Competitive Strategy
Dr. Laura Whitcomb
BUS 4970
Spring 2017
Strategic Management Definition
= The process whereby managers establish an organization’s long-term direction. This involves:
1) Setting Mission & Goals
2) Strategy Formation
--internal capabilities
--external environment
--selection of strategy
3) Strategy Implementation
4) Strategy Evaluation
How to Analyze a CaseMission/Vision & ObjectivesCurrent StrategyIndustry AnalysisS.W.O.T. AnalysisRecommendations
MISSION Defined
Answers the question “What business are we in?” or “Why do we exist?”
--Customer Needs: What is being satisfied?
--Customer Groups: Who is being satisfied?
--Distinctive Competencies: How are customer needs being satisfied?
Pepsico vs. Coke?To be the world's premier consumer products company focused on convenient foods and beverages. To Refresh the World...in body, mind, and spirit. To Inspire Moments of Optimism... through our brands and our actions. To Create Value and Make a Difference... everywhere we engage.
Vision StatementsFuture-oriented; transformativeMission = what is; vision = what will beCompanies may have mission or vision or bothMission and/or vision often accompanied by statement of company values
Vision Statements
NASA:
Reach for new heights & reveal the unknown for the benefit of humankind
Star Trek:
To boldly go where no one has gone before
GOALS
= a desired future state that a company attempts to realize.
Should be:
- precise & measurable
- addressing important issues
- challenging but realistic
- set for a specific time period
- consistent with each other
Weighting Factors: What to Avoid
Types of GoalsFinancialProfitabilityRevenue growthLong-term shareholder valueCustomerProduct/service attributes; relationship; imageInternal ProcessOperations, customers, innovationCorporate social responsibilityLearning & growthHuman, information, & organization resources
Levels of Strategy & Organization StructureCorporate Strategy
------>Corporate Head OfficeCompetitive (Business-level) Strategy
------>Business DivisionsFunctional Strategy
------>R&D, HR, Finance, Operations, Marketing/Sales
Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Purpose: achieve above-average long-run ROI for your industry.Competitive AdvantageCost LeadershipDifferentiationCompetitive ScopeBroad TargetNarrow Target (Focus/Niche)
Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Competitive Advantage/
ScopeLower Cost
Differentiation
Broad Target
Cost Leadership
Differentiation
Narrow Target
Cost Focus
Focused Differentiation
Dolce & Gabbana
Industry Analysis:
Porter’s 5 Competitive Forces
Purpose: understand why some industries have higher profit margins & what factors can change long-run industry profitability.Risk of New EntryRivalry Among Established FirmsBargaining Power of BuyersBargaining Power of SuppliersThreat of Substitute Products
ENTRY
BarriersBrand LoyaltyAbsolute Cost Advantagespatentsaccess to raw materialssuperior produc.
Purpose Up - Doubling down in tough times by Barkley + JefferiesBarkley
Now is not the time to shrink back on sustainability and ESG criteria, it is time to double down with focus and clarity. These are the findings from our third annual report Purpose Up | Doubling Down in Tough Times, a joint research study with Jefferies.
Purpose Up - Doubling down in tough times by Barkley + JefferiesBarkley
Now is not the time to shrink back on sustainability and ESG criteria, it is time to double down with focus and clarity. These are the findings from our third annual report Purpose Up | Doubling Down in Tough Times, a joint research study with Jefferies.
Slides from a recent speech in front of 1500 people on:
- Why business model innovation is important
- What a business model is
- How to design and implement innovative business models using a design thinking approach.
Many cases illustrate how to do it in practice.
Strategic Objective
February 16, 2017
Valero Energy
Outline
Examine the current strategic objectives of Valero Energy.
Determine the current structure of Valero Energy.
Discuss how expanding to a global market may affect work functions.
Recommend structural alternatives that may facilitate the new global strategy. How do these options differ? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
Determine the key components of a change management strategy for the restructuring.
Recommend next steps for an action plan.
Mission, Vision & Values
Mission Statement
Vision Statement
Values
Valero’s Mission Statement: “Commitment to Excellence is a governing principle. We set the highest standards in all aspects of our business to ensure our efforts will continue to provide quality products to meet demand, as well as leadership in community service ("Mission Statement", n.d.).
Valero’s Vision Statement: “As we fulfill our vision to be a world-class competitor in the global energy business, we will do so in the safest way while continuing to nurture vibrant communities around our facilities and demonstrating improved environmental performance ("Vision Statement", 2015).
Values are essential for the success of any company. As a result, by incorporating the statements mentioned, all different areas of the business are exposed to illustrate Valero’s promises to everyone, from employees, to clients and stakeholders as well.
3
current strategic objectives of Valero energy
Strategic Objectives
Strategic Objectives: Valero’s strategic objective is to focus on how to tackle challenges and seize opportunities to provide for long-term earnings growth. Valero Energy firmly believes it is approaching the future from a position of strength. In addition, Valero Energy’s strategic objective is to continue to grow their core business by executing organic growth projects that optimize their refining and logistics operations in the energy business ("Being The Best", 2015).
4
current structure of Valero energy
Current Structure
Valero Energy’s Current Structure: Safety and dependable operations are aspects in driving company profitability. As a result, Valero Energy adopted a formal management structure to standardize operations, its Commitment to Excellence Management System (CTEMS), with the goal of becoming best-in-industry in all areas. In addition, Valero Energy’s employees are the heart of its success, and there is a purpose the company is an employer of choice in the fuels manufacturing and marketing industry. Valero Energy has a number of branded wholesale sites more than 7,500 wholesale markets. Valero Energy markets products in 44 U.S. states, six eastern Canadian provinces, United Kingdom, Ireland and the Caribbean region ("Focus On Excellence", 2014).
5
Valero in the global market
Global market
Areas where located
Challenges/ Benefits
Valero energy is a global energy plant found around the world. Valero Energy was fou.
The New Metrics of Sustainable Business Conference | BrochureSustainable Brands
Explore the future of sustainable business metrics. The two-day, Sustainable Brands Issues in Focus event examines leading-edge work that expands the way business can create, quantify, manage and communicate value, and enhance financial performance with shared value. Top sustainability strategists from a variety of sectors will explore models for quantifying the environmental and social impacts of business activity. And industry leaders will collaborate on issues such as valuing ecosystem services, adding environmental impact and human capital to the balance sheet, and putting goals in context. September 24-25, 2013, Philadelphia, PA.
Learn more: www.SBIIF.com
KATIES POST The crisis case I chose to discuss this week is th.docxdonnajames55
KATIE'S POST:
The crisis case I chose to discuss this week is the Tennessee Valley and the Kingston ash slide. On December 22, 2008, Tennessee Valley Authority who uses coal to generate electricity, had one of their containment pods that holds sludge from the ash wall begin to leak. The leak then caused the wall to eventually crumble. The leak then flowed into the Emory River that is located nearby. The river flowed into a nearby community, destroyed several houses, and forced families to evacuate the area.
Chapter 5 discusses the importance of organization members accepting that crisis can start quickly and unexpectedly. Two months before the leak, TVA was informed of a wet spot located on one retaining wall that suggested a leak was present. The moisture was eroding the structure's integrity, but TVA continued to add ash to the pond. TVA organization leaders ignored the warning signs of a potential crisis. TVA then accepted blame for the spill and began dredging the Emory River shortly after the incident. No other independent party was allowed to assess the dredging plan before it launched. If TVA's plan failed, the organization would have been at fault once again.
Upon further investigation of the crisis, lawyers were able to identify six primary failures in TVA's systems, controls, standards, and culture. “Lack of clarity and accountability for ultimate responsibility, lack of standardization, training, and metrics, siloed responsibilities and poor communication, lack of checks and balances, lack of prevention priority and resources, and being reactive instead of proactive” (Ulmer, Sellnow,& Seeger, 87).
Unfortunately, this unintentional crises could have been avoided had the proper crisis management, quality assurance, and procedures been put in place. TVA's negligence cost people their homes, polluted the river, and the uncertainty of long-term health conditions from being exposed to the ash's toxins. "The community was not able to locate reliable information about potential short- and long-term health effects, uncertainty about the extent of environmental damage, and feared plummeting property values" (Ritchie, Little, & Campbell, 179). TVA was at fault for several things, but the most significant fault they did not consider is the risk of storing large volumes of fly ash near the Emory River that flowed into a nearby community.
Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., & Seeger, M. W. (2017). Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications.
Ritchie, L. A., Little, J., & Campbell, N. M. (2018). Resource Loss and Psychosocial Stress in the Aftermath of the 2008 Tennessee Valley Authority Coal Ash Spill. International journal of mass emergencies and disasters, 36(2), 179.
.
Kate Chopins concise The Story of an Hour. What does Joseph.docxdonnajames55
Kate Chopin's concise "The Story of an Hour".
* What does Josephine represent in the story? What does Richards represent?
*The doctors said Mrs. M. died of "heart disease - of joy that kills." How is this ironic?
* What are some themes in the story? What are some symbols?
.
More Related Content
Similar to Competitive StrategyDr. Laura WhitcombBUS 4970Spring.docx
Slides from a recent speech in front of 1500 people on:
- Why business model innovation is important
- What a business model is
- How to design and implement innovative business models using a design thinking approach.
Many cases illustrate how to do it in practice.
Strategic Objective
February 16, 2017
Valero Energy
Outline
Examine the current strategic objectives of Valero Energy.
Determine the current structure of Valero Energy.
Discuss how expanding to a global market may affect work functions.
Recommend structural alternatives that may facilitate the new global strategy. How do these options differ? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
Determine the key components of a change management strategy for the restructuring.
Recommend next steps for an action plan.
Mission, Vision & Values
Mission Statement
Vision Statement
Values
Valero’s Mission Statement: “Commitment to Excellence is a governing principle. We set the highest standards in all aspects of our business to ensure our efforts will continue to provide quality products to meet demand, as well as leadership in community service ("Mission Statement", n.d.).
Valero’s Vision Statement: “As we fulfill our vision to be a world-class competitor in the global energy business, we will do so in the safest way while continuing to nurture vibrant communities around our facilities and demonstrating improved environmental performance ("Vision Statement", 2015).
Values are essential for the success of any company. As a result, by incorporating the statements mentioned, all different areas of the business are exposed to illustrate Valero’s promises to everyone, from employees, to clients and stakeholders as well.
3
current strategic objectives of Valero energy
Strategic Objectives
Strategic Objectives: Valero’s strategic objective is to focus on how to tackle challenges and seize opportunities to provide for long-term earnings growth. Valero Energy firmly believes it is approaching the future from a position of strength. In addition, Valero Energy’s strategic objective is to continue to grow their core business by executing organic growth projects that optimize their refining and logistics operations in the energy business ("Being The Best", 2015).
4
current structure of Valero energy
Current Structure
Valero Energy’s Current Structure: Safety and dependable operations are aspects in driving company profitability. As a result, Valero Energy adopted a formal management structure to standardize operations, its Commitment to Excellence Management System (CTEMS), with the goal of becoming best-in-industry in all areas. In addition, Valero Energy’s employees are the heart of its success, and there is a purpose the company is an employer of choice in the fuels manufacturing and marketing industry. Valero Energy has a number of branded wholesale sites more than 7,500 wholesale markets. Valero Energy markets products in 44 U.S. states, six eastern Canadian provinces, United Kingdom, Ireland and the Caribbean region ("Focus On Excellence", 2014).
5
Valero in the global market
Global market
Areas where located
Challenges/ Benefits
Valero energy is a global energy plant found around the world. Valero Energy was fou.
The New Metrics of Sustainable Business Conference | BrochureSustainable Brands
Explore the future of sustainable business metrics. The two-day, Sustainable Brands Issues in Focus event examines leading-edge work that expands the way business can create, quantify, manage and communicate value, and enhance financial performance with shared value. Top sustainability strategists from a variety of sectors will explore models for quantifying the environmental and social impacts of business activity. And industry leaders will collaborate on issues such as valuing ecosystem services, adding environmental impact and human capital to the balance sheet, and putting goals in context. September 24-25, 2013, Philadelphia, PA.
Learn more: www.SBIIF.com
Similar to Competitive StrategyDr. Laura WhitcombBUS 4970Spring.docx (20)
KATIES POST The crisis case I chose to discuss this week is th.docxdonnajames55
KATIE'S POST:
The crisis case I chose to discuss this week is the Tennessee Valley and the Kingston ash slide. On December 22, 2008, Tennessee Valley Authority who uses coal to generate electricity, had one of their containment pods that holds sludge from the ash wall begin to leak. The leak then caused the wall to eventually crumble. The leak then flowed into the Emory River that is located nearby. The river flowed into a nearby community, destroyed several houses, and forced families to evacuate the area.
Chapter 5 discusses the importance of organization members accepting that crisis can start quickly and unexpectedly. Two months before the leak, TVA was informed of a wet spot located on one retaining wall that suggested a leak was present. The moisture was eroding the structure's integrity, but TVA continued to add ash to the pond. TVA organization leaders ignored the warning signs of a potential crisis. TVA then accepted blame for the spill and began dredging the Emory River shortly after the incident. No other independent party was allowed to assess the dredging plan before it launched. If TVA's plan failed, the organization would have been at fault once again.
Upon further investigation of the crisis, lawyers were able to identify six primary failures in TVA's systems, controls, standards, and culture. “Lack of clarity and accountability for ultimate responsibility, lack of standardization, training, and metrics, siloed responsibilities and poor communication, lack of checks and balances, lack of prevention priority and resources, and being reactive instead of proactive” (Ulmer, Sellnow,& Seeger, 87).
Unfortunately, this unintentional crises could have been avoided had the proper crisis management, quality assurance, and procedures been put in place. TVA's negligence cost people their homes, polluted the river, and the uncertainty of long-term health conditions from being exposed to the ash's toxins. "The community was not able to locate reliable information about potential short- and long-term health effects, uncertainty about the extent of environmental damage, and feared plummeting property values" (Ritchie, Little, & Campbell, 179). TVA was at fault for several things, but the most significant fault they did not consider is the risk of storing large volumes of fly ash near the Emory River that flowed into a nearby community.
Ulmer, R. R., Sellnow, T. L., & Seeger, M. W. (2017). Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Sage Publications.
Ritchie, L. A., Little, J., & Campbell, N. M. (2018). Resource Loss and Psychosocial Stress in the Aftermath of the 2008 Tennessee Valley Authority Coal Ash Spill. International journal of mass emergencies and disasters, 36(2), 179.
.
Kate Chopins concise The Story of an Hour. What does Joseph.docxdonnajames55
Kate Chopin's concise "The Story of an Hour".
* What does Josephine represent in the story? What does Richards represent?
*The doctors said Mrs. M. died of "heart disease - of joy that kills." How is this ironic?
* What are some themes in the story? What are some symbols?
.
K-2nd Grade
3rd-5th Grade
6th-8th Grade
Major Concepts, Principles, and Learning Theories (To be completed in Topic 3)
Cognitive
Linguistic
Social
Emotional
Physical
.
Just Walk on By by Brent Staples My firs.docxdonnajames55
Just Walk on By
by Brent Staples
My first victim was a woman—white, well dressed, probably in
her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street
in Hyde Park, a relatively affluent neighborhood in an otherwise mean,
impoverished section of Chicago. As I swung onto the avenue behind her,
there seemed to be a discreet, uninflammatory distance between us. Not so.
She cast back a worried glance. To her, the youngish black man—a broad
six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair, both hands shoved
into the pockets of a bulky military jacket—seemed menacingly close.
After a few more quick glimpses, she picked up her pace and was soon
running in earnest. Within seconds she disappeared into a cross street.
That was more than a decade ago. I was 23 years old, a graduate
student newly arrived at the University of Chicago. It was in the echo of
that terrified woman’s footfalls that I first began to know the unwieldy
inheritance I’d come into—the ability to alter public space in ugly ways. It
was clear that she thought herself the quarry of a mugger, a rapist, or
worse. Suffering a bout of insomnia, however, I was stalking sleep, not
defenseless wayfarers. As a softy who is scarcely able to take a knife
to raw chicken—let alone hold it to a person’s throat—I was surprised,
embarrassed, and dismayed all at once. Her flight made me feel like an
accomplice in tyranny. It also made it clear that I was indistinguishable
from the muggers who occasionally seeped into the area from the
surrounding ghetto. That first encounter, and those that followed signified
that a vast unnerving gulf lay between nighttime pedestrians—particularly
women—and me. And I soon gathered that being perceived as dangerous
is a hazard in itself. I only needed to turn a corner into a dicey situation,
or crowd some frightened, armed person in a foyer somewhere, or make
an errant move after being pulled over by a policeman. Where fear and
weapons meet—and they often do in urban America—there is always the
possibility of death.
In that first year, my first away from my hometown, I was to
become thoroughly familiar with the language of fear. At dark, shadowy
intersections in Chicago, I could cross in front of a car stopped at a traffic
light and elicit the thunk, thunk, thunk, thunk of the driver—black, white,
male, or female—hammering down the door locks. On less traveled streets
after dark, I grew accustomed to but never comfortable with people who
crossed to the other side of the street rather than pass me. Then there were
the standard unpleasantries with police, doormen, bouncers, cab drivers,
and others whose business it is to screen out troublesome individuals
before there is any nastiness.
I moved to New York nearly two years ago and I have remained an
avid night walker. In central Manhattan, the near-constant crowd cover
minimizes tense one-on-one stre.
Just make it simple. and not have to be good, its the first draft. .docxdonnajames55
Just make it simple. and not have to be good, it's the first draft.
I want it a complete essay of 2 pages before 10 am on Sunday.
The instructions in the second file. There is a picture in the third file.
CDT (Central Daylight Time)
UTC/GMT -5 hours
.
JUST 497 Senior Seminar and Internship ExperienceInternationa.docxdonnajames55
JUST 497: Senior Seminar and Internship Experience
International Film Critique: The Whistleblower
· Due: April 3
· Reaction Paper: 10 Points
· Presentation: 5 Points
Your first written assignment was to critique a newspaper article dealing with misconduct and/or corruption at a local level within the United States. The capstone essay asks you to consider a social injustice and its consequences that occur on a national level. The International film assignment asks you to consider issues of international law and justice.
The Whistleblower based on a true story depicts the horrors of human trafficking and human rights violations across international borders.
Please choose Assignment A or B.
Assignment A
Write a 3-4 page Reaction Paper to the above film. Summarize the producer’s main message in no more than a half page. The remainder of the paper should reflect your opinion of the content of the film based on your knowledge of international law. Make specific references to scenes in the film that correlate with information you have gained in previous or current coursework. Cite all sources in-text according to the Hacker & Sommers APA Manual of Style.
Cautionary Notes
· Do not summarize the video.
· Cite specific information from the film using the required APA Manual of style.
· Use 12 font, double spacing and 1 inch margins.
Students who need a special accommodation and cannot find a copy of a closed caption video, must meet with their instructor to design an alternative assignment.
Assignment B
The Whistleblower implicates the United Nations, the U.S. State Department, and private contractors in post war Bosnia in an organized human trafficking scheme. Kathryn Bolkovac discovers a lucrative, far-reaching operation involving the local police and United Nations peacekeepers, many of them protected by diplomatic immunity. This film is based on a true story and reflects the international concern with corruption and human trafficking.
Cast
· Kathryn Bolkovac: Nebraska police officer who accepts an offer to work with the U.N. International Police in Bosnia run by a private company in the U.K., Democra Security
· Madeleine Rees: Head of the United Nations Human Rights Commission
· Nick Kaufman: Kathryn’s Field Commander
· Peter Ward: Internal Affairs Specialist
· Luba, Raya and Irka: teenagers sold to the sex trafficking ring
· Fred Murray: Democra Security Officer
· John Blakely: Head of Human Resources
Based on the movie, address the following questions. Answers should be in a Question and Answer format and not essay style.
1. Discuss the suffering and oppression witnessed by (not experienced by) the main character. Cite specific scenes from the movie to support your discussion.
2. In whatspecific ways does Kathryn advocate for the victims she encounters? Cite scenes from the movie to support your answer.
3. Discuss how both local citizens and higher ranking officials contribute to organized corruption in post-war Bosn.
July 2002, Vol 92, No. 7 American Journal of Public Health E.docxdonnajames55
July 2002, Vol 92, No. 7 | American Journal of Public Health Editorial | 1057
⏐ EDITORIAL
A Code of
Ethics for
Public Health
The mandate to ensure and pro-
tect the health of the public is an
inherently moral one. It carries
with it an obligation to care for
the well-being of communities,
and it implies the possession of an
element of power to carry out
that mandate. The need to exer-
cise power to ensure the health of
populations and, at the same time,
to avoid abuses of such power are
at the crux of public health ethics.
Until recently, the ethical na-
ture of public health has been im-
plicitly assumed rather than ex-
plicitly stated. Increasingly,
however, society is demanding ex-
plicit attention to ethics. This de-
mand arises from technological
advances that create new possibil-
ities and, with them, new ethical
dilemmas; new challenges to
health, such as the advent of HIV;
and abuses of power, such as the
Tuskegee study of syphilis.
Medical institutions have been
more explicit about the ethical
elements of their practice than
have public health institutions.
However, the concerns of public
health are not fully consonant
with those of medicine. Thus, we
cannot simply translate the princi-
ples of medical ethics to public
health. In contrast to medicine,
public health is concerned more
with populations than with indi-
viduals, and more with prevention
than with cure. The need to artic-
ulate a distinct ethic for public
health has been noted by a num-
ber of public health professionals
and ethicists.1–5
A code of ethics for public
health can clarify the distinctive
elements of public health and the
ethical principles that follow from
or respond to those elements. It
can make clear to populations and
communities the ideals of the pub-
lic health institutions that serve
them, ideals for which the institu-
tions can be held accountable.
THE PROCESS OF
WRITING THE CODE
The backgrounds and perspec-
tives of people who identify
themselves as public health pro-
fessionals are as diverse as the
multitude of factors affecting the
health of populations. Articulating
a common ethic for this diverse
group is a formidable challenge.
In the spring of 2000, the gradu-
ating class of the Public Health
Leadership Institute chose writing
a code of ethics for public health
as a group project. The institute
provides advanced leadership
training to people who are al-
ready in leadership roles in pub-
lic health. Because the fellows
bring a wealth of experience from
a wide variety of public health in-
stitutions, they are uniquely able
to represent diverse perspectives
and identify ethical issues com-
mon in public health.
At the 2000 meeting of the Na-
tional Association of City and
County Health Officers, the group
added a non-institute member
( J. C. Thomas) and charted a plan
for working toward a code. The
plan included receiving a formal
charge as the code of ethics work-
ing group at the annual meeting of
the American Public Health Asso-
c.
Journals are to be 2 pages long with an introduction, discussion and.docxdonnajames55
Journals are to be 2 pages long with an introduction, discussion and conclusion. They must be double spaced. Your formatting, sentence structure, spell checking, etc., will all be taken into account.
Utilizing YouTube, do a search for and listen to at least two perspectives from CNN, Fox News and/or MSNBC regarding culture wars. Provide me with an analysis that discusses two different perspectives. I typed in CNN/Fox News/MSNBC and then culture war, and was able to find quite a few 5 minute vignettes with regard to the topic. If you find a discussion of the culture wars either in written form or at another site, you must insure that it is a legitimate source and provide a link to the site.
Make sure to first provide your understanding of the definition of culture wars as outlined in the text readings, then provide me with your analysis obtained from the news outlets.
.
Judgement in Managerial Decision MakingBased on examples fro.docxdonnajames55
Judgement in Managerial Decision Making
Based on examples from one of the recommended articles selected by you, the lecture notes, the text, and other sources, discuss one or several of the themes: the nature of managerial decision making, the steps in the managerial decision making, organizational learning and creativity, judgmental heuristics, common biases in managerial decision making, bounds of human judgment, strategies for making better decisions.
.
Joyce is a 34-year-old woman who has been married 10 years. She .docxdonnajames55
Joyce is a 34-year-old woman who has been married 10 years. She has three children, all less than 10 years old: Sheena (age 9), Jack (age 6), and Beth (age 2). Her husband is a prominent attorney. They present an ideal picture of an upper-middle-class family. They live in a fashionable suburb. The husband has been successful to the extent that he has been made a full partner in a large law firm. The family is very active in church, the country club, and various other social organizations. Joyce is an active member of several charitable, civic, and social groups. Joyce’s initial call to the abuse center was vague and guarded. She expressed an interest in inquiring for “another woman” in regard to the purpose of the center. After she had received information and an invitation to call back, a number of weeks elapsed. Joyce’s second call occurred after receiving a severe beating from her husband.
Joyce tells the crisis worker in the phone:"Well, last night he beat me worse than ever. I thought he was really going to kill me this time. It had been building up for the past few weeks. His fuse was getting shorter and shorter, both with me and the kids. It’s his work, I guess. Finally he came home late last night. Dinner was cold. We were supposed to go out, and I guess it was my fault . . . I complained about his being late, and he blew up. Started yelling that he was gonna teach me a lesson. He started hitting me with his fists . . .knocked me down . . . and then started kicking me. I got up and ran into the bathroom. The kids were yelling for him to stop and he cuffed Sheena . . . God, it was horrible! (Wracked with sobs for more than a minute. CW waits.) I’m sorry, I just can’t seem to keep control."
As the crisis worker:
1-What typical dynamics did you see occurring—denial, guilt, fear, rationalization, withdrawal, and so on—in the victim? How would you as the crisis worker handle them?
What are some of the domestic violence intervention strategies? Pick one and how would you apply it to the scenario
.
Journal Write in 300-500 words about the following topic.After .docxdonnajames55
Journal: Write in 300-500 words about the following topic.
After watching some news and some television shows, including movies and anime. What are some portrayals of sexual harassment and rape myths that are perpetuated by social media, entertainment media, and news outlets?
What is the motivation of rapists on TV and in the movies?
What “types” of women get raped or sexually assaulted and harassed in movies and television?
Some research suggests that on TV and in the movies nontraditional women get raped more often than traditional women as a means of putting nontraditional women “in their place.”
How does what you saw compare to the research? How do gender stereotypes perpetuate rape and harassment culture?
In your experience or opinion, what are some ways society can address some of these issues around sexual assault and sexual battery, especially on college campuses and workplaces?
.
Journal Supervision and Management StyleWhen it comes to superv.docxdonnajames55
Journal: Supervision and Management Style
When it comes to supervising and managing personnel in human services organizations, everyone has his or her own leadership style. Some styles are effective and supportive; others may be ineffectual and unhelpful. When supervising and managing staff, it is important for human services administrators to first identify their leadership style and examine personal strengths and weaknesses related to their leadership style. Understanding how to utilize strengths and address weaknesses in leadership style is important for administrators to be both effective and supportive when supervising and managing.
In order to complete the Application Assignment, you must first complete the "Types of Leadership and Patterns of Management" interactive graphic provided in the Learning Resources. Once you have done so, take note of your leadership style and think about your areas of strengths and weaknesses.
After completing the self-assessment tool in this week’s Learning Resources, reflect on the results.
RESULTS:
I am very good at executing the work of a task, though I like clarity about the desired outcome.
1.
Engaging
2.
I really prefer to be peaceful and calm, finding ways to help others achieve their goals
3.
Achieving consensus among followers assures the best success
4.
It is ok to breech boundaries if we can all move in the same direction
5.
Being a change agent is never easy, but it is very stimulating for me
6.
I really prefer to be in control, though it does not have to be out in public
7.
Challenges should be addressed head on
8.
I like predictability
9.
I like to always put my best foot forward
10.
I am known to sometimes be argumentative, I believe it is the way new ideas emerge
11.
The best way to succeed is to trust oneself
12.
When determining goals to reach, we should always challenge ourselves a little beyond what we can see ourselves accomplishing
13.
The best way for me to relax is to spend some time alone quietly.
14.
When decisions are necessary my primary concern is its effect on the persons involved
15.
I am confident and assertive
16.
I am a compassionate person and there is significant value in the person (s) knowing where it comes from
17.
I am a very consistent person and am guided by my values
18.
I am a compassionate person but would rather show it behind the scenes
19.
I am conscientious and organized
20.Next
I like to focus on group cohesion
21.
When decisions are necessary I can make them easily and quickly as circumstances demand it
22.
My strong ability to envision the future makes me a result oriented leader
23.
Building and sustaining a strong image is a principle contributor to progress
24.
I see the big picture
25.
The best way for me to relax is to be reflective with a friend
26.
I am known to create harmony among others as it creates an optimal working environment. I am unimpressed with conflict
27.
Realistic
28.
I lik.
Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics, Fall 2018, Vol. 15, No.docxdonnajames55
Journal of Social Work Values & Ethics, Fall 2018, Vol. 15, No. 2 - page 37
Ethnicity, Values, and Value Conflicts of African
American and White Social Service Professionals
Andrew Edwards, MSW, Ph.D.
Cleveland State University, Emeritus
[email protected]
Mamadou M. Seck, Ph.D.
Cleveland State University
[email protected]
Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 15, Number 2 (2018)
Copyright 2018, ASWB
This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without
express written consent from the authors and advance notification of ASWB.
Abstract
This aspect of a broader study included 110 (68
White/European American and 42 Black/African
American) social service professionals. The primary
focus of this aspect of the study was to verify the
value orientation or core beliefs of the practitioners
who deliver services to clients through social service
agencies and programs. The conceptualization
of the core beliefs explored the values and value
conflicts in relation to professional practice. The
participants were employed in a Midwestern
metropolitan region. They responded to a survey
instrument that included vignettes, closed-ended
items, scaled responses, as well as either-or type
items. Major categories of the exploration included:
life and death issues, lifestyle, domestic and
social perspectives, value conflicts with the social
work profession, and personal responses to value
conflicts. Specific items measuring values related
to abortion, homosexuality, religiosity, euthanasia,
and corporal punishment were included. Study
results showed statistical significance on 26 issues
as African American participants were compared
with White participants.
Keywords: value conflicts, social work, ethical
dilemmas, ethnicity, professional relationship
Introduction
The complexity of American society (Jarrett,
2000), specifically due to its historic, economic,
social, and ethnic makeup, requires that social
work professionals take their clients’ ethnicity,
values, and professional-client value conflicts
into consideration. Historical dynamics, such as
unproductive treatment, have contributed to the
reluctance of various population groups to engage
with professional service providers. This history
(Barker, 2014) has influenced the adoption of
guidelines that require social workers to be culturally
aware during interventions and recognizing that
diversity-related characteristics have influence upon
an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Barker (2014) further noted that the concept of
values is influenced by one’s perceptions of what
comprises appropriate principles, practices, and
behaviors. An individual’s personal values are often
considered as a representation of one’s core beliefs
and what an individual may perceive as right.
Therefore, these beliefs do not require supporting
evidence for those who embrace them and may
result in behavio.
Journal of Personality 862, April 2018VC 2016 Wiley Perio.docxdonnajames55
Journal of Personality 86:2, April 2018
VC 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12301Unique Associations Between Big
Five Personality Aspects and
Multiple Dimensions of Well-Being
Jessie Sun ,
1,2
Scott Barry Kaufman,
3
and
Luke D. Smillie
1
1
The University of Melbourne
2
University of California, Davis
3
University of Pennsylvania
Abstract
Objective: Personality traits are associated with well-being, but the precise correlates vary across well-being dimensions and
within each Big Five domain. This study is the first to examine the unique associations between the Big Five aspects (rather
than facets) and multiple well-being dimensions.
Method: Two samples of U.S. participants (total N 5 706; Mage 5 36.17; 54% female) recruited via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk
completed measures of the Big Five aspects and subjective, psychological, and PERMA well-being.
Results: One aspect within each domain was more strongly associated with well-being variables. Enthusiasm and Withdrawal
were strongly associated with a broad range of well-being variables, but other aspects of personality also had idiosyncratic
associations with distinct forms of positive functioning (e.g., Compassion with positive relationships, Industriousness with
accomplishment, and Intellect with personal growth).
Conclusions: An aspect-level analysis provides an optimal (i.e., parsimonious yet sufficiently comprehensive) framework for
describing the relation between personality traits and multiple ways of thriving in life.
Keywords: Personality, aspects, Big Five, subjective well-being, psychological well-being
When multiple positive end states are examined, it becomes
apparent that aspects of psychological well-being may be
achieved by more people than just the nonneurotic, extra-
verted members of society. (Schmutte & Ryff, 1997, p. 558)
The large literature describing the associations between person-
ality traits and well-being suggests that Extraversion (the tendency
to be bold, talkative, enthusiastic, and sociable) and Neuroticism
(the tendency to be emotionally unstable and prone to negative
emotions) are especially strong predictors of well-being (e.g.,
Steel, Schmidt, & Shultz, 2008). But is well-being only accessible
to the extraverted and non-neurotic? We propose that more
nuanced insights can be revealed by examining the relation
between narrower traits and a broader spectrum of well-being
dimensions. The goal of the current study is to comprehensively
describe the unique associations between personality aspects and
dimensions of well-being across three well-being taxonomies.
Personality Traits and Three Taxonomies
of Well-Being
Personality traits and well-being dimensions can each be
described at different levels of resolution. The Big Five domains
provide a relatively comprehensive framework for organizing
differential patterns of affect, behavior, and cognition (John,
Naumann, & Soto, 2008). These broad traits can be further bro-
ken dow.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology1977, Vol. 35, N.docxdonnajames55
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
1977, Vol. 35, No. 9, 677-688
Self-Reference and the Encoding of Personal Information
T. B. Rogers, N. A. Kuiper, and W. S. Kirker
University of Calgary, Canada
The degree to which the self is implicated in processing personal information
was investigated. Subjects rated adjectives on four tasks designed to force
varying kinds of encoding: structural, phonemic, semantic, and self-reference.
In two experiments, incidental recall of the rated words indicated that adjec-
tives rated under the self-reference task were recalled the best. These results
indicate that self-reference is a rich and powerful encoding process. As an
aspect of the human information-processing system, the self appears to func-
tion as a superordinate schema that is deeply involved in the processing, inter-
pretation, and memory of personal information.
Present research and theory in personality
appear to be placing more and more empha-
sis on how a person has organized his or her
psychological world. Starting with Kelly's
(1955) formulation of personal constructs,
we see a gradual emergence of a number of
avenues of inquiry that use this as their focal
point. In person perception, the concept of
lay personality theory stresses that the ob-
server's analytic network of expected trait
covariations is an integral part of how he
processes (and generates) interpersonal data
(Hastorf, Schneider, & Polefka, 1970). Bern
and Allen (1974), in their embellishment of
Allport's (1937) idiographic position, argue
that an important determinant of predictive
utility of trait measurement is the manner
in which the respondent has organized his or
her view of the trait being measured. These
authors see the overlap between the respond-
ent's and the experimenter's concept of the
trait as a necessary prerequisite of predic-
tion. Attribution theory (Jones et al., 1971)
is another example of this increased accent
on personal organization. Here the emphasis
is on how the subject explains past behavior
This research was supported by a grant from the
Canada Council. We would like to thank the fol-
lowing persons for their useful ideas and comments
on earlier drafts: F. I. M. Craik, E. J. Rowe, P. J.
Rogers, H. Lytton, J. Clark, J. Ells, C. G. Costello,
and especially one anonymous reviewer.
Requests for reprints should be sent to T. B.
Rogers, Department of Psychology, The University
of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4.
and how these explanations are organized in
an attributional network. The common
thread in all of these contemporary research
areas is the notion that the cognitions of a
person, particularly their manner of organ-
ization, should be an integral part of our
attempts to explain personality and behavior.
Of concern in the present article is the
construct of self and how it is implicated in
the organization of personal data. Our gen-
eral position is that the self is an extremely
active and powerful agent in the organizati.
Journal of Pcnonaluy and Social Psychology1»M. Vd 47, No 6. .docxdonnajames55
Journal of Pcnonaluy and Social Psychology
1»M. Vd 47, No 6. 1292-1302
Copynghi I9S4 by the
American Psychological Association. Inc
Influence of Gender Constancy and Social Power
on Sex-Linked Modeling
Kay Bussey
Macquarie University
New South Wales, Australia
Albert Bandura
Stanford University
Competing predictions derived from cognitive-developmental theory and social
learning theory concerning sex-linked modeling were tested. In cognitive-develop-
mental theory, gender constancy is considered a necessary prerequisite for the
emulation of same-sex models, whereas according to social learning theory, sex-
role development is promoted through a vast system of social influences with
modeling serving as a major conveyor of sex role information. In accord with
social learning theory, even children at a lower level of gender conception emulated
same-sex models in preference to opposite-sex ones. Level of gender constancy
was associated with higher emulation of both male and female models rather
than operating as a selective determinant of modeling. This finding corroborates
modeling as a basic mechanism in the sex-typing process. In a second experiment
we explored the limits of same-sex modeling by pitting social power against the
force of collective modeling of different patterns of behavior by male and female
models. Social power over activities and rewarding resources produced cross-sex
modeling in boys, but not in girls. This unexpected pattern of cross-sex modeling
is explained by the differential sex-typing pressures that exist for boys and girls
and socialization experiences that heighten the attractiveness of social power
for boys.
Most theories of sex role development as-
sign a major role to modeling as a basic
mechanism of sex role learning (Bandura,
1969; Kagan, 1964; Mischel, 1970; Sears,
Rau & Alpert, 1965). Maccoby and Jacklin
(1974) have questioned whether social prac-
tices or modeling processes are influential in
the development of sex-linked roles. They
point to findings that in laboratory situations
children do not consistently pattern their
This research was supported by Research Grant No.
M-S162-21 from the National Institute of Mental Health,
U.S. Public Health Services, and by the Lewis S. Haas
Child Development Research Fund, Stanford University.
We thank Martin Curland, Brad Carpenter, Brent Sha-
phren, Deborah Skriba, Erin Dignam, and Pamela Minet
for serving as models. We are indebted to Marilyn
Waterman for filming and editing the videotape modeling
sequence, to Eileen Lynch and Sara Buxton, who acted
as experimenters, and to Nancy Adams, who assisted in
collecting the data. Finally, we also thank the staff and
children from Bing Nursery School, Stanford University.
Requests for reprints should be sent to either Kay
Bussey, School of Behavioral Sciences, Macquarie Uni-
versity, North Ryde, Australia, 2113, or to Albert Bandura,
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building
420 Jordan Hall, Stanford,.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Competitive StrategyDr. Laura WhitcombBUS 4970Spring.docx
1. Competitive Strategy
Dr. Laura Whitcomb
BUS 4970
Spring 2017
Strategic Management Definition
= The process whereby managers establish an organization’s
long-term direction. This involves:
1) Setting Mission & Goals
2) Strategy Formation
--internal capabilities
--external environment
--selection of strategy
3) Strategy Implementation
4) Strategy Evaluation
How to Analyze a CaseMission/Vision & ObjectivesCurrent
StrategyIndustry AnalysisS.W.O.T. AnalysisRecommendations
MISSION Defined
Answers the question “What business are we in?” or “Why do
we exist?”
--Customer Needs: What is being satisfied?
--Customer Groups: Who is being satisfied?
2. --Distinctive Competencies: How are customer needs being
satisfied?
Pepsico vs. Coke?To be the world's premier consumer products
company focused on convenient foods and beverages. To
Refresh the World...in body, mind, and spirit. To Inspire
Moments of Optimism... through our brands and our actions. To
Create Value and Make a Difference... everywhere we engage.
Vision StatementsFuture-oriented; transformativeMission =
what is; vision = what will beCompanies may have mission or
vision or bothMission and/or vision often accompanied by
statement of company values
Vision Statements
NASA:
Reach for new heights & reveal the unknown for the benefit of
humankind
Star Trek:
To boldly go where no one has gone before
GOALS
= a desired future state that a company attempts to realize.
Should be:
- precise & measurable
- addressing important issues
- challenging but realistic
3. - set for a specific time period
- consistent with each other
Weighting Factors: What to Avoid
Types of GoalsFinancialProfitabilityRevenue growthLong-term
shareholder valueCustomerProduct/service attributes;
relationship; imageInternal ProcessOperations, customers,
innovationCorporate social responsibilityLearning &
growthHuman, information, & organization resources
Levels of Strategy & Organization StructureCorporate Strategy
------>Corporate Head OfficeCompetitive (Business-level)
Strategy
------>Business DivisionsFunctional Strategy
------>R&D, HR, Finance, Operations,
Marketing/Sales
Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Purpose: achieve above-average long-run ROI for your
industry.Competitive AdvantageCost
LeadershipDifferentiationCompetitive ScopeBroad
TargetNarrow Target (Focus/Niche)
4. Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Competitive Advantage/
ScopeLower Cost
Differentiation
Broad Target
Cost Leadership
Differentiation
Narrow Target
Cost Focus
Focused Differentiation
Dolce & Gabbana
Industry Analysis:
Porter’s 5 Competitive Forces
Purpose: understand why some industries have higher profit
margins & what factors can change long-run industry
profitability.Risk of New EntryRivalry Among Established
FirmsBargaining Power of BuyersBargaining Power of
SuppliersThreat of Substitute Products
ENTRY
5. BarriersBrand LoyaltyAbsolute Cost Advantagespatentsaccess
to raw materialssuperior production techniquesEconomies of
ScaleGovernment Regulation
Factors Affecting Intensity of RIVALRYCompetitive
Structurenumber of firmsrelative market shareDemand
conditionsgrowthdeclineExit barriers
Factors Affecting BARGAINING POWERNumber of firms in
buyer vs. supplier industriesQuantity or % of total
ordersSwitching costsStandardization vs. specialization of
inputThreat of vertical integration
The Plastic Bag Paradox
WSJ 9/6/13
Low Cost Shale Gas
Polyethylene makers:
Exxon,
Dow Chemical
Plastic bag makers
SUBSTITUTES
= products from OTHER industries that serve consumers’ needs
in a way that is similar to those being served by your industry.
Example: coffee vs. tea vs. soft drinks
6. NOTE: Substitutes are very difficult to monitor, because they
can involve technological changes in industries that did not
pose any threat in the past.
Threat of Substitutes
Company Situation AnalysisINTERNAL: Strengths &
Weaknessesfinancial position: relative & changes over
timefunctional capabilities: sustainable?
distinctive?EXTERNAL: Opportunities &
Threatsdemographic & socio-cultural changeseconomic &
political/legal changesindustry & technological changes
RECOMMENDATIONS
Shift from Analysis--->SynthesisIs a fundamental shift in
strategy required or not?How do your recommendations line up
with your SWOT analysis?Is this a feasible, creative solution
that is supported by your analysis?
Competitive
Advantage/
Scope
Lower Cost
Differentiation
Broad Target
Cost
Leadership
Differentiation
Narrow Target
Cost Focus
Focused
7. Differentiation
Competitive Strategy
Dr. Laura Whitcomb
BUS 4970
Spring 2017
Strategic Management Definition
= The process whereby managers establish an organization’s
long-term direction. This involves:
1) Setting Mission & Goals
2) Strategy Formation
--internal capabilities
--external environment
--selection of strategy
3) Strategy Implementation
4) Strategy Evaluation
How to Analyze a CaseMission/Vision & ObjectivesCurrent
StrategyIndustry AnalysisS.W.O.T. AnalysisRecommendations
MISSION Defined
Answers the question “What business are we in?” or “Why do
we exist?”
--Customer Needs: What is being satisfied?
--Customer Groups: Who is being satisfied?
8. --Distinctive Competencies: How are customer needs being
satisfied?
Pepsico vs. Coke?To be the world's premier consumer products
company focused on convenient foods and beverages. To
Refresh the World...in body, mind, and spirit. To Inspire
Moments of Optimism... through our brands and our actions. To
Create Value and Make a Difference... everywhere we engage.
Vision StatementsFuture-oriented; transformativeMission =
what is; vision = what will beCompanies may have mission or
vision or bothMission and/or vision often accompanied by
statement of company values
Vision Statements
NASA:
Reach for new heights & reveal the unknown for the benefit of
humankind
Star Trek:
To boldly go where no one has gone before
GOALS
= a desired future state that a company attempts to realize.
Should be:
- precise & measurable
- addressing important issues
- challenging but realistic
9. - set for a specific time period
- consistent with each other
Weighting Factors: What to Avoid
Types of GoalsFinancialProfitabilityRevenue growthLong-term
shareholder valueCustomerProduct/service attributes;
relationship; imageInternal ProcessOperations, customers,
innovationCorporate social responsibilityLearning &
growthHuman, information, & organization resources
Levels of Strategy & Organization StructureCorporate Strategy
------>Corporate Head OfficeCompetitive (Business-level)
Strategy
------>Business DivisionsFunctional Strategy
------>R&D, HR, Finance, Operations,
Marketing/Sales
Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Purpose: achieve above-average long-run ROI for your
industry.Competitive AdvantageCost
LeadershipDifferentiationCompetitive ScopeBroad
TargetNarrow Target (Focus/Niche)
10. Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies
Competitive Advantage/
ScopeLower Cost
Differentiation
Broad Target
Cost Leadership
Differentiation
Narrow Target
Cost Focus
Focused Differentiation
Dolce & Gabbana
Industry Analysis:
Porter’s 5 Competitive Forces
Purpose: understand why some industries have higher profit
margins & what factors can change long-run industry
profitability.Risk of New EntryRivalry Among Established
FirmsBargaining Power of BuyersBargaining Power of
SuppliersThreat of Substitute Products
ENTRY
11. BarriersBrand LoyaltyAbsolute Cost Advantagespatentsaccess
to raw materialssuperior production techniquesEconomies of
ScaleGovernment Regulation
Factors Affecting Intensity of RIVALRYCompetitive
Structurenumber of firmsrelative market shareDemand
conditionsgrowthdeclineExit barriers
Factors Affecting BARGAINING POWERNumber of firms in
buyer vs. supplier industriesQuantity or % of total
ordersSwitching costsStandardization vs. specialization of
inputThreat of vertical integration
The Plastic Bag Paradox
WSJ 9/6/13
Low Cost Shale Gas
Polyethylene makers:
Exxon,
Dow Chemical
Plastic bag makers
SUBSTITUTES
= products from OTHER industries that serve consumers’ needs
in a way that is similar to those being served by your industry.
Example: coffee vs. tea vs. soft drinks
12. NOTE: Substitutes are very difficult to monitor, because they
can involve technological changes in industries that did not
pose any threat in the past.
Threat of Substitutes
Company Situation AnalysisINTERNAL: Strengths &
Weaknessesfinancial position: relative & changes over
timefunctional capabilities: sustainable?
distinctive?EXTERNAL: Opportunities &
Threatsdemographic & socio-cultural changeseconomic &
political/legal changesindustry & technological changes
RECOMMENDATIONS
Shift from Analysis--->SynthesisIs a fundamental shift in
strategy required or not?How do your recommendations line up
with your SWOT analysis?Is this a feasible, creative solution
that is supported by your analysis?
Competitive
Advantage/
Scope
Lower Cost
Differentiation
Broad Target
Cost
Leadership
Differentiation
Narrow Target
Cost Focus
13. Focused
Differentiation
Running head: TESLA MOTORS 1
TESLA MOTORS 3
Tesla Motors
1. Current Situation
Tesla Motors is a company that was founded in 2003 and is
headquartered at Palo Alo in California. The company came up
with an idea of creating an electric car with an attempt to outdo
the performance of gasoline vehicles (Mangram, 2012). The
owners of the company, Marc Tarpenning and Martin Eberhand,
were inspired to come up with their company by a genius
electric engineer, Nikola Tesla, came up with the current
alternating current. Nicola Tesla also came up with a sports car
that was run in an AC induction motor. Elon Musk, the major
investor of Tesla Motors was a risk taker, interested in coming
up with a vehicle that was a hundred percent electric, without
having to compromise in any aspects of the car.
The first electric sedan launched by Tesla Motors referred to as
the Model S was released in 2012. This car attained a safety
rating of 5-stars because it was the car of the year in 2013. In a
bid to increase performance, Tesla released another version of
Model S, which has a dual motor. Additionally, the company
also released Model X, which has better aspects than the two
versions of Model S. Over time, the company has expanded its
operation, and currently manufactures the electric cars in
California, and Fremont, with expansion efforts in Lathrop and
California.
As of the year 2016, the company has had a net revenue
amounting $1,147,048. This amount was an increase in the
company’s revenues from the previous year, which was at
$939,880. The continuous increase in the company’s revenue
has come about because of the reduction in costs by an average
14. of $100,000. Tesla’s shares range at $220 per share, which is
an increase from the previous levels whereby the shares had
decreased to around $147. The improvement in the company’s
revenue and shares is a result of the efforts in product
development strategies. From the start of the company, the
company has put over $900 million in the research and
development activities aimed at improving the performance of
its cars.
Strategy
The strategic alignment of Tesla Motors includes manufacturing
a high-end vehicle, whose target consumers includes the
wealthy individuals in the society. Moreover, the company has
concentrated on providing its consumers with a highly priced
vehicle, which has made it possible for the enlargement of its
customer base. Due to this aspect, the company has managed to
expand its operations, taking into consideration the
development of a cheaper car that could be sold to the people of
the lower social classes.
The company is building a network of up to 120kw fast
supercharger equipment. It can replenish 170 miles of range in
the battery pack in 30 mins.
2. Challenges and Major Problems
Tesla Motors has been faced by several issues over the years.
One of the challenges that the company has experienced has
been issues in the battery charging and pack fires. In 2013,
three fire accidents were reported in a span of five weeks.
Although these incidents were reported, the only good thing is
that no serious accidents or even deaths were reported.
The worst of these cases was the situation in which a fire
occurred in the residential garage of one of the customers of the
customers of the company. The customer had purchased the
Model S car and the fire happened in the process of charging
the battery. The cause of the fire was the faulty wall socket,
coupled up with charging cables that do not cut off electricity
once a problem is detected.
The major problem that arose from this situation was the
15. manner in which Tesla Motors handled the situation. Its CEO
Elon Musk made no efforts to apologize to the garage owner, as
well as the public for the fire incidents occurring from the
electric vehicles. Moreover, the company shifted the blame to
the media and claimed that it was tarnishing the company’s
name. This aspect led to the consumer’s lack of trust and
confidence in Tesla Motors and its electric cars. The people
believed that the company had no sympathy for the victims
since it did not accept responsibility for what had happened.
Another challenge faced was the concerns raised by the public
concerning the type of batteries that the company was using to
power its cars, as well as materials used in the manufacture of
these batteries. The situation was further made worse by the
media coverage of the fire incidents on the local and
international arena. This issue led to a drop in the company’s
stock prices to around 20% since the people were no longer
confident that Tesla’s vehicles were safe for them.
Tesla Motors also faced challenges in its application of
innovative technology. The company has in the past invested its
resources in the carrying out of research that was used to
develop the various models of electric cars. However, the
company failed to apply its research capabilities when
developing the Model S cars, and thus did not come up with
innovative batteries with no risk of fires. Tesla Motors did not
consider the fact that its innovative technology could be applied
to also make upgrades on its cables, thus ensuring that fires do
not emerge.
Another of the challenges was the range anxiety faced by the
drivers of the Tesla’s electric cars. The drivers are always
afraid that their vehicles will run out of charge before they
reach their destinations. Consumers are afraid of purchasing the
vehicles because the charging stations are far apart, making it
inconvenient.
3. Tesla’s Corporate Objectives and Mission
Mission Statement
Initially, the company’s mission statement was “to accelerate
16. the world’s transition to sustainable transport” (Mangram,
2012). However, as of 2016, Tesla Motor’s mission statement
was changed and stated as “to accelerate the world’s transition
to sustainable energy” (Mangram, 2012). This mission statement
shows the shift of the company’s business strategies with an
aim of capitalizing on the existing market opportunities in the
renewable energy. Several features of this mission represent the
changes in the company. These features include:
· Sustainable energy
· Acceleration
· The transitioning of the world
Acceleration, in Tesla’s case refers to the efforts by the
company to push the automotive industry towards embracing the
use of renewable sources of energy to conserve the
environment. It also refers to the effort of increasing business
sustainability through the renewable sources of energy. The
transition of the world indicated in the mission statement refers
to the attempts of the company to ensure that the society
embraces the use of electric cars. It also represents a shift from
the use of petroleum-powered cars to those using electricity.
Lastly, the sustainable energy aspect of the mission puts into
consideration the business strategies used by Tesla Motors to
achieve the use of sustainable energy all over the world.
Corporate Objectives of Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors’ corporate objectives are based on its goals of
ensuring the Transition of the world to the use of the
sustainable sources of energy. Additionally, it is also focused
on ensuring that the revenues of the company are increased. For
this reason, its corporate goals are divided into three categories.
These categories include
· Primary objectives
· Secondary objectives
· Overarching objectives
1. The primary objectives of Tesla motors in include driving
the dales of its cars up through the generation of demand. It
also aims at increasing awareness concerning the Tesla brand,
17. and increasing its customer base, thus creating brand loyalty.
2. The secondary objectives include ensuring that the market
share of the company continues to increase and to ensure that
the word understands its goals of sustainable energy.
3. Lastly, there are the overarching objectives, which including
empowering the society, inspiring others, and educating the
world on renewable energy.
4. Tesla’s Competitors
The electric vehicle segment of the automotive industry in the
international market has had several companies operating in it.
As of 2013, the production of passage cars amounted to around
65 million. Out of these vehicles, only 1% of these were electric
vehicles. These vehicles were manufactured by a number of
players in this industry alongside Tesla Motors. The other
companies manufacturing the plug-in electric vehicles are the
competitors of Tesla Motors. These companies include
· Chevrolet
· Nissan
· Toyota
· Ford
· Mitsubishi
· Honda
· Volkswagen
Among Tesla’s competitors. Toyota has been the most
competitive. As of 2013. Toyota Motor Corp was names as the
global leader in the manufacture and sale of the plug-in electric
cars, as well as the hybrids. By 2013, Toyota had manufacture 6
million units of the plugins (Mangram, 2012).
Another company that has proved to be too competitive is
Volkswagen. The company has been researching into the
manufacture of the electric cars while keeping its production
costs lows. In 2013, the company explained that it made efforts
to ensure that it became a market leader in the manufacture of
18. electric cars in the global market.
5. Recommendation
Improving the Competitive Position
Advertising
Tesla motors should improve its competitive position by
increasing its advertisement all across the globe. One advantage
of advertising is that it increases the knowledge of people about
the company and the products offered thereby increasing the
reputation of the company. Increased advertising means
informing the people about the operations of the firm therefore
making the people interested in purchasing the vehicle.
Advertising is actually the primary tool that businesses use to
create and maintain a competitive position in the market. It is
by appealing to people to make purchases that a company get
more customers than the competitors and thus a competitive
position. Moreover, to remain relevant and always on the minds
of potential customers, the company needs to advertise its
products and services in the market.
Positioning
Positioning entails building the reputation of the firm
among the consumers to ensure that the products is perceived
positively among the people and that it can be easily
remembered by people. A better position in the market provides
a firm with a competitive position better than its competitors
since people will always think about the product of the firm in
preference to the competitors. In positioning the company
should conducts campaigns that involve competitions that will
lead to an individual winning a free or subsidized tesla car of a
given model. Such a competition may entail the customers
sending the tesla models they know of after which a draw for a
lucky winner will be conducted. The approach would place the
company at a better position in the market which will result to
increased competitive advantage for the firm.
The company should also sponsor some common events in
the society such as football, athletics, and other forms of sport
that are watched globally or in the specific target market.
19. Participating in such events will put the firm into the lime light
and attract a wider market which comes with a better
competitive position. The move will also endear the company to
the public and thus attract more customers improving the
Tesla’s competitive position.
Improving the Financial Condition
Tesla should consider issuing unsecured notes to the
renowned organization generate more funds for the firm. Al the
notes are risky, they would offer the firm more returns to help
in adding to its financial pool to use in developing the firm
further. The approach would mean more earning for the firm
which would be used to support the expansion of the firm.
Moreover, the firm should invest in advertising to raise the
revenues of the firm and thus add to the earning of the
company. In 2014, the revenues and earnings of the first quarter
declined from the previous quarter impacting negatively on its
financial condition. This should be changed to improve its
financial condition and performance.
References
Mangram, ME 2012, 'The globalization of Tesla Motors: a
strategic marketing plan analysis', Journal Of Strategic
Marketing, 20, 4, pp. 289-312
Running head: TESLA MOTORS 1
TESLA MOTORS 3
Tesla Motors
1. Current Situation
Tesla Motors is a company that was founded in 2003 and is
headquartered at Palo Alo in California. The company came up
with an idea of creating an electric car with an attempt to outdo
the performance of gasoline vehicles (Mangram, 2012). The
owners of the company, Marc Tarpenning and Martin Eberhand,
20. were inspired to come up with their company by a genius
electric engineer, Nikola Tesla, came up with the current
alternating current. Nicola Tesla also came up with a sports car
that was run in an AC induction motor. Elon Musk, the major
investor of Tesla Motors was a risk taker, interested in coming
up with a vehicle that was a hundred percent electric, without
having to compromise in any aspects of the car.
The first electric sedan launched by Tesla Motors referred to as
the Model S was released in 2012. This car attained a safety
rating of 5-stars because it was the car of the year in 2013. In a
bid to increase performance, Tesla released another version of
Model S, which has a dual motor. Additionally, the company
also released Model X, which has better aspects than the two
versions of Model S. Over time, the company has expanded its
operation, and currently manufactures the electric cars in
California, and Fremont, with expansion efforts in Lathrop and
California.
As of the year 2016, the company has had a net revenue
amounting $1,147,048. This amount was an increase in the
company’s revenues from the previous year, which was at
$939,880. The continuous increase in the company’s revenue
has come about because of the reduction in costs by an average
of $100,000. Tesla’s shares range at $220 per share, which is
an increase from the previous levels whereby the shares had
decreased to around $147. The improvement in the company’s
revenue and shares is a result of the efforts in product
development strategies. From the start of the company, the
company has put over $900 million in the research and
development activities aimed at improving the performance of
its cars.
Strategy
The strategic alignment of Tesla Motors includes manufacturing
a high-end vehicle, whose target consumers includes the
wealthy individuals in the society. Moreover, the company has
concentrated on providing its consumers with a highly priced
vehicle, which has made it possible for the enlargement of its
21. customer base. Due to this aspect, the company has managed to
expand its operations, taking into consideration the
development of a cheaper car that could be sold to the people of
the lower social classes.
The company is building a network of up to 120kw fast
supercharger equipment. It can replenish 170 miles of range in
the battery pack in 30 mins.
2. Challenges and Major Problems
Tesla Motors has been faced by several issues over the years.
One of the challenges that the company has experienced has
been issues in the battery charging and pack fires. In 2013,
three fire accidents were reported in a span of five weeks.
Although these incidents were reported, the only good thing is
that no serious accidents or even deaths were reported.
The worst of these cases was the situation in which a fire
occurred in the residential garage of one of the customers of the
customers of the company. The customer had purchased the
Model S car and the fire happened in the process of charging
the battery. The cause of the fire was the faulty wall socket,
coupled up with charging cables that do not cut off electricity
once a problem is detected.
The major problem that arose from this situation was the
manner in which Tesla Motors handled the situation. Its CEO
Elon Musk made no efforts to apologize to the garage owner, as
well as the public for the fire incidents occurring from the
electric vehicles. Moreover, the company shifted the blame to
the media and claimed that it was tarnishing the company’s
name. This aspect led to the consumer’s lack of trust and
confidence in Tesla Motors and its electric cars. The people
believed that the company had no sympathy for the victims
since it did not accept responsibility for what had happened.
Another challenge faced was the concerns raised by the public
concerning the type of batteries that the company was using to
power its cars, as well as materials used in the manufacture of
these batteries. The situation was further made worse by the
media coverage of the fire incidents on the local and
22. international arena. This issue led to a drop in the company’s
stock prices to around 20% since the people were no longer
confident that Tesla’s vehicles were safe for them.
Tesla Motors also faced challenges in its application of
innovative technology. The company has in the past invested its
resources in the carrying out of research that was used to
develop the various models of electric cars. However, the
company failed to apply its research capabilities when
developing the Model S cars, and thus did not come up with
innovative batteries with no risk of fires. Tesla Motors did not
consider the fact that its innovative technology could be applied
to also make upgrades on its cables, thus ensuring that fires do
not emerge.
Another of the challenges was the range anxiety faced by the
drivers of the Tesla’s electric cars. The drivers are always
afraid that their vehicles will run out of charge before they
reach their destinations. Consumers are afraid of purchasing the
vehicles because the charging stations are far apart, making it
inconvenient.
3. Tesla’s Corporate Objectives and Mission
Mission Statement
Initially, the company’s mission statement was “to accelerate
the world’s transition to sustainable transport” (Mangram,
2012). However, as of 2016, Tesla Motor’s mission statement
was changed and stated as “to accelerate the world’s transition
to sustainable energy” (Mangram, 2012). This mission statement
shows the shift of the company’s business strategies with an
aim of capitalizing on the existing market opportunities in the
renewable energy. Several features of this mission represent the
changes in the company. These features include:
· Sustainable energy
· Acceleration
· The transitioning of the world
Acceleration, in Tesla’s case refers to the efforts by the
company to push the automotive industry towards embracing the
use of renewable sources of energy to conserve the
23. environment. It also refers to the effort of increasing business
sustainability through the renewable sources of energy. The
transition of the world indicated in the mission statement refers
to the attempts of the company to ensure that the society
embraces the use of electric cars. It also represents a shift from
the use of petroleum-powered cars to those using electricity.
Lastly, the sustainable energy aspect of the mission puts into
consideration the business strategies used by Tesla Motors to
achieve the use of sustainable energy all over the world.
Corporate Objectives of Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors’ corporate objectives are based on its goals of
ensuring the Transition of the world to the use of the
sustainable sources of energy. Additionally, it is also focused
on ensuring that the revenues of the company are increased. For
this reason, its corporate goals are divided into three categories.
These categories include
· Primary objectives
· Secondary objectives
· Overarching objectives
1. The primary objectives of Tesla motors in include driving
the dales of its cars up through the generation of demand. It
also aims at increasing awareness concerning the Tesla brand,
and increasing its customer base, thus creating brand loyalty.
2. The secondary objectives include ensuring that the market
share of the company continues to increase and to ensure that
the word understands its goals of sustainable energy.
3. Lastly, there are the overarching objectives, which including
empowering the society, inspiring others, and educating the
world on renewable energy.
4. Tesla’s Competitors
The electric vehicle segment of the automotive industry in the
international market has had several companies operating in it.
As of 2013, the production of passage cars amounted to around
24. 65 million. Out of these vehicles, only 1% of these were electric
vehicles. These vehicles were manufactured by a number of
players in this industry alongside Tesla Motors. The other
companies manufacturing the plug-in electric vehicles are the
competitors of Tesla Motors. These companies include
· Chevrolet
· Nissan
· Toyota
· Ford
· Mitsubishi
· Honda
· Volkswagen
Among Tesla’s competitors. Toyota has been the most
competitive. As of 2013. Toyota Motor Corp was names as the
global leader in the manufacture and sale of the plug-in electric
cars, as well as the hybrids. By 2013, Toyota had manufacture 6
million units of the plugins (Mangram, 2012).
Another company that has proved to be too competitive is
Volkswagen. The company has been researching into the
manufacture of the electric cars while keeping its production
costs lows. In 2013, the company explained that it made efforts
to ensure that it became a market leader in the manufacture of
electric cars in the global market.
5. Recommendation
Improving the Competitive Position
Advertising
Tesla motors should improve its competitive position by
increasing its advertisement all across the globe. One advantage
of advertising is that it increases the knowledge of people about
the company and the products offered thereby increasing the
reputation of the company. Increased advertising means
informing the people about the operations of the firm therefore
making the people interested in purchasing the vehicle.
Advertising is actually the primary tool that businesses use to
create and maintain a competitive position in the market. It is
by appealing to people to make purchases that a company get
25. more customers than the competitors and thus a competitive
position. Moreover, to remain relevant and always on the minds
of potential customers, the company needs to advertise its
products and services in the market.
Positioning
Positioning entails building the reputation of the firm
among the consumers to ensure that the products is perceived
positively among the people and that it can be easily
remembered by people. A better position in the market provides
a firm with a competitive position better than its competitors
since people will always think about the product of the firm in
preference to the competitors. In positioning the company
should conducts campaigns that involve competitions that will
lead to an individual winning a free or subsidized tesla car of a
given model. Such a competition may entail the customers
sending the tesla models they know of after which a draw for a
lucky winner will be conducted. The approach would place the
company at a better position in the market which will result to
increased competitive advantage for the firm.
The company should also sponsor some common events in
the society such as football, athletics, and other forms of sport
that are watched globally or in the specific target market.
Participating in such events will put the firm into the lime light
and attract a wider market which comes with a better
competitive position. The move will also endear the company to
the public and thus attract more customers improving the
Tesla’s competitive position.
Improving the Financial Condition
Tesla should consider issuing unsecured notes to the
renowned organization generate more funds for the firm. Al the
notes are risky, they would offer the firm more returns to help
in adding to its financial pool to use in developing the firm
further. The approach would mean more earning for the firm
which would be used to support the expansion of the firm.
Moreover, the firm should invest in advertising to raise the
revenues of the firm and thus add to the earning of the
26. company. In 2014, the revenues and earnings of the first quarter
declined from the previous quarter impacting negatively on its
financial condition. This should be changed to improve its
financial condition and performance.
References
Mangram, ME 2012, 'The globalization of Tesla Motors: a
strategic marketing plan analysis', Journal Of Strategic
Marketing, 20, 4, pp. 289-312