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Competitive Analysis:
Apple®, Inc.
JEFFREY T GREENE
SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIVERSITY
MKT 225- DIGITAL MARKETING
PROFESSOR DARLA BLAKES
DECEMBER 2023
Agenda
2
The Digital Business
Models Competitive
Analysis
• Compare & Contrast
Business Models
• The Business Problem
• Recommendations
Digital Marketing
Strategy (DMS)
Analysis
•Apple's DMS
•Strengths and
Weaknesses of DMS
•Recommendation
of new or revised
DMS
Apply Principles
and Tools
•Recommendations
of Digital Marketing
Tools
•Benefits of Digital
Marketing Tools
•Implementation
and Evaluation Plan
They Might Be Giants
COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS
3
ECOSYSTEM E-COMMERCE ON-DEMAND
Scalability
often thrive on partnerships and
collaborations within the
ecosystem then leverages
resources and capabilities for
easy scalability.
They aren't limited by physical
store locations so they can scale
rapidly by reaching a global
audience.
easy to scale for fluctuating
demand. Can swiftly modify
resources and capacity to meet
demand without major
investments.
Customer Convenience
one-stop-shop for various
products or services, access
multiple offerings through a
single platform,
provides 24/7 accessibility,
allowing customers to shop at
their convenience
offer customers the
convenience of accessing
products or services exactly
when they need them.
Data-Driven Insights
ecosystems generate a wealth
of data through various partners
and interactions
collect lots of user shopping
data, helping businesses
personalize recommendations,
improve pricing, and target
marketing.
use data analytics to optimize
service delivery and improve
customer satisfaction.
Compare and Contrast Business Models
4
PEOPLE
PRODUCT
(GOODS & SERVICES)
PRICE PROMOTION PLACE
• TARGET MARKET 18-
45,
• FEMALES- 66%
• SINGLE, MARRIED
WITHOUT KIDS, OR
WITH YOUNG
CHILDREN OR TEENS
• MILLENNIALS
FOLLOWED BY GEN
X
• AVERAGE INCOME IS
$53K/YR
• IPHONE
• MAC
• IPAD
• WEARABLES, HOME,
ACCESSORIES
• ADVERTISING
• Apple®CARE
• CLOUD SERVICES
• DIGITAL CONTENT
• PAYMENT SERVICES
• PREMIUM PRICE
POINT
• MIXED PRICING
(FREEMIUM AND
PREMIUM PRICE
STRATEGY).
• CHANNELS USED:
• PRINT & DIGITAL ADS
• WORD OF MOUTH
ADVERTISING
• PRODUCT
PLACEMENT
• SOCIAL MEDIA
• EMAIL MARKETING
• Apple® STORE
LOCATIONS
• COMPANY WEBSITE
• AUTHORIZED
RESELLERS
• CELL PHONE
COMPANIES
Competitive Analysis
• ECOSYSTEM • ON-DEMAND • E-COMMERCE • AFFILIATE
Competitive Analysis
Compare and Contrast Business Models
5
• Dc
PEOPLE
PRODUCT
(GOODS & SERVICES)
PRICE PROMOTION PLACE
• DOESN’T HAVE ONE
DUE TO ITS HISTORY
AND WHY IT WAS
CONCEIVED
1. WEB-BASED
PRODUCTS
2. OPERATING
SYSTEMS
3. DESKTOP APPS
4. MOBILE APPS
5. HARDWARE
PRODUCTS
6. SERVICES
• FREEMIUM PRICING
• MARKET-ORIENTED
PRICING
• PENETRATION
PRICING
• VALUE-BASED
PRICING
CHANNELS: PRINT &
DIGITAL ADVERTS,
WORD OF MOUTH
ADVERTISING,
EMAIL MARKETING,
NAME/ PRODUCT
PLACEMENT
• GOOGLE STORE
• COMPANY WEBSITE
• AUTHORIZED
RETAILERS
• CELL PHONE
COMPANIES
• FREEMIUM • ECOSYSTEM
• SUBSCRIPTION • HIDDEN REVENUE
• AD SUPPORTED • ON-DEMAND
Competitive Analysis
Compare and Contrast Business Models
6
PEOPLE
PRODUCT
(GOODS & SERVICES)
PRICE PROMOTION PLACE
• TARGET MARKET 18-45
• MEN AND WOMEN,
MARRIED WITHOUT KIDS,
OR WITH KIDS, OR
SINGLE
• FOLLOW LATEST
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
ESPECIALLY IN DIGITAL
MEDIA
• AVERAGE INCOME 25 K
1. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
2. IT & MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
3. DEVICE SOLUTIONS
• SKIMMING PRICING
• COMPETITIVE PRICING
CHANNELS USED:
• PRINT & DIGITAL ADS
• WORD OF MOUTH
ADVERTISING
• SOCIAL MEDIA
• EMAIL MARKETING
• SAMSUNG EXPERIENCE
STORES
• COMPANY WEBSITE
• CHANNEL MARKETING
(SALES & SERVICE
LEADERS, MODERN RETAIL
& DISTRIBUTORS)
• E-COMMERCE • ECOSYSTEM • ON-DEMAND
Competitive Business Models
Business Problem Identification
7
PROBLEM STATEMENT
With its ongoing dominance in the consumer electronics industry, Apple® is aware its
primary source of revenue will eventually diminish due to a decline in customer base
and a lack of innovative product. To guarantee the company's long-term success, a shift
in priorities is essential, requiring a strategic adjustment. Securing additional resources is
vital to achieve vertical integration, enabling an increased budget for marketing and
advertising efforts aimed at capturing new customers from previously untapped
demographics.
VERTICAL
INTEGRATION
CONTROLS
ENTIRE
PROCESS
HIGHER
QUALITY
PRODUCTS
SAVES $$
ON FIXED
COSTS
Competitive Business Analysis
Business Model Recommendation
SUBSCRIPTION
BASED MODEL
HELPS
COMBAT
SATURATION
ATTRACTS
NEW
CUSTOMER
OFFERS
MORE
FLEXABILITY
INCREASE SPEND
ON CAMPAIGNS
NEW TARGET
AUDIENCE=
INCREASE IN
REVENUE
PERSONALIZE,
PERSONALIZE,
PERSONALIZE
INCREASE
SOCIAL MEDIA
PRESENSE
9
Competitive Business Analysis
Business Model Recommendation cont’d.
APPLE’S MARKETING MIX BEFORE AND AFTER
BEFORE NEW STRATEGY
PRODUCT
iPhones
Macbooks,
Apple Watches
MACs
Airpods
PRICING STRATEGY
Freemium
Premium
Skimming
PROMOTION
Print
Radio
TV
Social Media
E-mail
PLACEMENT
Retail Stores
Authorized
Retailers
Wholesalers
AFTER STRATEGY IMPLEMENTED
PRODUCT
ALL THINGS
APPLE
PRICING STRATEGY
Subscription
-a tiered monthly
charge based on #
of devices used
PROMOTION
TV
Print
Social Media
Email
App Store
PLACEMENT
Retail Stores
Authorized
Retailers
Wholesale
Cell Phone
Companies
10
DMS in the “brick-and click”
(strengths and weaknesses)
Customer
wait time
increases
Customer
Satisfaction
Decreases
Lengthy
onboarding
affects
delivery
times
Provides
different
options and
can increase
customer base
Customer
satisfaction
increases
because of 2
channels
More options
for buying and
delivering
under this
model
Competitive Business Analysis
Digital Marketing Strategy Analysis
APPLE®, INC.
11
1976-1977 1977-1998 1998-2001 2001-20007 2007-2017 2017-Present
• Print ads use the same style as their commercials
and focus on one key feature of their product.
• Again, simplicity and consistency prove to be highly
effective for Apple®.
• Apple® admits they rely on product placement.
• The approaches' strengths in relation to the two
specific demographics are that Apple's digital
marketing strategies are simple.
• One notable area for improvement of these
approaches is that they need to show future
solutions to the problems of the products not being
customized for the younger clients or developing
products that the mid-lower class can afford.
12
Competitive Business Analysis
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS
T
H
E
N
N
O
W
13
Competitive Business Analysis
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS (cont’d)
Digital Marketing Proposed Solutions
14
Will mitigate and
prevent core
market saturation
Cultivate
customer
loyalty
Produce a
predictable
revenue
stream
Using more
social media |
Influencers are
your ticket
Use Data
Analytics to
learn about
Generation
Z.
Attract and
Retain a
new target
audience
Will mitigate and
prevent core
market saturation
Cultivate
customer
loyalty
Increase
brand
loyalty &
brand
awareness
GOALS ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE
Digital Marketing Analysis
SEMRUSH
1.Keyword Research:
• Identifies valuable keywords with data on search volume and
difficulty.
2.Competitor Analysis:
• Analyzes competitors' keyword strategies and identifies gaps.
3.Site Audit:
• Detects SEO issues like broken links and crawl errors.
4.Backlink Analysis:
• Examines and builds a website's backlink profile.
5.Content Optimization:
• Offers suggestions to create SEO-friendly content.
6.Tracking Rankings:
• Monitors keyword rankings to measure SEO effectiveness.
7.Local SEO:
• Provides tools for optimizing local search visibility.
MOZ PRO
1.Keyword Research:
Provides insights on search volume, difficulty, and keyword
opportunities.
2.Site Audits:
Identifies and helps resolve SEO issues like broken links and crawl
errors.
3.Backlink Analysis:
Analyzes and aids in improving backlink strategies.
4.Rank Tracking:
Tracks keyword rankings to assess SEO effectiveness.
5.Page Optimization:
Offers recommendations for improving individual page SEO.
6.Competitive Analysis:
Gives insights into competitors' SEO strategies for benchmarking and
opportunity identification.
References
17
Adobe Communications Team. (2023). Marketing campaigns and their benefits. Adobe.com.
https://business.adobe.com/blog/basics/what-is-a-marketing-campaign
Apple. (2023). Apple. https://www.apple.com/
Dietz, M., Khan, H., & Rab, I. (2020, August 7). How do companies create value from digital ecosystems? McKinsey &
Company; McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/how-
do-companies-create-value-from-digital-ecosystems
Difford, G. (2023, October 20). WakingGiants. WakingGiants. https://www.waking-giants.com/leadership-strategy-
articles/apple-inc-sustaining-a-competitiveadvantage#:~:text=Ecosystem%20Lock%2DIn%3A%20Apple%20has
customers%20to%20switch%20to%20competitors.
References
Dudovskiy, J. (2023, June 30). Apple Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning - Research-Methodology.
Https://Research-Methodology.net/Apple-Segmentation-Targeting-And-Positioning/; Research-
Methodology. https://research-methodology.net/apple-segmentation-targeting-and-positioning/
Indeed Editorial Team (Ed.). (2022). 8 Possible CEO KPIs to Measure CEO and Business Performance | Indeed.com.
Indeed.com. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/ceo-kpi
Kriss, R., & Murphy, R. (2021, April 13). Business Models: Types, Examples and How to Design One. NerdWallet.
https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/small-business/what-is-a-business-
model#:~:text=Types%20of%20business%20models%20and%20examples%201%201.,...%208%208.%20Fr
anchise%20model%20...%20More%20items
Lauron, S. (2023, July 17). 20 Top Social Media Tools To Make Your Life Easier in 2023. Social Media Marketing &
Management Dashboard. https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-tools/
Molenaar, K. (2021, November 18). 29 Statistics on Gen Z Spending Habits You Should Know in 2023. Influencer
Marketing Hub. https://influencermarketinghub.com/gen-z-spending-habits-stats/
Orendorff, A. (2021, February 10). 50 Best Social Media Tools. Content Marketing Institute.
https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/articles/best-social-media-tools-top-marketers/ 18
References
Patel, N. (2021, April 12). 7 Key Strategies That You Must Learn From Apple’s Marketing. Neil Patel.
https://neilpatel.com/blog/7-key-strategies-that-you-must-learn-from-apples-marketing/
Raynor, L. (2022, November 9). Council Post: Gen Z And The Future Of Spend: What We Know About This
Generation, The Pandemic And How They Pay. Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/01/21/gen-z-and-the-future-of-spend-what-we-
know-about-this-generation-the-pandemic-and-how-they-pay/?sh=41da068021eb
Rogers, J. (2021). DIGITAL MARKETING LANDSCAPE : creating a synergistic consumer experience. (First). Business
Expert Press. (Original work published 2021)
Segura(Ward), A. (2022, October 20). The 19 Best Social Media Management Tools. Search Engine Journal.
https://www.searchenginejournal.com/social-media/top-tools/
The Economist. (2023, January 16). How the young spend their money. The Economist; The Economist.
https://www.economist.com/business/2023/01/16/how-the-young-spend-their-money
Top 10 Digital Business Models for Online Companies [Examples]. (2021). DevriX; DevriX.
https://devrix.com/tutorial/top-10-digital-business-models-online-companies-examples
19

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Competitive Analysis of Apple

  • 1. Competitive Analysis: Apple®, Inc. JEFFREY T GREENE SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIVERSITY MKT 225- DIGITAL MARKETING PROFESSOR DARLA BLAKES DECEMBER 2023
  • 2. Agenda 2 The Digital Business Models Competitive Analysis • Compare & Contrast Business Models • The Business Problem • Recommendations Digital Marketing Strategy (DMS) Analysis •Apple's DMS •Strengths and Weaknesses of DMS •Recommendation of new or revised DMS Apply Principles and Tools •Recommendations of Digital Marketing Tools •Benefits of Digital Marketing Tools •Implementation and Evaluation Plan
  • 3. They Might Be Giants COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS 3 ECOSYSTEM E-COMMERCE ON-DEMAND Scalability often thrive on partnerships and collaborations within the ecosystem then leverages resources and capabilities for easy scalability. They aren't limited by physical store locations so they can scale rapidly by reaching a global audience. easy to scale for fluctuating demand. Can swiftly modify resources and capacity to meet demand without major investments. Customer Convenience one-stop-shop for various products or services, access multiple offerings through a single platform, provides 24/7 accessibility, allowing customers to shop at their convenience offer customers the convenience of accessing products or services exactly when they need them. Data-Driven Insights ecosystems generate a wealth of data through various partners and interactions collect lots of user shopping data, helping businesses personalize recommendations, improve pricing, and target marketing. use data analytics to optimize service delivery and improve customer satisfaction.
  • 4. Compare and Contrast Business Models 4 PEOPLE PRODUCT (GOODS & SERVICES) PRICE PROMOTION PLACE • TARGET MARKET 18- 45, • FEMALES- 66% • SINGLE, MARRIED WITHOUT KIDS, OR WITH YOUNG CHILDREN OR TEENS • MILLENNIALS FOLLOWED BY GEN X • AVERAGE INCOME IS $53K/YR • IPHONE • MAC • IPAD • WEARABLES, HOME, ACCESSORIES • ADVERTISING • Apple®CARE • CLOUD SERVICES • DIGITAL CONTENT • PAYMENT SERVICES • PREMIUM PRICE POINT • MIXED PRICING (FREEMIUM AND PREMIUM PRICE STRATEGY). • CHANNELS USED: • PRINT & DIGITAL ADS • WORD OF MOUTH ADVERTISING • PRODUCT PLACEMENT • SOCIAL MEDIA • EMAIL MARKETING • Apple® STORE LOCATIONS • COMPANY WEBSITE • AUTHORIZED RESELLERS • CELL PHONE COMPANIES Competitive Analysis • ECOSYSTEM • ON-DEMAND • E-COMMERCE • AFFILIATE
  • 5. Competitive Analysis Compare and Contrast Business Models 5 • Dc PEOPLE PRODUCT (GOODS & SERVICES) PRICE PROMOTION PLACE • DOESN’T HAVE ONE DUE TO ITS HISTORY AND WHY IT WAS CONCEIVED 1. WEB-BASED PRODUCTS 2. OPERATING SYSTEMS 3. DESKTOP APPS 4. MOBILE APPS 5. HARDWARE PRODUCTS 6. SERVICES • FREEMIUM PRICING • MARKET-ORIENTED PRICING • PENETRATION PRICING • VALUE-BASED PRICING CHANNELS: PRINT & DIGITAL ADVERTS, WORD OF MOUTH ADVERTISING, EMAIL MARKETING, NAME/ PRODUCT PLACEMENT • GOOGLE STORE • COMPANY WEBSITE • AUTHORIZED RETAILERS • CELL PHONE COMPANIES • FREEMIUM • ECOSYSTEM • SUBSCRIPTION • HIDDEN REVENUE • AD SUPPORTED • ON-DEMAND
  • 6. Competitive Analysis Compare and Contrast Business Models 6 PEOPLE PRODUCT (GOODS & SERVICES) PRICE PROMOTION PLACE • TARGET MARKET 18-45 • MEN AND WOMEN, MARRIED WITHOUT KIDS, OR WITH KIDS, OR SINGLE • FOLLOW LATEST TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ESPECIALLY IN DIGITAL MEDIA • AVERAGE INCOME 25 K 1. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 2. IT & MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 3. DEVICE SOLUTIONS • SKIMMING PRICING • COMPETITIVE PRICING CHANNELS USED: • PRINT & DIGITAL ADS • WORD OF MOUTH ADVERTISING • SOCIAL MEDIA • EMAIL MARKETING • SAMSUNG EXPERIENCE STORES • COMPANY WEBSITE • CHANNEL MARKETING (SALES & SERVICE LEADERS, MODERN RETAIL & DISTRIBUTORS) • E-COMMERCE • ECOSYSTEM • ON-DEMAND
  • 7. Competitive Business Models Business Problem Identification 7 PROBLEM STATEMENT With its ongoing dominance in the consumer electronics industry, Apple® is aware its primary source of revenue will eventually diminish due to a decline in customer base and a lack of innovative product. To guarantee the company's long-term success, a shift in priorities is essential, requiring a strategic adjustment. Securing additional resources is vital to achieve vertical integration, enabling an increased budget for marketing and advertising efforts aimed at capturing new customers from previously untapped demographics.
  • 8. VERTICAL INTEGRATION CONTROLS ENTIRE PROCESS HIGHER QUALITY PRODUCTS SAVES $$ ON FIXED COSTS Competitive Business Analysis Business Model Recommendation SUBSCRIPTION BASED MODEL HELPS COMBAT SATURATION ATTRACTS NEW CUSTOMER OFFERS MORE FLEXABILITY INCREASE SPEND ON CAMPAIGNS NEW TARGET AUDIENCE= INCREASE IN REVENUE PERSONALIZE, PERSONALIZE, PERSONALIZE INCREASE SOCIAL MEDIA PRESENSE
  • 9. 9 Competitive Business Analysis Business Model Recommendation cont’d. APPLE’S MARKETING MIX BEFORE AND AFTER BEFORE NEW STRATEGY PRODUCT iPhones Macbooks, Apple Watches MACs Airpods PRICING STRATEGY Freemium Premium Skimming PROMOTION Print Radio TV Social Media E-mail PLACEMENT Retail Stores Authorized Retailers Wholesalers AFTER STRATEGY IMPLEMENTED PRODUCT ALL THINGS APPLE PRICING STRATEGY Subscription -a tiered monthly charge based on # of devices used PROMOTION TV Print Social Media Email App Store PLACEMENT Retail Stores Authorized Retailers Wholesale Cell Phone Companies
  • 10. 10 DMS in the “brick-and click” (strengths and weaknesses) Customer wait time increases Customer Satisfaction Decreases Lengthy onboarding affects delivery times Provides different options and can increase customer base Customer satisfaction increases because of 2 channels More options for buying and delivering under this model Competitive Business Analysis
  • 11. Digital Marketing Strategy Analysis APPLE®, INC. 11 1976-1977 1977-1998 1998-2001 2001-20007 2007-2017 2017-Present
  • 12. • Print ads use the same style as their commercials and focus on one key feature of their product. • Again, simplicity and consistency prove to be highly effective for Apple®. • Apple® admits they rely on product placement. • The approaches' strengths in relation to the two specific demographics are that Apple's digital marketing strategies are simple. • One notable area for improvement of these approaches is that they need to show future solutions to the problems of the products not being customized for the younger clients or developing products that the mid-lower class can afford. 12 Competitive Business Analysis DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS T H E N N O W
  • 13. 13 Competitive Business Analysis DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS (cont’d)
  • 14. Digital Marketing Proposed Solutions 14 Will mitigate and prevent core market saturation Cultivate customer loyalty Produce a predictable revenue stream Using more social media | Influencers are your ticket Use Data Analytics to learn about Generation Z. Attract and Retain a new target audience Will mitigate and prevent core market saturation Cultivate customer loyalty Increase brand loyalty & brand awareness GOALS ACTIONS TO ACHIEVE Digital Marketing Analysis
  • 15.
  • 16. SEMRUSH 1.Keyword Research: • Identifies valuable keywords with data on search volume and difficulty. 2.Competitor Analysis: • Analyzes competitors' keyword strategies and identifies gaps. 3.Site Audit: • Detects SEO issues like broken links and crawl errors. 4.Backlink Analysis: • Examines and builds a website's backlink profile. 5.Content Optimization: • Offers suggestions to create SEO-friendly content. 6.Tracking Rankings: • Monitors keyword rankings to measure SEO effectiveness. 7.Local SEO: • Provides tools for optimizing local search visibility. MOZ PRO 1.Keyword Research: Provides insights on search volume, difficulty, and keyword opportunities. 2.Site Audits: Identifies and helps resolve SEO issues like broken links and crawl errors. 3.Backlink Analysis: Analyzes and aids in improving backlink strategies. 4.Rank Tracking: Tracks keyword rankings to assess SEO effectiveness. 5.Page Optimization: Offers recommendations for improving individual page SEO. 6.Competitive Analysis: Gives insights into competitors' SEO strategies for benchmarking and opportunity identification.
  • 17. References 17 Adobe Communications Team. (2023). Marketing campaigns and their benefits. Adobe.com. https://business.adobe.com/blog/basics/what-is-a-marketing-campaign Apple. (2023). Apple. https://www.apple.com/ Dietz, M., Khan, H., & Rab, I. (2020, August 7). How do companies create value from digital ecosystems? McKinsey & Company; McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/how- do-companies-create-value-from-digital-ecosystems Difford, G. (2023, October 20). WakingGiants. WakingGiants. https://www.waking-giants.com/leadership-strategy- articles/apple-inc-sustaining-a-competitiveadvantage#:~:text=Ecosystem%20Lock%2DIn%3A%20Apple%20has customers%20to%20switch%20to%20competitors.
  • 18. References Dudovskiy, J. (2023, June 30). Apple Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning - Research-Methodology. Https://Research-Methodology.net/Apple-Segmentation-Targeting-And-Positioning/; Research- Methodology. https://research-methodology.net/apple-segmentation-targeting-and-positioning/ Indeed Editorial Team (Ed.). (2022). 8 Possible CEO KPIs to Measure CEO and Business Performance | Indeed.com. Indeed.com. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/ceo-kpi Kriss, R., & Murphy, R. (2021, April 13). Business Models: Types, Examples and How to Design One. NerdWallet. https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/small-business/what-is-a-business- model#:~:text=Types%20of%20business%20models%20and%20examples%201%201.,...%208%208.%20Fr anchise%20model%20...%20More%20items Lauron, S. (2023, July 17). 20 Top Social Media Tools To Make Your Life Easier in 2023. Social Media Marketing & Management Dashboard. https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-tools/ Molenaar, K. (2021, November 18). 29 Statistics on Gen Z Spending Habits You Should Know in 2023. Influencer Marketing Hub. https://influencermarketinghub.com/gen-z-spending-habits-stats/ Orendorff, A. (2021, February 10). 50 Best Social Media Tools. Content Marketing Institute. https://contentmarketinginstitute.com/articles/best-social-media-tools-top-marketers/ 18
  • 19. References Patel, N. (2021, April 12). 7 Key Strategies That You Must Learn From Apple’s Marketing. Neil Patel. https://neilpatel.com/blog/7-key-strategies-that-you-must-learn-from-apples-marketing/ Raynor, L. (2022, November 9). Council Post: Gen Z And The Future Of Spend: What We Know About This Generation, The Pandemic And How They Pay. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/01/21/gen-z-and-the-future-of-spend-what-we- know-about-this-generation-the-pandemic-and-how-they-pay/?sh=41da068021eb Rogers, J. (2021). DIGITAL MARKETING LANDSCAPE : creating a synergistic consumer experience. (First). Business Expert Press. (Original work published 2021) Segura(Ward), A. (2022, October 20). The 19 Best Social Media Management Tools. Search Engine Journal. https://www.searchenginejournal.com/social-media/top-tools/ The Economist. (2023, January 16). How the young spend their money. The Economist; The Economist. https://www.economist.com/business/2023/01/16/how-the-young-spend-their-money Top 10 Digital Business Models for Online Companies [Examples]. (2021). DevriX; DevriX. https://devrix.com/tutorial/top-10-digital-business-models-online-companies-examples 19