Comparison among DNA & RNA & Difference between High density lipoproteins and Low density lipoprotein

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Comparison among DNA & RNA &
Difference between High density
lipoproteins and Low density
lipoprotein

2. Comparison among DNA & RNA
Similarities
1)Both are having nucleic acids.
2)Both are made up of nucleotides.
3)Both are having sugar phosphate backbone.
4)Both are found in nucleus.
5)Both are large biological polymers.
6)On both molecules, Guanine and Cytosine pair with each other.
7)Both store genetic information.

3. Dissimilarities
Deoxyribonucleic acid-
DNA
Ribonucleic acid- RNA
Location
DNA is generally located inside the nucleus
or in the mitochondria and chloroplasts.
RNA is concentrated in cytoplasm as well
as nucleus of a cell.
Composition
DNA is composed of
deoxyribonucleiotides.
RNA is composed of ribonucleotides.
Pentose Sugar
Pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. Pentose sugar in RNA is ribose.
Nitrogenous Bases
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine and Guanine. Adenine, Cytosine, Uracil and Guanine.
Polynucleotide Chain
DNA is composed of polynucleotide chains
which are coiled aroundeach other in the
RNA is composed of a single
polynucleotide chain.

4. form of double helicalstructure.
Amount
Amount of DNA is fixed for particular
specie, as it dependson the number of
chromosomes.
Amount of RNA varies from cell to cell in
the same organism.
Propagation
DNA is self-replicating. RNA is synthesized from DNA on as-needed
basis.
Base Pairing
Two hydrogen bonds from between
Adenine and Thymine, while three
hydrogen bonds form between Cytosine
and Guanine.
Two hydrogen bonds from between
Adenine and Uracil, while three hydrogen
bondsform between Cytosine and
Guanine.
Coiling
DNA shows regular helicalcoiling. There is no regular coiling except in parts
of RNA.
Stability
DNA is a stable because it could resists RNA is unstable because it can be easily

5. alkali action due to the absence of OH
group at 2’ position.
destroyed by alkalies to cyclic diesters of
mono nucleotides.
Inheritance
DNA will be given to the daughtercells
when a cell divides.
RNA does not inherit.
Visualization
DNA can be analyzed by southern blotting. RNA can be visualizedby northern
blotting.
Histone Protein
DNA folds tightly with histone proteinsand
arranges into chromosomes.
RNA is not associated with histone protein.
Function
In general, DNA is the genetic material of
most livingorganisms. DNA forms
chromosomes of similarstructure.
RNA helpsto get the message from DNA
and in protein synthesis. rRNA forms
ribosomes.
Long-term storage of genetic information.
Transmission of genetic informationto
make other cells and new organisms.
Used to transfer the genetic code from
nucleusto the ribosomes to make proteins.
RNA is used to transmit genetic
informationin some organisms and may

6. have been the molecule used to store
genetic blueprintsin primitive organisms.
Ultraviolet Damage
DNA is susceptible to UV damage. RNA is relatively resistant to UV damage.
Types
DNA is alwaysof one type and performs
the function of storage and transfer of
genetic information.
There are various types of RNA- mRNA,
rRNA, tRNA, SiRNA, SnRNA, miRNA and
hnRNA. These RNAs perform different and
specific functions.

9. Difference between High Density
Lipoproteins and Low Density
Lipoproteins
High Density Lipoprotein-
HDL
Low Density Lipoprotein-
LDL
Type Of Cholesterol
Also termed as Good cholesterol. Also termed as Bad cholesterol.
Functions
It helpsto remove cholesterol from artery
walls and transports it to liver to be
expelled from your body.
It takes cholesterol to arteries, where it
may lead to a buildupof plaque.
Effects

10. High level of HDL lowers the risk of heart
attack.
High level of LDL, leadsto
hypercholesterolemia,atherosclerosis,
heart related diseases, stroke and at last
death of a person.
Normal Range
HDL level of 60 milligrams per deciliter
(mg/dL) of blood or higher. HDL that falls
within the range of 40 to 59 mg/dL is
normal, but could be higher.
Having HDL under 40 mg/dL increases your
risk of developingheart disease.
The normal low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol range is 50 to 70 mg/dl for
native hunter-gatherers, healthy human
neonates, free-living primates, and other
wild mammals (all of whom do not develop
atherosclerosis).
Healthy Diet
A healthy diet increases HDL cholesterol
level.
A healthy diet lowers LDL cholesterol level.