Complementary Currencies
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The document discusses why today's socioeconomic system is unsustainable and unfair, outlines required features for a monetary system to promote sustainable and fair development, and provides examples of complementary currency experiences around the world. It notes that today's system enriches the rich at the expense of the poor, favors short-term investments over long-term projects, and is driven by perpetual growth. Complementary currencies aim to stimulate local economies, promote social and environmental goals, and be managed democratically by users. Examples mentioned include LETS, time banks, and community currencies in various countries.
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![Complementary currencies for sustainable development - theories and practices – “ Miguel” Yasuyuki Hirota [email_address] http://mig76en.wordpress.com/ http://www.olccjp.net/ June 2008](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ccintroen-1212151114263387-8/85/Complementary-Currencies-1-320.jpg)
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This document contains information about complementary currencies (CCs) and shared currency systems (SCCs). It discusses the history and etymology of the word "economy" in various languages. It also provides examples of existing SCC systems like LETS, Banco Palmas, Chiemgauer, and WIRBank. The document advocates for developing community-based currencies that are interest-free and involve local stakeholders to stimulate local economies. It provides guidance on designing, marketing, and implementing SCC systems tailored to community needs. Key resources on the topic are also referenced.
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1) Modern money is created privately as debt through the banking system, rather than as a public resource. Most money is now issued as bank loans rather than currency.
2) This has led to privatized control over the money supply and instability, as seen in booms and credit crunches. States have also lost control and rely on taxing the private sector.
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8BUSINESSETHICSANDSTAKEHOLDERMANAGEMENTINTHEGLOBAL.docx
8
BUSINESS ETHICS AND STAKEHOLDER
MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT
8.1 The Connected Global Economy and Globalization
Ethical Insight 8.1
8.2 Managing and Working in a “Flat World”: Professional Competencies and Ethical Issues
Ethical Insight 8.2
8.3 Societal Issues and Globalization: The Dark Side
8.4 Multinational Enterprises as Stakeholders
8.5 Triple Bottom Line, Social Entrepreneurship, and Microfinancing
8.6 MNEs: Stakeholder Values, Guidelines, and Codes for Managing Ethically
8.7 Cross-Cultural Ethical Decision Making and Negotiation Methods
Chapter Summary
Questions
Exercises
Real-Time Ethical Dilemmas
Cases
21. Google in China: Still “Doing No Evil”?
22. Sweatshops: Not Only a Global Issue
23. The U.S. Industrial Food System
Notes
OPENING CASE
The new global economy is no longer comprised of separate economies per country or region;
instead, it has become a complex grid of interconnected networks of resources. Advances in
technology have made it possible for “money, goods, data, and people to cross borders in huge
volumes and at unprecedented speed. Since 1990, trade flows have grown 1.5 times faster than
global GDP. Cross-border capital flows have expanded at three times the rate of GDP
growth.”1 Consider that now “only one in ten US dollars in circulation today is a physical note
Weiss, Joseph W.. <i>Business Ethics : A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach</i>, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=1565988.
Created from apus on 2019-06-30 14:39:06.
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– the kind you can hold in your hand or put in your wallet. The other nine are virtual. Estimates
by Cisco Systems suggest that in 2009, global data flows expanded by nearly 50 percent. In
China alone, more than 150 million new people connected to the Internet in 2009, giving that
country a digital population almost as large as the world’s biggest socialnetworking site,
Facebook.” Emerging markets—like Brazil, China, and India—are strongly impacted by this
new global grid. “The explosion of mobile networks is giving billions of people their first real
entry point into the global economy, helping them become more informed consumers,
connecting them with jobs, and providing much better access to credit and finance.”2
Consider also the impact globalization has on the business community. A growing global
information grid directs companies toward new innovations and connections to the Internet.
John Deere tractors, for example, are equipped with GPS guidance systems “to apply
fertilizers to cropland precisely. TomTom has created systems of ‘smart’ traffic lights that
improve traffic flows. Nortura, Norway’s largest food supplier, uses radio-frequency
identification (RFID) technology to trace chickens from the farm to the s.
2 dynamics-london
Fernand Braudel's theory argues that "world-economies" are centered around a single dominant city that directs trade and development, creating a hierarchy from the urban core to peripheral zones. Over time, the dominance of individual cities as leaders of global trade has shifted, from Venice and Genoa in medieval Europe to London in the 19th century and New York in the 20th century. Saskia Sassen notes that today's global cities serve as command posts for managing the global economy and producing advanced services, though their influence may be dispersed among networks of interconnected cities worldwide. Rapid urbanization, especially in Africa and Asia, is extending networks of migration from towns to larger regional cities and eventually to global city networks
Complementry Currency pilot for the benifit of partner cities' residents
(1) The document proposes a complementary currency called Glocal-CityZen that would be used in twin cities to expand local well-being and resources. (2) It would work by the twin cities distributing the currency to tourists and residents being able to spend it on local services, amenities, and businesses, thus promoting social and economic exchange between the cities. (3) The currency aims to benefit the municipalities, local businesses, and residents by increasing tourism, economic opportunities, and social interaction across the twin cities.
Overview Of Parallel Local And Community Currencies
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Global economic order and developing countries
The document discusses concepts related to the current global economic order and institutions like the World Bank and IMF. It provides an overview of how these institutions work, their goals and activities, as well as concepts like poverty, inequality, and voting power within the IMF. Some key points include:
- The current economic order is centered around rules established by Bretton Woods institutions and aims to maintain Western power through the dominance of the US dollar.
- The World Bank aims to promote development through projects, loans, and partnerships. It works to reduce poverty defined as living on less than $1.25 or $2 per day.
- The IMF aims to foster macroeconomic stability and provides loans to countries experiencing economic cri
Actors In Ib
The document provides an overview of several key actors in international business, including transnational institutions like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, economic agreements like ASEAN and the EU, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. It also discusses concepts like imperialism, neo-liberalism, and globalization that have shaped the current international business environment.
Actors In Ib
The document provides an overview of several key actors in international business, including transnational institutions like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, economic agreements like ASEAN and the EU, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. It also discusses concepts like imperialism, neo-liberalism, and globalization that have shaped the emergence and impact of these various actors.
Practices of social and complementary currencies in Europe and the world - Wi...
Practices of social and complementary currencies in Europe and the world - Wi...Miguel Yasuyuki Hirota
This document discusses social and complementary currencies (SCCs) and their potential relationship to promoting social enterprises. It begins by outlining some structural issues with conventional monetary systems, including that most money is created as bank debt, the effects of compound interest rates, and procyclical money creation by banks. It then defines SCCs and provides examples of existing SCC initiatives like LETS and the Chiemgauer regional currency in Germany. The document aims to illustrate how SCCs, which are not subject to the same issues as conventional currencies, could help social enterprises by providing alternative sources of financing and stimulating local economic activity.Snick English
- Local currencies are emerging worldwide as alternatives to traditional bank-issued currencies. They range from loyalty point systems to cryptocurrencies to community currencies that aim to strengthen social and environmental goals.
- Complementary currencies function on a spectrum from competitive to collaborative. Some aim to increase control over financial systems while others valorize contributions to social and ecological aims.
- For local currencies to fully realize their potential to balance the current monetary system, greater political and institutional support is needed, including recognizing them for tax payments and adapting legislation. This could help unlock their ability to foster financial resilience and "real" economic growth.
Money and sustainability
Money is the missing link in designing a dynamic post fossil fuel economy. Creating money as interest bearing debt builds in a growth imperative. Dual currencies in history can be repeated with success now.
Terra Islam by Bernard Lietaer
This is a presentation by Bernard Lietear that was given to me by David Moosa Pidcock, the author of Another Road to Serfdom and Leader of Islamic Party of Britain. Getting a perspective for Sharia compliant Terra from the Creator and Designer of Euro is the most interesting fact. Lietaer explains the case and you might like to review this.
Social Finance Forum Orientation
Social finance aims to deliver both social/environmental benefits and economic returns through investing in social enterprises and nonprofit organizations. It provides capital to areas like affordable housing, social enterprises, health and home care, and more. Canada's nonprofit sector represents $120 billion annually and is growing. There is potential to scale up social finance in Canada by learning from other countries, developing new financial instruments, and strengthening partnerships between sectors.
Liz
The document discusses globalization and its impacts. It begins by defining globalization as the closer integration of countries through reduced trade barriers and costs of transportation and communication. It then outlines some of the major international institutions involved in governing globalization, including the IMF, World Bank, and WTO. The document also discusses some of the opportunities and threats presented by globalization, such as increased inequality, environmental impacts, and threats to cultural diversity. It raises issues about the appropriate level of global regulation and discusses Joseph Stiglitz's critique of how international institutions have pursued globalization.
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session9
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 11 of the textbook "Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture" related to development models, theories of development, and barriers and costs of development. It discusses Rostow's modernization model and criticisms of the model. It then covers theories that consider context such as structuralism, dependency theory, and world-systems theory. The document outlines barriers to development like human trafficking, foreign debt, disease, and political instability. It also discusses costs of development including issues related to industrialization, export processing zones, agriculture, tourism, and uneven development within states.
recommendations
The document provides recommendations for upgrading the communication and information functions of Club Du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. It analyzes the current state and context, and recommends adopting a new information management system to better organize, share, and process information among staff. It also recommends developing a comprehensive communication strategy and mainstreaming communication into management and operations. Specific recommendations are provided around public relations, management, launching reports and events, and conducting a staff survey on information needs.
TalkFile_신앙과 경제(ENG2.pdf
The document discusses Rev. Moon's views on establishing an economic foundation through the Unification Church. It discusses how controlling economies in countries like Japan, Germany and the US would allow control over the global economy. It also mentions the need to establish this economic foundation by the 1980s to move the world and counter communism. Rev. Moon talks about recovering creation through restoring the archangel and Eve to their pre-Fall state, which would allow recovery of material things. The overall document focuses on Rev. Moon's vision of establishing an economic base through the Unification Church that could influence countries and the global economy.
Future of Open_Session 3
This document appears to be an agenda for an event titled "The Future of Open" held by the Open Institute. It lists several speakers and their topics including open fashion, community currencies, new banking models, open healthcare, and more. The document provides names, organizations, and brief contact information for 13 speakers at the event.
Imf and world bank difference
The document summarizes the key differences between the World Bank and IMF:
- The World Bank focuses on development and financing projects through loans, while the IMF focuses on maintaining monetary stability and a code of conduct around exchange rates between nations.
- The World Bank gets most of its funding through bond sales and borrowing, while the IMF's resources come from membership fees paid by its member countries.
- The World Bank employs over 7,000 staff with expertise in development fields, while the IMF has about 2,300 staff focused on economics and finance working primarily out of its Washington D.C. headquarters.
Permaculture and Business: mutually incompatible?
The document discusses several principles of sustainable and regenerative business, including using profits to strengthen communities, viewing problems as opportunities, and knowing your market. It provides examples of companies like Patagonia and Grameen Bank that have built successful businesses while solving social and environmental problems. The key message is that business can be a powerful tool for positive change when done with purpose and with the needs of people and planet in mind.
JSH Markets are the head on complex transactions between produ.docx
JSH:
Markets are the head on complex transactions between products and consumers since the consumers are the ones who buy the products off the market. The consumers rely on those in charge of businesses to provide supplies that they cannot go out and get themselves without the market having it available. This increases the availability of products that can be sold thus making everything easily accessible to those who have the money to pay for it.
In japan when the sugarcane market crashed that left many sugarcane farmers in trouble with no good source of income that they can use to provide for themselves, this lead to an increase of those in poverty that required the Japanese government to step in and to set up relief efforts. They set up a trade system of brown sugar so in the long run they can provide for themselves and not have to rely on the government. The Japanese government established trade with the Philippines islands so that way they can establish a good connection with them, making the trade work for both sides so in the end both sides benefitted from the arrangement, not just one side.
Ethnic consumer guides are available to consumers to see how ethical a product that tey are buying is. It also informs the buyer about the company responsible for the product so they can decide if they are ethical or not. This allows the option of free choice to expand further since the people will now know if something is good or if it is bad, allowing them to make choices based on their preferences and what they might support.
There are plenty tools for encountering people that are explained in this reading that have to deal with the market. First one being are my needs and the needs of the other being met? Then it goes am I connected with others directly? Then it goes am I taking what I need? The next one is are there ways I can give back to help the others needs? Then the next one is are there other ways that I can share? Then the more moral ones go as are the animals being treated humanely? Then are the environmental impacts of the products addressed? Then is the well being of people taken into account? Then are the politics just? Then finally its does the product have neutral or positive impact?
ZW:
The finance’s definition can be the commercial activity of funds and capital, the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets, or the management of money, credit, banking, and investments. In this chapter’s description, “finance” refers to money, saving, investment, taxation, budget, debt, and risk management. It is associated with many institutions like banks, insurance companies, credit unions, stock market, and so on. After the global financial crisis in 2007, people all over the world had to confront the fact that everyone’s life is touched by this economic reality called finance.
The Mondragon Cooperative Corporation (MCC) is mentioned in this chapter as an example of redeplo ...
フランス語動詞の活用表
フランス語の動詞はかなり複雑ですが、特に集中すべき部分を抽出して活用表を作ってみました。この表を使えば、数日から数週間でフランス語の動詞はマスターできることでしょう（発音や文法など別の部分もそれなりにやっているという前提で）。
WSFTE working group in english
My proposal to create a working group in English to help more people join this global process to work for the Transformative Economies
More Related Content
Similar to Complementary Currencies
8BUSINESSETHICSANDSTAKEHOLDERMANAGEMENTINTHEGLOBAL.docx
8
BUSINESS ETHICS AND STAKEHOLDER
MANAGEMENT IN THE GLOBAL
ENVIRONMENT
8.1 The Connected Global Economy and Globalization
Ethical Insight 8.1
8.2 Managing and Working in a “Flat World”: Professional Competencies and Ethical Issues
Ethical Insight 8.2
8.3 Societal Issues and Globalization: The Dark Side
8.4 Multinational Enterprises as Stakeholders
8.5 Triple Bottom Line, Social Entrepreneurship, and Microfinancing
8.6 MNEs: Stakeholder Values, Guidelines, and Codes for Managing Ethically
8.7 Cross-Cultural Ethical Decision Making and Negotiation Methods
Chapter Summary
Questions
Exercises
Real-Time Ethical Dilemmas
Cases
21. Google in China: Still “Doing No Evil”?
22. Sweatshops: Not Only a Global Issue
23. The U.S. Industrial Food System
Notes
OPENING CASE
The new global economy is no longer comprised of separate economies per country or region;
instead, it has become a complex grid of interconnected networks of resources. Advances in
technology have made it possible for “money, goods, data, and people to cross borders in huge
volumes and at unprecedented speed. Since 1990, trade flows have grown 1.5 times faster than
global GDP. Cross-border capital flows have expanded at three times the rate of GDP
growth.”1 Consider that now “only one in ten US dollars in circulation today is a physical note
Weiss, Joseph W.. <i>Business Ethics : A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach</i>, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=1565988.
Created from apus on 2019-06-30 14:39:06.
C
op
yr
ig
ht
©
2
01
4.
B
er
re
tt-
K
oe
hl
er
P
ub
lis
he
rs
, I
nc
or
po
ra
te
d.
A
ll
rig
ht
s
re
se
rv
ed
.
– the kind you can hold in your hand or put in your wallet. The other nine are virtual. Estimates
by Cisco Systems suggest that in 2009, global data flows expanded by nearly 50 percent. In
China alone, more than 150 million new people connected to the Internet in 2009, giving that
country a digital population almost as large as the world’s biggest socialnetworking site,
Facebook.” Emerging markets—like Brazil, China, and India—are strongly impacted by this
new global grid. “The explosion of mobile networks is giving billions of people their first real
entry point into the global economy, helping them become more informed consumers,
connecting them with jobs, and providing much better access to credit and finance.”2
Consider also the impact globalization has on the business community. A growing global
information grid directs companies toward new innovations and connections to the Internet.
John Deere tractors, for example, are equipped with GPS guidance systems “to apply
fertilizers to cropland precisely. TomTom has created systems of ‘smart’ traffic lights that
improve traffic flows. Nortura, Norway’s largest food supplier, uses radio-frequency
identification (RFID) technology to trace chickens from the farm to the s.
2 dynamics-london
Fernand Braudel's theory argues that "world-economies" are centered around a single dominant city that directs trade and development, creating a hierarchy from the urban core to peripheral zones. Over time, the dominance of individual cities as leaders of global trade has shifted, from Venice and Genoa in medieval Europe to London in the 19th century and New York in the 20th century. Saskia Sassen notes that today's global cities serve as command posts for managing the global economy and producing advanced services, though their influence may be dispersed among networks of interconnected cities worldwide. Rapid urbanization, especially in Africa and Asia, is extending networks of migration from towns to larger regional cities and eventually to global city networks
Complementry Currency pilot for the benifit of partner cities' residents
(1) The document proposes a complementary currency called Glocal-CityZen that would be used in twin cities to expand local well-being and resources. (2) It would work by the twin cities distributing the currency to tourists and residents being able to spend it on local services, amenities, and businesses, thus promoting social and economic exchange between the cities. (3) The currency aims to benefit the municipalities, local businesses, and residents by increasing tourism, economic opportunities, and social interaction across the twin cities.
Overview Of Parallel Local And Community Currencies
This document provides an overview of parallel, local, and community currency systems. It begins with introductions to money and conventional economies, as well as problems with conventional money systems. It then discusses the economic theory and benefits of parallel currency systems. Examples of different types of parallel currencies used in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America are provided. Factors to consider when implementing a new parallel currency system and how such systems can complement existing local development initiatives are also outlined. The goal is to compile information on these alternative currency systems in a form that is accessible and can help organizations interested in starting their own local currency.
Global economic order and developing countries
The document discusses concepts related to the current global economic order and institutions like the World Bank and IMF. It provides an overview of how these institutions work, their goals and activities, as well as concepts like poverty, inequality, and voting power within the IMF. Some key points include:
- The current economic order is centered around rules established by Bretton Woods institutions and aims to maintain Western power through the dominance of the US dollar.
- The World Bank aims to promote development through projects, loans, and partnerships. It works to reduce poverty defined as living on less than $1.25 or $2 per day.
- The IMF aims to foster macroeconomic stability and provides loans to countries experiencing economic cri
Actors In Ib
The document provides an overview of several key actors in international business, including transnational institutions like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, economic agreements like ASEAN and the EU, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. It also discusses concepts like imperialism, neo-liberalism, and globalization that have shaped the current international business environment.
Actors In Ib
The document provides an overview of several key actors in international business, including transnational institutions like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, economic agreements like ASEAN and the EU, multinational enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. It also discusses concepts like imperialism, neo-liberalism, and globalization that have shaped the emergence and impact of these various actors.
Practices of social and complementary currencies in Europe and the world - Wi...
Practices of social and complementary currencies in Europe and the world - Wi...Miguel Yasuyuki Hirota
This document discusses social and complementary currencies (SCCs) and their potential relationship to promoting social enterprises. It begins by outlining some structural issues with conventional monetary systems, including that most money is created as bank debt, the effects of compound interest rates, and procyclical money creation by banks. It then defines SCCs and provides examples of existing SCC initiatives like LETS and the Chiemgauer regional currency in Germany. The document aims to illustrate how SCCs, which are not subject to the same issues as conventional currencies, could help social enterprises by providing alternative sources of financing and stimulating local economic activity.Snick English
- Local currencies are emerging worldwide as alternatives to traditional bank-issued currencies. They range from loyalty point systems to cryptocurrencies to community currencies that aim to strengthen social and environmental goals.
- Complementary currencies function on a spectrum from competitive to collaborative. Some aim to increase control over financial systems while others valorize contributions to social and ecological aims.
- For local currencies to fully realize their potential to balance the current monetary system, greater political and institutional support is needed, including recognizing them for tax payments and adapting legislation. This could help unlock their ability to foster financial resilience and "real" economic growth.
Money and sustainability
Money is the missing link in designing a dynamic post fossil fuel economy. Creating money as interest bearing debt builds in a growth imperative. Dual currencies in history can be repeated with success now.
Terra Islam by Bernard Lietaer
This is a presentation by Bernard Lietear that was given to me by David Moosa Pidcock, the author of Another Road to Serfdom and Leader of Islamic Party of Britain. Getting a perspective for Sharia compliant Terra from the Creator and Designer of Euro is the most interesting fact. Lietaer explains the case and you might like to review this.
Social Finance Forum Orientation
Social finance aims to deliver both social/environmental benefits and economic returns through investing in social enterprises and nonprofit organizations. It provides capital to areas like affordable housing, social enterprises, health and home care, and more. Canada's nonprofit sector represents $120 billion annually and is growing. There is potential to scale up social finance in Canada by learning from other countries, developing new financial instruments, and strengthening partnerships between sectors.
Liz
The document discusses globalization and its impacts. It begins by defining globalization as the closer integration of countries through reduced trade barriers and costs of transportation and communication. It then outlines some of the major international institutions involved in governing globalization, including the IMF, World Bank, and WTO. The document also discusses some of the opportunities and threats presented by globalization, such as increased inequality, environmental impacts, and threats to cultural diversity. It raises issues about the appropriate level of global regulation and discusses Joseph Stiglitz's critique of how international institutions have pursued globalization.
Geo23.1103 winter2015 session9
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 11 of the textbook "Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture" related to development models, theories of development, and barriers and costs of development. It discusses Rostow's modernization model and criticisms of the model. It then covers theories that consider context such as structuralism, dependency theory, and world-systems theory. The document outlines barriers to development like human trafficking, foreign debt, disease, and political instability. It also discusses costs of development including issues related to industrialization, export processing zones, agriculture, tourism, and uneven development within states.
recommendations
The document provides recommendations for upgrading the communication and information functions of Club Du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. It analyzes the current state and context, and recommends adopting a new information management system to better organize, share, and process information among staff. It also recommends developing a comprehensive communication strategy and mainstreaming communication into management and operations. Specific recommendations are provided around public relations, management, launching reports and events, and conducting a staff survey on information needs.
TalkFile_신앙과 경제(ENG2.pdf
The document discusses Rev. Moon's views on establishing an economic foundation through the Unification Church. It discusses how controlling economies in countries like Japan, Germany and the US would allow control over the global economy. It also mentions the need to establish this economic foundation by the 1980s to move the world and counter communism. Rev. Moon talks about recovering creation through restoring the archangel and Eve to their pre-Fall state, which would allow recovery of material things. The overall document focuses on Rev. Moon's vision of establishing an economic base through the Unification Church that could influence countries and the global economy.
Future of Open_Session 3
This document appears to be an agenda for an event titled "The Future of Open" held by the Open Institute. It lists several speakers and their topics including open fashion, community currencies, new banking models, open healthcare, and more. The document provides names, organizations, and brief contact information for 13 speakers at the event.
Imf and world bank difference
The document summarizes the key differences between the World Bank and IMF:
- The World Bank focuses on development and financing projects through loans, while the IMF focuses on maintaining monetary stability and a code of conduct around exchange rates between nations.
- The World Bank gets most of its funding through bond sales and borrowing, while the IMF's resources come from membership fees paid by its member countries.
- The World Bank employs over 7,000 staff with expertise in development fields, while the IMF has about 2,300 staff focused on economics and finance working primarily out of its Washington D.C. headquarters.
Permaculture and Business: mutually incompatible?
The document discusses several principles of sustainable and regenerative business, including using profits to strengthen communities, viewing problems as opportunities, and knowing your market. It provides examples of companies like Patagonia and Grameen Bank that have built successful businesses while solving social and environmental problems. The key message is that business can be a powerful tool for positive change when done with purpose and with the needs of people and planet in mind.
JSH Markets are the head on complex transactions between produ.docx
JSH:
Markets are the head on complex transactions between products and consumers since the consumers are the ones who buy the products off the market. The consumers rely on those in charge of businesses to provide supplies that they cannot go out and get themselves without the market having it available. This increases the availability of products that can be sold thus making everything easily accessible to those who have the money to pay for it.
In japan when the sugarcane market crashed that left many sugarcane farmers in trouble with no good source of income that they can use to provide for themselves, this lead to an increase of those in poverty that required the Japanese government to step in and to set up relief efforts. They set up a trade system of brown sugar so in the long run they can provide for themselves and not have to rely on the government. The Japanese government established trade with the Philippines islands so that way they can establish a good connection with them, making the trade work for both sides so in the end both sides benefitted from the arrangement, not just one side.
Ethnic consumer guides are available to consumers to see how ethical a product that tey are buying is. It also informs the buyer about the company responsible for the product so they can decide if they are ethical or not. This allows the option of free choice to expand further since the people will now know if something is good or if it is bad, allowing them to make choices based on their preferences and what they might support.
There are plenty tools for encountering people that are explained in this reading that have to deal with the market. First one being are my needs and the needs of the other being met? Then it goes am I connected with others directly? Then it goes am I taking what I need? The next one is are there ways I can give back to help the others needs? Then the next one is are there other ways that I can share? Then the more moral ones go as are the animals being treated humanely? Then are the environmental impacts of the products addressed? Then is the well being of people taken into account? Then are the politics just? Then finally its does the product have neutral or positive impact?
ZW:
The finance’s definition can be the commercial activity of funds and capital, the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets, or the management of money, credit, banking, and investments. In this chapter’s description, “finance” refers to money, saving, investment, taxation, budget, debt, and risk management. It is associated with many institutions like banks, insurance companies, credit unions, stock market, and so on. After the global financial crisis in 2007, people all over the world had to confront the fact that everyone’s life is touched by this economic reality called finance.
The Mondragon Cooperative Corporation (MCC) is mentioned in this chapter as an example of redeplo ...
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Introduction asia lat am partnership july 2020
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
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