SVD approach embeds watermarks in a way that makes them robust against various attacks on the watermarked video. The paper evaluates the performance of this new watermarking scheme by testing it against different types of attacks.
1. The insurance industry uses diversification to average out risks by including a large portfolio of independent risks.
2. This paper discusses two types of home insurance - standard home insurance and homeowners insurance - and compares the risks associated with each.
3. The risks covered and how risks are diversified differs between standard home insurance, which mainly covers damage to the physical structure of the home, and homeowners insurance, which provides broader coverage for both the home and personal property.
This document discusses several global issues including the role of multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, and weapons development. It provides information on how MNCs operate in multiple countries and both the benefits and threats they pose. Environmental ethics and its importance in protecting the environment is covered. Key issues in computer ethics like privacy, accuracy, property and access are outlined. Finally, the document discusses some reasons why engineers may be involved in weapons development but questions if wars ever truly achieve peace.
professional ethics chapter 5- global issues, business and environmental ethi...05AkshithaaMP
Global issues are problems that affect the entire planet and potentially all people living on it, such as climate change. Globalization integrates countries through commerce, technology transfer, and cultural exchange. Multinational corporations operate in multiple countries and can benefit both host and home economies but also cause social and environmental problems. Business ethics principles for multinational corporations include respecting human rights and cultures in host countries and providing fair compensation. Environmental ethics concerns the moral issues around protecting the environment from harm caused by industry, technology, and human activities like waste disposal. Major global environmental issues include plastic waste, e-waste, pollution from industrial waste, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and acid rain.
Sport Essay Questions In 2021 Essay Writing, EssaMaggie Cavanaugh
1. The document discusses the chocolate sector of Côte d'Ivoire, which produces nearly half of the world's cocoa.
2. Côte d'Ivoire developed a reputation for quality mass production of cocoa in the 1980s, which made the cocoa trade highly influential to its economy.
3. While Côte d'Ivoire dominates global cocoa supply, market power is complex, and its goal of influencing prices has faced challenges.
Knowledge Management Essay. Knowledge Management as a Source of Business Succ...Melissa Otero
Strategic Importance of Knowledge Management Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. (PDF) An essay on the state of knowledge management. Knowledge management. - A-Level Business Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Supporting Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Striking Essay On Knowledge ~ Thatsnotus.
Unit 2-GE 6075 – PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING ...Mohanumar S
This document discusses various aspects of engineering ethics. It begins by defining engineering ethics as the study of related moral questions about people and organizations involved in technical activities. It then discusses the variety of moral issues engineers may face, including safety-related disasters. It also covers types of ethical inquiries, moral dilemmas, moral autonomy, and theories related to developing moral reasoning skills. The document outlines different perspectives on professional roles and responsibilities. Finally, it discusses some key theories for determining right action, including utilitarianism, rights ethics, and duty-based ethics.
Cooking Contest Central is a website that provides information on national and local cooking contests, including contest archives, news, profiles of winners, and their winning recipes. Visitors can view general information for free, while members get additional benefits like alerts about upcoming contests and listings organized by deadline, audience (professionals, kids, etc.), and type (jingle contests, essay contests). The site aims to be a comprehensive resource for finding and entering various cooking competitions.
A Model Argumentative Essay. Online assignment writing service.Amelia Richardson
The document discusses the failure of school integration efforts in the US over four decades. It argues that integration failed because none of the methods used, such as busing and magnet schools, were actually effective. Busing was a hassle and many magnet schools were created for disingenuous reasons rather than to truly integrate schools. The document concludes that after trying various strategies, America has given up on integration because nothing worked.
Red Hat began in 1993 with a vision of developing better software through open source collaboration. It is now a leading provider of open source enterprise IT products and services, used by over 90% of Fortune 500 companies. Red Hat drives innovation by bringing together customers, partners, and communities to develop technology. It offers commercial products coupled with services, and sponsors open source projects, sharing benefits with customers. Red Hat's subscription-based model provides a simple way for IT departments to deploy innovative technologies and solutions.
El documento describe el terrorismo en el Perú, definiéndolo como el uso de la violencia para fines políticos por parte de individuos o grupos. Explica que los objetivos del terrorismo incluyen separar a la población de las autoridades y destruir organizaciones sociales. Luego resume la evolución de dos movimientos terroristas en el Perú: Sendero Luminoso surgió en los 1980s con el objetivo de una revolución maoísta, mientras que el MRTA se formó en 1982 a partir de facciones de izquierda. El documento concluye
Il concetto di marca nella società del consumi.
La presentazione ripercorre l'evoluzione dei consumi, del ruolo della marca, dei concetti di segmentazione e posizionamento, per analizzare l'emergere dell'emotional branding.
Infine, viene discussa nel dettaglio la visual identity con un approfondimento sul marchio.
5 - Anthology on the Ethical Issues in Engineering Practice (presented in a M...Youness Lahdili
This document discusses three key ethical issues in engineering practice: environmental ethics, computer ethics, and ethics in research. For environmental ethics, it discusses engineers' responsibility to consider the environmental impacts of the technologies they design and to follow principles of sustainable design. For computer ethics, it discusses issues like intellectual property, privacy, and how computers impact society. Engineers must ensure ethical use of computers. For research ethics, it discusses the importance of conducting research ethically and avoiding falsifying data. Engineers have a duty to protect participants and keep data accurate.
The document discusses the Neolithic Revolution and how it led to major changes in human societies around 10,000 years ago as hunter-gatherers transitioned to early farming in places like the Fertile Crescent. During this revolution, humans began domesticating plants and animals, which allowed for a more sedentary lifestyle and the growth of the first large human settlements and civilizations. The transition to agriculture and pastoral farming had wide-ranging effects and ultimately changed human lifestyle and culture in fundamental ways.
How To Write Case Study Essay Examples. Case StuMonroe Anderton
This document discusses how to write a case study essay and provides steps to get writing assistance online. It explains that users can create an account, submit a request with instructions and deadline, and writers will bid on the request. The user can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and receive the paper. Revisions are allowed to ensure satisfaction, and plagiarized work results in a refund.
[PDF Notes] Write an Essay on Energy Conservation 2023. Write a short essay on Energy Conservation | Essay Writing | English .... Paragraph On Energy Conservation 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words For ....
[PDF Notes] Write an Essay on Energy Conservation 2023. Write a short essay on Energy Conservation | Essay Writing | English .... Paragraph On Energy Conservation 100, 150, 200, 250 to 300 Words For ....
Essay On College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSPMelissa Otero
College Essay Examples - 9 in PDF Examples. College and Education - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Essay websites: Essay on the importance of college education. College Education: Should Education be Free Essay. St Joseph Hospital: College Application Essay. Importance of college education essay. Free importance of education .... 004 Essay Example Why Is College Important On Importance Of Education .... College Essay Format: Simple Steps to Be Followed. FREE 11 Sample College Essay Templates in MS Word PDF. Argumentative essay on college education. Sample College Application Essay 5. 021 10067 Thumb College Education Essay Thatsnotus. How to Write In College Essay Format OCC NJ. College Admissions Essay Workshop - 9 Types of Supplemental Essays .... Admission essay: Being a college student essay. This is How You Write a College Essay College application essay .... College Essay: Graduate school essay sample. Why College Should Be Cheaper Essay. Essay On The Importance Of College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSP. Why Do You Think College Education Is Important Essay. Impressive Essay On Education Thatsnotus. Essay for education - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. College education essay - 24/7 Homework Help.. Education in College - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Everyone Should Enjoy a Free College Education - Free Essay Example .... 26 Outstanding College Essay Examples / - Example of a college essay .... Writing An Essay To Get Into College - Writing a strong college .... College essay: Importance of college education essay. Essay on why college education is important Essay On College Education Essay On College Education. 24 Greatest College Essay Examples RedlineSP
What Is A Good Leader Essay. Leadership Essay Writing: Useful Guide Pro Essa...Holly Warner
The paper proposes an ultra-modern digital video watermarking scheme that uses discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to embed watermarks in the high frequency (HF) sub-band of video frames. This combined DWT-SVD approach embeds watermarks in a way that makes them robust against various attacks on the watermarked video. The paper evaluates the performance of this new watermarking scheme by testing it against different types of attacks.
1. The insurance industry uses diversification to average out risks by including a large portfolio of independent risks.
2. This paper discusses two types of home insurance - standard home insurance and homeowners insurance - and compares the risks associated with each.
3. The risks covered and how risks are diversified differs between standard home insurance, which mainly covers damage to the physical structure of the home, and homeowners insurance, which provides broader coverage for both the home and personal property.
This document discusses several global issues including the role of multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, and weapons development. It provides information on how MNCs operate in multiple countries and both the benefits and threats they pose. Environmental ethics and its importance in protecting the environment is covered. Key issues in computer ethics like privacy, accuracy, property and access are outlined. Finally, the document discusses some reasons why engineers may be involved in weapons development but questions if wars ever truly achieve peace.
professional ethics chapter 5- global issues, business and environmental ethi...05AkshithaaMP
Global issues are problems that affect the entire planet and potentially all people living on it, such as climate change. Globalization integrates countries through commerce, technology transfer, and cultural exchange. Multinational corporations operate in multiple countries and can benefit both host and home economies but also cause social and environmental problems. Business ethics principles for multinational corporations include respecting human rights and cultures in host countries and providing fair compensation. Environmental ethics concerns the moral issues around protecting the environment from harm caused by industry, technology, and human activities like waste disposal. Major global environmental issues include plastic waste, e-waste, pollution from industrial waste, depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, and acid rain.
Sport Essay Questions In 2021 Essay Writing, EssaMaggie Cavanaugh
1. The document discusses the chocolate sector of Côte d'Ivoire, which produces nearly half of the world's cocoa.
2. Côte d'Ivoire developed a reputation for quality mass production of cocoa in the 1980s, which made the cocoa trade highly influential to its economy.
3. While Côte d'Ivoire dominates global cocoa supply, market power is complex, and its goal of influencing prices has faced challenges.
Knowledge Management Essay. Knowledge Management as a Source of Business Succ...Melissa Otero
Strategic Importance of Knowledge Management Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. (PDF) An essay on the state of knowledge management. Knowledge management. - A-Level Business Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. Knowledge management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... Supporting Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... Striking Essay On Knowledge ~ Thatsnotus.
Unit 2-GE 6075 – PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING ...Mohanumar S
This document discusses various aspects of engineering ethics. It begins by defining engineering ethics as the study of related moral questions about people and organizations involved in technical activities. It then discusses the variety of moral issues engineers may face, including safety-related disasters. It also covers types of ethical inquiries, moral dilemmas, moral autonomy, and theories related to developing moral reasoning skills. The document outlines different perspectives on professional roles and responsibilities. Finally, it discusses some key theories for determining right action, including utilitarianism, rights ethics, and duty-based ethics.
Cooking Contest Central is a website that provides information on national and local cooking contests, including contest archives, news, profiles of winners, and their winning recipes. Visitors can view general information for free, while members get additional benefits like alerts about upcoming contests and listings organized by deadline, audience (professionals, kids, etc.), and type (jingle contests, essay contests). The site aims to be a comprehensive resource for finding and entering various cooking competitions.
A Model Argumentative Essay. Online assignment writing service.Amelia Richardson
The document discusses the failure of school integration efforts in the US over four decades. It argues that integration failed because none of the methods used, such as busing and magnet schools, were actually effective. Busing was a hassle and many magnet schools were created for disingenuous reasons rather than to truly integrate schools. The document concludes that after trying various strategies, America has given up on integration because nothing worked.
This document discusses various ethical concerns related to technology use. It begins by defining ethics as standards of right and wrong that guide human behavior. It then examines ethics in education, technology, libraries and for digital learners. Key topics covered include intellectual freedom, privacy, plagiarism, copyright, cyberbullying, internet filtering and acceptable use policies. Guidelines are provided around defining objectionable content, using intellectual property, and communication misuse. The role of teachers and librarians in promoting ethical and responsible technology use is also addressed.
1
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:1
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 2-7
PART ONE:
What ethically significant harms and benefits can data present? 7-13
Case Study 1
PART TWO:
Common ethical challenges for data practitioners and users
Case Study 2
Case Study 3 25-28
PART THREE:
What are data practitioners’ obligations to the public? 29-33
Case Study 4
PART FOUR:
What general ethical frameworks might guide data practice?
PART FIVE:
What are ethical best practices for data practitioners? 48-56
Case Study 5 57-58
Case Study 6 58-59
APPENDIX A: Relevant Professional Ethics Codes & Guidelines (Links) 60
APPENDIX B: Bibliography/Further Reading 61-63
1 Thanks to Anna Lauren Hoffman and Irina Raicu for their very helpful comments on an early draft of this module.
33-39
39-47
13-16
17-21
21-25
2
An Introduction to Data Ethics
MODULE AUTHOR:
Shannon Vallor, Ph.D.
William J. Rewak, S.J. Professor of Philosophy, Santa Clara University
1. What do we mean when we talk about ‘ethics’?
Ethics in the broadest sense refers to the concern that humans have always had for figuring out
how best to live. The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C. that “the most important
thing is not life, but the good life.”2 We would all like to avoid a bad life, one that is shameful
and sad, fundamentally lacking in worthy achievements, unredeemed by love, kindness, beauty,
friendship, courage, honor, joy, or grace. Yet what is the best way to obtain the opposite of this
– a life that is not only acceptable, but even excellent and worthy of admiration? How do we
identify a good life, one worth choosing from among all the different ways of living that lay open
to us? This is the question that the study of ethics attempts to answer.
Today, the study of ethics can be found in many different places. As an academic field of study,
it belongs primarily to the discipline of philosophy, where it is studied either on a theoretical
level (‘what is the best theory of the good life?’) or on a practical, applied level as will be our
focus (‘how should we act in this or that situation, based upon our best theories of ethics?’). In
community life, ethics is pursued through diverse cultural, religious, or regional/local ideals and
practices, through which particular groups give their members guidance about how best to live.
This political aspect of ethics introduces questions about power, justice, and responsibility. On a
personal level, ethics can be found in an individual’s moral reflection and continual strivings to
become a better person. In work life, ethics is often formulated in formal codes or standards to
which all members of a profession are held, such as those of medical or legal ethics. Professional
ethics is also taught in dedicated courses, such as business ethics. ...
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, privacy, and resolving conflicts as managers.
This document discusses various global issues related to engineering. It covers topics like multinational corporations, environmental ethics, computer ethics, weapons development, engineers as managers, consulting engineers, and more. For each topic, it provides details on definitions, concepts, examples, case studies, philosophical views, and moral/ethical considerations. It examines issues like technology transfer, appropriate technology, environmental impact of projects, property rights in computers, and resolving conflicts as managers.
This document is a student assignment on the topic of talent management. It includes an introduction to talent management, the need for talent management, challenges in talent management, the role of HR, and examples of talent management practices at Accenture and Infosys. The conclusion discusses future trends in integrated talent management.
This document discusses succession planning, including its importance, process, challenges, and an example. Succession planning is a process for identifying and developing internal talent to fill key leadership roles. It is important for an organization's future success and dealing with an aging workforce. The process involves identifying candidates, assessing their readiness, and developing plans to address weaknesses. Challenges include lack of job descriptions, priority from management, and retaining talent. The example describes how GE successfully planned the succession of its CEO role by grooming multiple internal candidates over time.
SWOT Analysis and formulation of Marketing Mix for Colgate sensitiveVivekanandan M
This document contains a SWOT analysis and proposed marketing mix for Colgate Sensitive toothpaste. It begins with an introduction to the FMCG industry and SWOT analysis. A table presents the SWOT analysis for Colgate Sensitive, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The document then proposes a marketing mix strategy for the product and concludes with a brief summary.
SWOT Analysis and formulation of Marketing Mix for Colgate sensitive PPTVivekanandan M
This document presents a SWOT analysis and marketing mix formulation for Colgate Sensitive toothpaste. It begins with an introduction to the FMCG industry and Colgate as a leading brand. A PEST analysis is then conducted to identify political, economic, social and technological opportunities and threats for Colgate Sensitive. A SWOT analysis identifies the product's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Finally, the marketing mix elements of product, price, place and promotion are formulated. Examples are given for each element, such as price points, distribution channels, and advertising strategies. The conclusion emphasizes that SWOT and marketing mix analyses are important steps in the marketing planning process.
This document provides a summary of different business models used in the IT industry. It begins with introducing business models and describing the key components of a business model. It then provides context on the IT and ITES industries in India. The main body summarizes various business models for IT product development companies, including licensing, subscription, and royalty models. It also summarizes business models for IT services companies, such as time and material, fixed cost, offshore development center, and software as a service models.
The document provides an analysis of two individuals' Big-5 personality test results. It begins with an introduction to personality and the Big-5 model, which measures five traits: agreeableness, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. It then presents the test results for two individuals, labeled Person-A and Person-B, comparing their scores. The document concludes by discussing the values that the Big-Five model provides to managers for understanding employees' personalities.
This document provides information about a study analyzing the pricing and sales of biscuits. Specifically, it examines Krackjack biscuits and Britannia 50-50 biscuits sold in three malls in Bangalore, India. The key findings are:
1) The price of Krackjack and its substitute Britannia 50-50 are the same across the three malls studied.
2) Weekly sales of both products are highest on weekends and lowest mid-week.
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1) ACC Ltd saw growth in sales, profits and capacity additions from 2007-2009, while JK Cement saw declines in 2008-2009 due to economic slowdown.
2) For both companies, increases in raw material, fuel and labor costs contributed to rises in the cost of finished goods from 2007-2008.
3) ACC's cost of finished goods declined from 2008-2009 due to
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Computer hacking – Is it Ethical
1. COVER PAGE
Title : Computer hacking – Is it Ethical?
Subject : OVBE
Level / Semester : I / Feb 2010
Programme : MBA-FULL TIME
Subject Tutor : Dr. Jaishree Desai
Name of Student : Vivekanandan M
Student’s Registration Number : GPBL-B/F10/15
Date of Submission : Mar 26, 2010
Word Count : 921 words
Word Limit : 1000 words
i
2. Checklist
Students Name Vivekanandan M
Registration Number GPBL-B/F10/15
Date of submission of the Assignment
26/03/2010
Is the cover page in the correct format as indicated in the
“Guidelines to writing Assignments”?
Yes
Have I done a complete spell-check of the Assignment?
Yes
Have I done a complete word count for the Assignment?
Yes
Does the table of contents include numbers?
Yes
Are the pages numbered correctly?
Yes
Are the figures numbered correctly?
NA
Are the tables/charts numbered correctly?
NA
Are the captions for the tables and charts proper?
NA
Are the references/bibliography listed in the Assignment?
Yes
Are the references cited correctly in the text?
NA
All references material has been cited from the books & the
University of Wales online library. Any other internet
source quoted is with the permission of the module tutor.
NA
Are the references in the text in the proper format as
indicated in the “Guidelines to Writing Assignments”
Yes
Has the soft copy of the Assignment been enclosed?
Yes
Declaration:
All material written in this assignment is my own and I have not used any material,
content or information of others claiming them to be mine. Wherever materials have
been used, proper citation has been done in the text. I am fully aware of the rules
and regulations governing plagiarism. Should at any point of time my work be
suspected/investigated and established to have been plagiarized, I am aware of the
consequences. I have read the Student’s Handbook in detail.
___________________
Signature of the student Date: 26/03/2010
ii
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE No.
Introduction to Ethics 1
What is Ethics? 1
Reason for selecting this topic 2
Introduction to computer hacking 2
Ethics in computer hacking 2
Computer hacking – Is it Ethical? 3
Conclusion 4
Bibliography 5
iii
4. Introduction to Ethics:
During the past two centuries, world economy has grown drastically, per capita income rose
by 8 times when the world population has increased by 5 times. The rapid growth of
economic development has led to erosion of values and ethics. Today ethics has become a
tool for consistent economic growth and for managing complex economic problems.
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a field of study dealing with what is right or wrong for a given situation. Ethics can
also be defined as a method or procedure for deciding how to act.
There are 4 concepts of Ethics, developed by moral philosophers over a period of time, they
are,
1. Utilitarism
2. Deontologism
3. Relativism
4. Egoism
1. Utilitarism – In this view, morality of an action can be determined by its
consequences. An action is ethical if the consequences are good compared to bad for
the greatest number.
2. Deontologism – In this view, actions are not justified by their consequences. Factors
other than good determine the rightness of the action.
3. Relativism – In this view, there is no universal standard by which morality can be
judged. What is right for one society might be wrong for another society.
4. Egoism – In this view, one ought to act in his or her own self interest. This does not
mean that one should not obey laws.
Ethical Dilemma – Ethical dilemma is a complex situation in which none of the available
alternatives seems ethically acceptable. In other words, ethical dilemma is complex situations
in which guiding moral principle cannot determine which course of action is right or wrong.
1
Global warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of earth surface. The major
reason for global warming is Pollution, (i.e) emission of carbon di oxide. Power plants which uses fossil fuel
to generate electricity, emits maximum carbon di oxide to the atmosphere. Automobiles using fossil fuel
pollute the atmosphere by emitting harmful gases like carbon di oxide, nitrous oxide. Other reasons for
pollution include, burning of oil during winter, deforestation and transportation industry (airways, railways
and roadways).
Effects of Global Warming:
Increase in earth surface temperature has impact on the following systems and the consequences have
chain reaction impact on its subsequent systems.
Glaciers
Weather
Weather
Business
Glaciers – Rise in temperature causes the glaciers to melt, resulting in increase in sea level. Increase in sea
level leads to flooding of land.
Mixing of pure water from melting glaciers with salty sea water alters the gulf-stream pattern which regulates
temperature.
Melting of glaciers alters the balance of eco system in the polar region which includes – animals, plants.
Weather – Rise in temperature causes delay in monsoon, short/prolonged season like – winter, summer, rainy.
Delay in monsoon affects agricultural sector.
Because of increase in sea level, some areas in the earth will be flooded and other part of the earth might
experience heat wave.
Mankind – Shortage of food, because of Weather change, leads to malnutrition and death in humans. Shortage
5. Reason for selecting this topic:
In the present computer age, computer has become an important house hold item. Home users
have misconception about hackers and think hackers are the one who involve in computer
and cyber crime. Following sections explain who are hackers and the principles followed by
them.
Introduction to computer hacking:
Computer hacking is defined as the practice of gaining control and using remote computer
hardware and software, without authorization or exceeding authorized access. Hacking was
started at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as a method to figure out how
computer systems worked. Hacker is a person who attempts to penetrate the security system
of the remote computer.
Hackers are intelligent people who want to know everything. Hackers do not break into a
system for stealing or destroying the data, instead they want to test their own security system
and gain deeper understanding of the system. Hackers use their hacking skills in legitimate
ways, such as becoming security consultant.
Ethics in computer hacking:
Every profession has code of practice adopted by professionals to regulate that profession.
Original hacker ethics was developed by MIT and Stanford during 1960s. Later during 1990s
new hacker ethics was published. Following are their principles,
1. Above all else, do not harm.
2. Protect Privacy
3. Waste not, want not
4. Right to communicate
5. Leave no traces
6. Share
7. Hacking helps security
8. Trust, but test
1. Above all else, do not harm – Do not destroy computer or delete data, if it is possible.
An ethical dilemma with this principle is when the data gets deleted accidentally.
2. Protect Privacy – Do not copy sensitive information from the remote computer.
2
Global warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of earth surface. The major
reason for global warming is Pollution, (i.e) emission of carbon di oxide. Power plants which uses fossil fuel
to generate electricity, emits maximum carbon di oxide to the atmosphere. Automobiles using fossil fuel
pollute the atmosphere by emitting harmful gases like carbon di oxide, nitrous oxide. Other reasons for
pollution include, burning of oil during winter, deforestation and transportation industry (airways, railways
and roadways).
Effects of Global Warming:
Increase in earth surface temperature has impact on the following systems and the consequences have
chain reaction impact on its subsequent systems.
Glaciers
Weather
Weather
Business
Glaciers – Rise in temperature causes the glaciers to melt, resulting in increase in sea level. Increase in sea
level leads to flooding of land.
Mixing of pure water from melting glaciers with salty sea water alters the gulf-stream pattern which regulates
temperature.
Melting of glaciers alters the balance of eco system in the polar region which includes – animals, plants.
Weather – Rise in temperature causes delay in monsoon, short/prolonged season like – winter, summer, rainy.
Delay in monsoon affects agricultural sector.
Because of increase in sea level, some areas in the earth will be flooded and other part of the earth might
experience heat wave.
Mankind – Shortage of food, because of Weather change, leads to malnutrition and death in humans. Shortage
6. 3. Waste not, want not – Do not waste computer resource.
There are millions of computers connected over internet, which are not used for more
than 10 hours in a day. A hacker can utilize those unused resources without damaging
the remote computer and its data.
4. Right to communicate – Hackers have the right to communicate with fellow hackers
for free flow of information.
5. Leave no trace – Do not leave any trace or trail or log of the exploit.
6. Share – Do not hide or hoard information. Information increases its value by sharing
with people.
7. Hacking helps security – Offer help in identifying weakness/flaw in security. Suggest
ways to enhance the security.
8. Trust, but test – Constantly test the system and find new ways to enhance the existing
system.
Computer hacking – Is it Ethical?
In this section, hackers are assessed based on the 4 concepts of ethics.
1. From the view of utilitarism, hackers are ethical if their action does not damage the
remote computer and its data.
Eg. Hacker identifying a flaw in network security.
2. From the view of deontologism, hackers are ethical, if they follow their code of
ethics.
3. From the view of relativism, hackers act can be considered as ethical in one country,
but unethical in another country. Cyber laws are different for different country, so a
hacker act will be ethical in the country whose cyber law is relaxed and unethical in
the country which has stringent cyber laws.
4. From the view of egoism, hackers are ethical if their action promotes their long term
goal.
3
Global warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of earth surface. The major
reason for global warming is Pollution, (i.e) emission of carbon di oxide. Power plants which uses fossil fuel
to generate electricity, emits maximum carbon di oxide to the atmosphere. Automobiles using fossil fuel
pollute the atmosphere by emitting harmful gases like carbon di oxide, nitrous oxide. Other reasons for
pollution include, burning of oil during winter, deforestation and transportation industry (airways, railways
and roadways).
Effects of Global Warming:
Increase in earth surface temperature has impact on the following systems and the consequences have
chain reaction impact on its subsequent systems.
Glaciers
Weather
Weather
Business
Glaciers – Rise in temperature causes the glaciers to melt, resulting in increase in sea level. Increase in sea
level leads to flooding of land.
Mixing of pure water from melting glaciers with salty sea water alters the gulf-stream pattern which regulates
temperature.
Melting of glaciers alters the balance of eco system in the polar region which includes – animals, plants.
Weather – Rise in temperature causes delay in monsoon, short/prolonged season like – winter, summer, rainy.
Delay in monsoon affects agricultural sector.
Because of increase in sea level, some areas in the earth will be flooded and other part of the earth might
experience heat wave.
Mankind – Shortage of food, because of Weather change, leads to malnutrition and death in humans. Shortage
7. Conclusion:
Computer hacking is a problem solving skill which hackers use to demonstrate their technical
capabilities and not as an opportunity to harm others.
Computer hacking has also lead to development of new technology, which include UNIX
operating system, developed by former hackers Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson.
Corporate actively utilize the service of hackers to test the robustness of their security system
and identify issues in their security system.
4
8. Bibliography:
1. Class Notes and Presentation
2. http://www.theworldeconomy.org/ (Mar 21, 2010)
3. http://www.paecon.net/PAEReview/ethics/PardoGuerra29.htm (Mar 21, 2010)
4. http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Ethics_Main.html (Mar 21, 2010)
5. http://www.asqsandiego.org/articles/ethics1.htm (Mar 21, 2010)
6. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-computer-hacking.htm (Mar 25, 2010)
7. http://www.hackingalert.com/hacking-articles/computer-hacking-explained.php (Mar
25, 2010)
8. http://www.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/hackethic.html (Mar 25, 2010)
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_code (Mar 25, 2010)
5
Global warming is defined as the increase in the average temperature of earth surface. The major
reason for global warming is Pollution, (i.e) emission of carbon di oxide. Power plants which uses fossil fuel
to generate electricity, emits maximum carbon di oxide to the atmosphere. Automobiles using fossil fuel
pollute the atmosphere by emitting harmful gases like carbon di oxide, nitrous oxide. Other reasons for
pollution include, burning of oil during winter, deforestation and transportation industry (airways, railways
and roadways).
Effects of Global Warming:
Increase in earth surface temperature has impact on the following systems and the consequences have
chain reaction impact on its subsequent systems.
Glaciers
Weather
Weather
Business
Glaciers – Rise in temperature causes the glaciers to melt, resulting in increase in sea level. Increase in sea
level leads to flooding of land.
Mixing of pure water from melting glaciers with salty sea water alters the gulf-stream pattern which regulates
temperature.
Melting of glaciers alters the balance of eco system in the polar region which includes – animals, plants.
Weather – Rise in temperature causes delay in monsoon, short/prolonged season like – winter, summer, rainy.
Delay in monsoon affects agricultural sector.
Because of increase in sea level, some areas in the earth will be flooded and other part of the earth might
experience heat wave.
Mankind – Shortage of food, because of Weather change, leads to malnutrition and death in humans. Shortage