Comparative analysis of development between Pakistan and Bangladesh 2023

1. Comparative Economic Development:
Pakistan
and Bangladesh
Presented by :
Tayyaba Nawaz

2. Pre-history
 Bangladesh and Pakistan were
once the same country.
 Divided as East Pakistan
(Bangladesh) and West
Pakistan (Pakistan.) Focus of
government activity was in
West Pakistan.
 Both countries were once part
of the British colony
 Bangladesh got independence
in 1971

3. Measure Bangladesh Pakistan
Year of independence 1971 1947
Main Language spoken Bengali Urdu
Land Size Area: 147,570 sq. km (3/4
of SD)
Area: 803,940 sq. km
(roughly 4X of SD
Population 169.4Million (2021)
66.31 Million (1970)
231.4 Million (2021)
59.21 Million (1970)
Main Economic Activity Agriculture ( Main crop
rice, potato)
Agriculture ( Main crop
wheat)
Comparison Bangladesh Vs Pakistan

4. Measure Bangladesh Pakistan
GNI per capita, Atlas
Method (current
US$)
$290 (1990)
$2570 (2021)
$410 (1990)
$1470 (2021)
Life Expectancy
(years)
60 (1990)
72 (2021)
61 (1990)
67 (2021)
HDI (2021) 0.661 (129nd) 0.544 (161th)
Gini (2010) 32.1 (7) 30.0 (11)
Hdi Index (2.15 per
day)
0.661(129th) 0.544(154th)
Comparison

5. Measure Bangladesh Pakistan
Urban Population (%) 3.19% (2021) 2.6 %(2013)
Median of Age 27.6 (2021) 22.8 (2021)
Primary Completion rate, total (% of
relevant age group)
78% (2021) 73% (2021)
School Enrollment, Primary, (% gross), 116 % (2021) 96% (2021)
School Enrollment, secondary, (%
gross),
76% (2012) 45% (2021)
Comparison

6. Measure Bangladesh Pakistan
Ratio of girls to boys primary
and secondary education (%)
110% (2021) 82% (2021)
Total adult literacy rate 74.66% (2021) 58.5% (2021)
CO2 emissions (metric tons
per capita)
0.55 matric tons(2019) 0.85 matric tons (2019)
GDP (current US$) Billion $460.36 Billion (2021) $248.26( Billion (2021)
GDP growth 6.9 % (2021) 6.5% (2021)
Comparison

7. Measure Bangladesh Pakistan
Inflation, GDP deflator
(annual%)
7.0% (2021) 10.2% (2021)
Literacy rate, youth female
(% of females ages 15-24)
95.862021 65.12021
Gross savings (% of GDP) 39.92012 3.8 % (2021)
Access to improved
sanitation facilities, %urban
population
64% 2021 71.8 %2021
Access to improved
sanitation facilities, %rural
population
57.8% 2021 40% 2012
Comparison

8. Economic Overview
Bangladesh
Moderate Natural resources
(natural gas, oil, coal, hard rock,
limestone, white clay, glass sand
and mineral sand)
 Export (main export item
readymade garment)
Low literacy rate (61.49%)182
ranking
Suffer from high inflation, debt,
budget deficit, over population,
corruption,
Pakistan
 Few natural resources (gypsum,
limestone, chromite's, iron ore,
rock salt, silver, precious stones,
gems, marbles, tiles, sulfur, fire
clay, and silica sand)
Agricultural food export
 Low literacy rate (56.44 %) 188
ranking
 Suffer from high inflation, debt,
budget deficit, political
instability, over population,
corruption

9.  Bangladesh & Pakistan once was a part of the sub- continent British India
(`India, Current- Bangladesh and Pakistan), was ruled by the British for 250
years
 The British East India company gained control of Bengal 1757
 Bangladesh was regarded as one of the richest colonies of British Empire. It
was rich with natural resources, fertile land and temperate weather
 British government collected revenue by exploiting farmers’ rights in the
name of land rent
 British cut the thumb of people who use to know how to sow a famous
cotton fabric cloth named “Muslin” so that the country cannot produce it
anymore
 High mortality rate due to malaria, tuberculosis, and many other climatic
reasons made the British colony to avoid long term settlement.
Colonial Experience

10. Foreign Aid situation
 Excess foreign aid dependency
is harmful for the economy
 Each country has received
great amount of foreign aid as
a result they are paying high
interest for the foreign aid
 Future generation could be
hampered by interest rate
burden
 In recent time Pakistan
economy is highly dependent
on foreign aid compared to
Bangladesh.
0
1E+09
2E+09
3E+09
4E+09
5E+09
6E+09
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Net official development assistance
and official aid received (current US$)
Pakistan Bangladesh

11. Foreign Direct Investment situations
 Bangladesh economy maintain
a consistent rate of FDI
 After 2007 Pakistan FDI inflow
% of GDP decreasing drastically
 Recently foreign investors are
reluctant to invest Pakistan
 It is indicates Bangladesh
economy is comparatively
better than Pakistan
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (%
of GDP)
Pakistan Bangladesh

12. Foreign Exchange/currency Reserve Situations
 Bangladesh Foreign reserve is
increasing consistently (there
is a good contribution of
Remittance)
 But Pakistan Foreign reserve
has no upward trend,
 There is a dramatic fall of
foreign reserve after 2011 in
Pakistan
 BD economy is comparatively
better than Pakistan
0
5E+09
1E+10
1.5E+10
2E+10
2.5E+10
3E+10
3.5E+10
4E+10
4.5E+10
5E+10
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total reserves minus gold (current US$)
Pakistan Bangladesh

13. 0
1E+10
2E+10
3E+10
4E+10
5E+10
6E+10
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Exports of goods and services (BoP,
current US$)
Pakistan Bangladesh
Net trade balance & Export situations
0
1E+09
2E+09
3E+09
4E+09
5E+09
6E+09
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$)
Pakistan Bangladesh

14. GDP Growth rate trend between the countries
 Bangladesh Growth rate was
most of the time higher
compared to Pakistan since
1990.
 Average GDP growth rate was
around 5% where Pakistan
growth rate was around 4%
 It can be said that Bangladesh
economy is growing faster than
Pakistan.
 Political instability and Islamist
terrorist activities hampered the
Pakistan economic growth
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
GDP growth (annual %)
Pakistan Bangladesh

15. Poverty Reduction strategy
Bangladesh
 Microfinance is a strategy to Grameen
 Dr. Youns Social Business Policy
 Naila Kabeer work (Woman
empowermwnt)
 NGO’s ( Non Govt. Organizations)
Contributions, NGOs have the direct
access to the community people.
 Bangladesh is working through Govt.-
NGO Partnership
 Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
(PRSP)
Pakistan
 Millennium Development Goal
 Poverty reduction strategy Paper (PRSP)
 NGO

16. Goal Achievement
Goal, 1: Eradicate
Extreme Poverty
and Hunger
 Poverty gap ratio, Target 8 ( 2015), Current 6.54
(2010)
 Proportion of population below national upper
poverty line (2122 k.cal.), percent, target 29
(2015), Current, 40 (2005)
Goal-2: Achieve
Universal Primary
Education (2013)
 Net enrolment ratio in primary education (% both
sexes) 114
 adult literacy 58.5 percent in 2013
Goal-3: Promote
Gender Equality and
Empower Women
(2013)
 Gender parity Index in primary level enrolment
(ratio of female to male): 106.29
 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (% both sexes):
79.94
 Seats held by women in national parliament (%):
14.8
Goal 4: Reduce child
mortality (2013)
 Mortality rate of children under 5 years old (per
1,000 live births): 41.1
 12-23 months-old children immunized against
measles (%):91
Millennium Development Goal Achievement By Bangladesh

17. Goal Achievement
Goal, 1: Eradicate Extreme
Poverty and Hunger
 Proportion of population below the calorie based food
plus non- food poverty line
 Target 13
 Achieved 12.4 (on track)
Goal-2: Achieve Universal
Primary Education (2013)
 Net enrolment ratio in primary education (% both sexes)
92
 adult literacy 59 percent in 2013
Goal-3: Promote Gender
Equality and Empower
Women (2013)
 Gender parity Index in primary level enrolment (ratio of
female to male): 87.07
 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old (% both sexes): 70.76
 Seats held by women in national parliament (%): 22 (
target achieved)
Goal 4: Reduce child
mortality (2013)
 Mortality rate of children under 5 years old (per 1,000 live
births): 85.5
 12-23 months-old children immunized against measles
(%):61
Millennium Development Goal Achievement By Pakistan

18. Goal Achievements
Goal 5:Improve maternal health
(2013)
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 births): 170
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS and
other diseases
 People living with HIV,15-49 yrs. old (1%) (2021)
 Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people):
310 (2021)
Goal-7: Ensure Environmental
Sustainability
 Land area covered by forest (%):6.7
 Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (metric tons):
0.9 (2021)
 Access to improved drinking water sources (% of
total population): 91.4
 Sanitation 47.4 (2021)
Goal 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
Internet users (per 100 people): 10.9% (2021)
Millennium Development Goal Achievement By Pakistan:
Cont

19.  Pakistan’s military has always played a major role in
politics.
 Bangladesh’s military was prominent in government
for roughly two decades after independence.
Withdrawal in the 1990s is a major factor in growth.
 Corruption is prevalent in both governments, and a
lack of transparency is common.
Additional Development Info.

20.  Although Pakistan and Bangladesh have made
significant progress, much more must be done.
 Incomes are very low, and poverty is a significant
problem.
 Health is improving greatly, but child malnutrition and
mortality rate is problematic.
 Gender equality has created differences in
educational situations between the two countries.
Conclusion

21. Thank you!