This document provides information about a community recipe book project involving elders from the Mien ethnic group in Laos and local youth in Oakland, California. The program brought these groups together at Peralta Hacienda Historical Park to grow, harvest, cook and share foods, stories and traditions through seasonal outdoor activities and banquets. The document profiles several Mien elder participants, shares some of their oral histories and family recipes, and discusses traditional Mien farming techniques. It also acknowledges funders who supported the program.
The Native Plant Garden at Peralta Hacienda Historical Park in Oakland honors the relationship between the Ohlone people and the natural world of the East Bay. The garden contains plants that were important to the Ohlone and aims to inspire respect for the land. Five sculptures in the garden explore interactions between cultures and the transformations of the land over time. The garden was completed in 2007 with input from Ohlone consultants.
María Colós and José Guzmán preserved the Ohlone language of the Oakland area by sharing their knowledge with linguists in the early 20th century. Colós' mother was likely kidnapped from her home as a child and brought to work on a rancho. Colós learned the Ohlone language from her stepfather and grandparents. Guzmán's grandparents came from a village in the Sacramento Delta but were baptized at Mission San José, where they and their family helped with work and were subject to the mission's discipline practices. Both Colós and Guzmán lived later in life at the Alisal ranchería near Pleasanton.
Este documento presenta una tabla de evaluación para informes orales en el Departamento de Español del Colegio Nuestra Señora de Lourdes. La tabla describe criterios como el contenido creativo, el informe oral, la dicción, la postura y la seguridad, e incluye niveles de desempeño de 0-2, 3-5, 6-8 y 9-10 puntos. El objetivo es evaluar el desempeño de los estudiantes en la presentación de informes orales según su uso de recursos, dominio del tema y habilidades
The document discusses the Peralta family tree and provides context and stories about some of Luis Peralta's descendants. It notes that revolutionary leader Che Guevara was a great-great-great-grandson of Luis Peralta. It also shares stories and histories of some of Luis Peralta's daughters and discusses the lack of information typically available about Californio women. Additionally, it addresses whether Ramon Peralta, the son of Domingo Peralta, could be considered a "bandido."
Este documento enumera 388 platos típicos peruanos de los 500 que componen la gastronomía peruana. Incluye una amplia variedad de sopas, causas, ceviches, platos de carne y pescado, así como salsas y ensaladas. La lista muestra la diversidad y riqueza culinaria que caracteriza a la cocina peruana.
Este documento presenta información sobre el departamento de Apurímac en Perú. Brevemente describe su ubicación, superficie y tradiciones como el Yahuar Fiesta. Incluye un mapa, gráficos de población, detalles sobre provincias y distritos, y descripciones de costumbres como el Toropukllay, carnavales y platos típicos de la región.
Este documento habla sobre la isla de Pascua o Rapa Nui, una pequeña isla en el Pacífico conocida por sus paisajes, cultura y tradiciones únicas. Menciona preguntas sobre la ubicación de la isla, sus habitantes, bailes y tradiciones culturales. También describe la isla como un lugar hermoso con paisajes maravillosos y gente acogedora que da la bienvenida a los turistas con música y bailes típicos.
This document discusses various aspects of East African culture including dress, education, art, attitudes, and food. It provides examples of traditional clothing like kangas worn by women and descriptions of common attitudes like "hakuna matata" meaning no worries. The document also shares pictures and descriptions of cultural practices from individuals in Eritrea and Ethiopia including traditional clothing, coffee ceremonies, religious icons, and food like injera and plantains that are highly valued in these cultures. It aims to educate about East African culture through examples of daily life.
The Native Plant Garden at Peralta Hacienda Historical Park in Oakland honors the relationship between the Ohlone people and the natural world of the East Bay. The garden contains plants that were important to the Ohlone and aims to inspire respect for the land. Five sculptures in the garden explore interactions between cultures and the transformations of the land over time. The garden was completed in 2007 with input from Ohlone consultants.
María Colós and José Guzmán preserved the Ohlone language of the Oakland area by sharing their knowledge with linguists in the early 20th century. Colós' mother was likely kidnapped from her home as a child and brought to work on a rancho. Colós learned the Ohlone language from her stepfather and grandparents. Guzmán's grandparents came from a village in the Sacramento Delta but were baptized at Mission San José, where they and their family helped with work and were subject to the mission's discipline practices. Both Colós and Guzmán lived later in life at the Alisal ranchería near Pleasanton.
Este documento presenta una tabla de evaluación para informes orales en el Departamento de Español del Colegio Nuestra Señora de Lourdes. La tabla describe criterios como el contenido creativo, el informe oral, la dicción, la postura y la seguridad, e incluye niveles de desempeño de 0-2, 3-5, 6-8 y 9-10 puntos. El objetivo es evaluar el desempeño de los estudiantes en la presentación de informes orales según su uso de recursos, dominio del tema y habilidades
The document discusses the Peralta family tree and provides context and stories about some of Luis Peralta's descendants. It notes that revolutionary leader Che Guevara was a great-great-great-grandson of Luis Peralta. It also shares stories and histories of some of Luis Peralta's daughters and discusses the lack of information typically available about Californio women. Additionally, it addresses whether Ramon Peralta, the son of Domingo Peralta, could be considered a "bandido."
Este documento enumera 388 platos típicos peruanos de los 500 que componen la gastronomía peruana. Incluye una amplia variedad de sopas, causas, ceviches, platos de carne y pescado, así como salsas y ensaladas. La lista muestra la diversidad y riqueza culinaria que caracteriza a la cocina peruana.
Este documento presenta información sobre el departamento de Apurímac en Perú. Brevemente describe su ubicación, superficie y tradiciones como el Yahuar Fiesta. Incluye un mapa, gráficos de población, detalles sobre provincias y distritos, y descripciones de costumbres como el Toropukllay, carnavales y platos típicos de la región.
Este documento habla sobre la isla de Pascua o Rapa Nui, una pequeña isla en el Pacífico conocida por sus paisajes, cultura y tradiciones únicas. Menciona preguntas sobre la ubicación de la isla, sus habitantes, bailes y tradiciones culturales. También describe la isla como un lugar hermoso con paisajes maravillosos y gente acogedora que da la bienvenida a los turistas con música y bailes típicos.
This document discusses various aspects of East African culture including dress, education, art, attitudes, and food. It provides examples of traditional clothing like kangas worn by women and descriptions of common attitudes like "hakuna matata" meaning no worries. The document also shares pictures and descriptions of cultural practices from individuals in Eritrea and Ethiopia including traditional clothing, coffee ceremonies, religious icons, and food like injera and plantains that are highly valued in these cultures. It aims to educate about East African culture through examples of daily life.
The document summarizes key aspects of Philippine population and demographics. It notes that the Philippines population is over 100 million as of 2014 and ranks as the 12th most populated country. Some key stats included are the infant mortality rate of 17.64 deaths per 1,000 live births, life expectancy of 69.52 years for males and 75.59 years for females, and total fertility rate of 3.06 children born per woman. The birth and death rates and dependency ratios are also provided.
Ferrell Secakuku was a respected Hopi elder, tribal chairman, and lifelong advocate of Hopi culture and traditional knowledge. He recently passed away from cancer. As described in the article, Secakuku made many contributions in his life, including negotiating a land settlement between the Hopi and Navajo tribes, advocating for water rights, and sharing Hopi plant knowledge. He was devoted to passing on Hopi teachings and traditions. The article provides a tribute to Secakuku and his accomplishments.
The document summarizes information about the Plateau tribes of Native Americans, including the Nez Perce and Shoshone. It describes their traditional food sources of salmon, berries, and game. It also discusses typical housing like tepees, clothing styles that differed by gender, and their spiritual traditions which involved harmony with nature. Ceremonial dances and artistic traditions like buffalo hide painting are also outlined.
The Turtle clan is responsible for taking care of people and the environment. The Wolf clan provides leadership and teaches the importance of family bonds. Bears understand healing plants and spend time in the spirit world during hibernation, so the Bear clan acts as medicine keepers. Government policies like residential schools and the Sixties Scoop disrupted Aboriginal families and communities, but many are now reclaiming their languages, cultures, and control over education and child welfare.
The document provides background information on the Gai'wiio' or Code of Handsome Lake, which is a set of teachings and rituals that were received by the prophet Handsome Lake and form the basis of the Longhouse Religion among the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. It describes the multi-day process of reciting the Gai'wiio' teachings, the messages received from the four beings, and some of the key teachings including giving up drinking and witchcraft. It also mentions the Peacemaker, his journey to establish the Haudenosaunee Confederacy through spreading his message of peace, and the creation of the Great Laws and symbols like the Tree of Peace.
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods .docxphilipnelson29183
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods?
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods?
by Deborah Small
November 17, 2016
Purepecha public health worker Abe Sanchez
gathers chia seeds. | Photo: Deborah Small
“The revitalization of tradition is much more
complex than people can imagine. It really is a
process that reaches far into the silenced
knowing. Recovering from intergenerational
historical trauma is something that continues
to seep into the lives of California Indians
today. Growing, nurturing, harvesting, and
preparing native foods not only feed and renew the body—they feed the mind, the soul, the
dreamtime of the people. Most importantly, our practices contribute to the healing of our
common relative, our Mother Earth, and right now, she is sick and unable to attract all the
beauty of the universe to come to her. And if our Mother Earth is sick, so are we, simply
because we are part of her.” —Cindi Alvitre, Tongva educator, Chia Café Collective
The native people I have worked with in southern California for the past 16 years have a
profound spiritual connection to the land through their ancestors and their long history of living
on the land. They pay homage to plants and consider them as their teachers. They’re dedicated
to passing on what they know to others. All stress our interdependence with other species. All
have a fierce devotion to revitalizing their culture as part of the larger cultural revitalization
sweeping California.
Cahuilla/Apache elder Lorene Sisquoc describes a reciprocal relationship with the plants and the
land. “The plants are waiting for us to come take care of them so they can take care of us.
In Temalpakh, Katherine Saubel writes that the Cahuilla word for an oak grove, meki'i'wah,
means ‘the place that waits for me.’ It’s our responsibility to take care of the land, to get out
there and gather, to sing songs, tell stories, do ceremony, share our laughter and our language.
To preserve our oral traditions by passing our knowledge to our kids and grandkids. It’s
important that they start learning very young. Taking care of the plants helps make our families
healthy. We’re working hard to heal our communities by deepening our connection to the land.”
Sisquoc is a founding member of the Chia Café Collective, or CCC, a grassroots group of
southern California tribal members and their allies committed to the revitalization of native
foods, medicines, culture and community. Their work to revitalize native foods honors the vast
traditional knowledge and spiritual relationship to the land, and explores the nutritive and
medicinal bounty the land offers us.
Through workshops, classes, demonstrations, and native foods celebrations, the CCC focus on
ways to re-incorporate native food plants into their daily diets to take back responsibility for
their health and well-being. Their work helps others to reconnect with the land through
ga.
This presentation shows the importance of folklore by looking at five different indigineous cultures. It educates readers on how sustainability and folklore are very much a part of each other.
The Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for over 60,000 years, using basic tools like bowls, baskets, and humpies. There are over 500 Aboriginal language groups in Australia, who also used dance ceremonies to express their beliefs. Aboriginal spirituality involved telling Dreamtime stories to pass beliefs and traditions down through generations, sometimes incorporating body painting with ochre. Traditional Aboriginal family roles divided labor between men hunting and women gathering food.
Jordan Thomas spent the summer of 2013 living in Ecuador working on a sustainable forestry project with the Kichwa people. The project aimed to identify valuable timber species that could be grown on Kichwa land to provide income alternatives to illegal logging and improve ecological conditions. Thomas surveyed community members, researched tree species, and mapped existing land plots to determine which tree species and locations would be best suited for the reforestation efforts. Some key lessons learned included realizing different views on development between generations, understanding contexts around activities like illegal hunting, and the importance of grassroots initiatives over short-term outside interventions.
The document provides information about the Navajo Native American tribe. It discusses their history, including where they originally lived in Northwestern Canada and Alaska over 1,000 years ago before migrating south. It also details where they currently live on the Navajo reservation, which is the largest in the United States. The document describes aspects of Navajo culture such as their traditional hogans, jewelry making, dance, music, instruments, religion, language, food, dress, and childrearing practices.
S Williams 1Running header An Individual’s Culture.docxjeffsrosalyn
S Williams 1
Running header: An Individual’s Culture
Sociology Assignment Paper
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
Sa’Lerial Williams
College of the Mainland
Professor Sabido
Intro to Sociology
July. 26 2019
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
For this sociology assignment paper, I have selected a group of people to whom I met at an event related to their festival. These people are Nepalese, and their culture is totally different from my culture. One of my friends took me to their event with him; a boy named Bhatt was my friend’s friend, who is from Nepal. Bhatt is an Asian male, I just got amazed at the initial introduction I started observing their culture in detail and was mesmerized. I just loved their culture and that’s why my topic of sociology paper is Nepalese culture. I have observed a lot of things in that event because there was a vast range of Nepalese traditional dresses, food, ways of celebration, etc. and later I also researched a lot about their culture. Individuals of Nepal usually greet others with Namaste as a customary salaam, as they did when I was in that event that is widely practiced in most of the nation. This group is approximately 23 million Nepalese who made 69 diverse linguistic and cultural groups, additionally recognized as ethnic associations existing in various parts of the country (Gopal & Verma, 1977). Essentially every ethnic group has their different clothes, vocalize their dialects or languages, and develop their religious traditions. People live under various distinct environmental and geographic familiarizations, from the low fields near the border of India, northward into the central valleys and hills of Mahabharata Mountain, and up to the tremendous manifest lowlands of the Himalayan region.
Languages: In Nepal commonly, there are a couple of significant groups of people located in high Himalayan range Tibetan font (Bhot Burmese or Tibeto-Burman) and low hill to Indo-Aryan (Bharopeli) mid-hill origin societies. Region of Himalayan villages groups who speak Tibetan origin Gurung of Manang, Tibetan Sherpa, Dolpo, Mustang district and Thakali of high plain of Mustang are observed in subalpine to Tran’s regions of Himalayan. The best recognized are the people of Sherpa who have achieved world fame and attention because of their skills of mountaineering. The word “Sherpa,” in English signified as a mountain leader, and Bhatt my friend's friend is from Sherpa, he had extraordinary skills and strength.
Sub-cultures: In the mid-hill frequently located Chepang, Gurung, Sunwar, Rai, Magar, Tamang, and Limbu groups, as well as different Mongoloid groups, exist in these areas. In towns, Kshetri, Punjabi, and Marbadi where different diverse groups are located. The groups of Magar, Gurung, Limbu, Rai, are popular in the world because of Gurkha solder.
Geography: In Terai Plain Lal (Mithila), Yadav, Jha, Singh, Majhi, Rajput, Kshetri, and many more people .
The Plains Indians were skilled farmers and artists who lived in organized tribes, each with their own unique language. The introduction of horses by the Spanish allowed them to more easily hunt buffalo and follow migrating herds. Their most important religious ceremony, the Sun Dance, involved dancing, singing, praying, drumming and visions to show the cyclical nature of life. Women supervised home life, gathered food, and passed down oral traditions, while men protected the village, led hunts and wars, and oversaw spiritual practices.
The document provides information about the Isneg people of Apayao Province in the Philippines. It discusses their traditional practices, beliefs, social structure, and lifestyle. The Isneg are an indigenous group known for their rich culture, including traditions surrounding house building, birth, and marriage. They also have a strong oral tradition of passing down legends and customs to younger generations. While preserving many cultural aspects, some practices like polygyny may need reforming to align with modern values.
This document announces a Kwanzaa celebration being held by the Community Acting Now (CAN) organization in Roselle, New Jersey on December 29th. It provides the founder's message, which discusses the importance of passing on Kwanzaa traditions to youth. The full program for the event is outlined, including performances, readings of the seven Kwanzaa principles, and a feast. Symbols of Kwanzaa like the kinara, muhindi, and mishumaa saba are also explained. The celebration aims to educate youth about their history and culture through Kwanzaa traditions.
Native American concepts and beliefs provide valuable insights. Their culture emphasizes living in harmony with nature, perceiving the Earth as a spiritual presence to be honored. They see themselves as children of the Earth and students of nature. Their worldview values silence, generosity, friendship, and using resources reverently rather than wastefully. Their justice system serves their needs through informal decision making respected by the community. High context communication and storytelling builds trust. Many Native American teachings can address modern issues like stress, environmentalism, and economic issues.
Native Americans lived in different environments across North America and developed distinct ways of life. In the East, they were fishermen and farmers and had early contact with European settlers. On the Great Plains, tribes like the Sioux hunted bison and had conflicts with pioneers in the 1800s. In the Pacific Northwest, coastal tribes relied on fishing and lived in longhouses, and the Inuit in the Arctic adapted to survive the harsh climate through activities like ice fishing. Southwestern tribes built homes and pots from clay and made jewelry. Most tribes shared beliefs about respecting nature, elders, and having a code of ethics to govern their relationships and interactions.
The document summarizes the different indigenous peoples and cultures that inhabited North America prior to European colonization. It describes the five major regions - Eastern Woodlands, Great Plains, Great Basin, Southwest, and Mesoamerica. Within each region several tribes are named and some of their distinguishing cultural traits are outlined, such as housing structures, religious practices, methods of hunting and farming, and crafts. The document suggests examining how Native American culture continues to influence modern society and preparing to discuss the impact of European arrival on indigenous populations.
The document provides information on several indigenous tribes in the Philippines, including their origins, locations, cultures, religions, and traditions. The Mandaya tribe derives its name from words meaning "first" and "upper portion of a river" and are located in eastern Mindanao. They have retained their social and political organizations. The Mansaka tribe gets its name from the word for "farming fields" and are mainly found in Davao provinces. They practice slash and burn farming and have kinship-based social structures. The Tiruray tribe, also called Teduray, lives in mountainous areas of Cotabato and have dispersed settlements organized by families. They believe in deities like Magbabaya and Minaden
A Brief Note On Iowa Beef Packers ( Ibp )Beth Salazar
McCarthyism and the censuring of Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 marked a turning point away from the aggressive anti-communism of the early 1950s and towards a more moderate "Modern Republicanism" under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Paragraph 1:
Senator Joseph McCarthy rose to prominence in the early 1950s through aggressive accusations of communist infiltration of the U.S. government. His actions and accusations became known as "McCarthyism." However, by 1954 his extreme tactics had made him increasingly unpopular. In December 1954, the Senate voted to censure
Chimpanzees are primates that are closely related to humans. They have facial features like flat faces and forward facing eyes. Males weigh around 90-115 pounds and are about 4 feet tall while females weigh 90-100 pounds and are around 3 feet tall. Chimpanzees live in communities led by an alpha male and move through trees by swinging from branches. They are omnivores that eat fruits, plants, insects and meat. Chimpanzees are an endangered species threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
El documento describe la situación de los jornaleros indocumentados en tres aspectos clave. En primer lugar, los jornaleros carecen de derechos básicos y a menudo son humillados o deportados sin previo aviso. En segundo lugar, a pesar de tener grandes habilidades y experiencia, tienen pocas oportunidades de mejorar económicamente debido a su estatus migratorio y la discriminación. Finalmente, la falta de seguridad económica los hace especialmente vulnerables a problemas como la falta de vivienda y la malnutrición.
Este documento presenta una cronología de los eventos históricos que involucran a México y Estados Unidos desde la época precolombina hasta 1964. Resume la ocupación española de México y el suroeste de Estados Unidos, la guerra entre México y Estados Unidos que resultó en la pérdida de territorio mexicano, los programas de trabajadores huéspedes o "braceros" que permitieron la migración temporal de trabajadores mexicanos, y las deportaciones masivas de mexicanos y mexicano-estadounidenses
The document summarizes key aspects of Philippine population and demographics. It notes that the Philippines population is over 100 million as of 2014 and ranks as the 12th most populated country. Some key stats included are the infant mortality rate of 17.64 deaths per 1,000 live births, life expectancy of 69.52 years for males and 75.59 years for females, and total fertility rate of 3.06 children born per woman. The birth and death rates and dependency ratios are also provided.
Ferrell Secakuku was a respected Hopi elder, tribal chairman, and lifelong advocate of Hopi culture and traditional knowledge. He recently passed away from cancer. As described in the article, Secakuku made many contributions in his life, including negotiating a land settlement between the Hopi and Navajo tribes, advocating for water rights, and sharing Hopi plant knowledge. He was devoted to passing on Hopi teachings and traditions. The article provides a tribute to Secakuku and his accomplishments.
The document summarizes information about the Plateau tribes of Native Americans, including the Nez Perce and Shoshone. It describes their traditional food sources of salmon, berries, and game. It also discusses typical housing like tepees, clothing styles that differed by gender, and their spiritual traditions which involved harmony with nature. Ceremonial dances and artistic traditions like buffalo hide painting are also outlined.
The Turtle clan is responsible for taking care of people and the environment. The Wolf clan provides leadership and teaches the importance of family bonds. Bears understand healing plants and spend time in the spirit world during hibernation, so the Bear clan acts as medicine keepers. Government policies like residential schools and the Sixties Scoop disrupted Aboriginal families and communities, but many are now reclaiming their languages, cultures, and control over education and child welfare.
The document provides background information on the Gai'wiio' or Code of Handsome Lake, which is a set of teachings and rituals that were received by the prophet Handsome Lake and form the basis of the Longhouse Religion among the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy. It describes the multi-day process of reciting the Gai'wiio' teachings, the messages received from the four beings, and some of the key teachings including giving up drinking and witchcraft. It also mentions the Peacemaker, his journey to establish the Haudenosaunee Confederacy through spreading his message of peace, and the creation of the Great Laws and symbols like the Tree of Peace.
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods .docxphilipnelson29183
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods?
What Happens When Native People Lose Their Traditional Foods?
by Deborah Small
November 17, 2016
Purepecha public health worker Abe Sanchez
gathers chia seeds. | Photo: Deborah Small
“The revitalization of tradition is much more
complex than people can imagine. It really is a
process that reaches far into the silenced
knowing. Recovering from intergenerational
historical trauma is something that continues
to seep into the lives of California Indians
today. Growing, nurturing, harvesting, and
preparing native foods not only feed and renew the body—they feed the mind, the soul, the
dreamtime of the people. Most importantly, our practices contribute to the healing of our
common relative, our Mother Earth, and right now, she is sick and unable to attract all the
beauty of the universe to come to her. And if our Mother Earth is sick, so are we, simply
because we are part of her.” —Cindi Alvitre, Tongva educator, Chia Café Collective
The native people I have worked with in southern California for the past 16 years have a
profound spiritual connection to the land through their ancestors and their long history of living
on the land. They pay homage to plants and consider them as their teachers. They’re dedicated
to passing on what they know to others. All stress our interdependence with other species. All
have a fierce devotion to revitalizing their culture as part of the larger cultural revitalization
sweeping California.
Cahuilla/Apache elder Lorene Sisquoc describes a reciprocal relationship with the plants and the
land. “The plants are waiting for us to come take care of them so they can take care of us.
In Temalpakh, Katherine Saubel writes that the Cahuilla word for an oak grove, meki'i'wah,
means ‘the place that waits for me.’ It’s our responsibility to take care of the land, to get out
there and gather, to sing songs, tell stories, do ceremony, share our laughter and our language.
To preserve our oral traditions by passing our knowledge to our kids and grandkids. It’s
important that they start learning very young. Taking care of the plants helps make our families
healthy. We’re working hard to heal our communities by deepening our connection to the land.”
Sisquoc is a founding member of the Chia Café Collective, or CCC, a grassroots group of
southern California tribal members and their allies committed to the revitalization of native
foods, medicines, culture and community. Their work to revitalize native foods honors the vast
traditional knowledge and spiritual relationship to the land, and explores the nutritive and
medicinal bounty the land offers us.
Through workshops, classes, demonstrations, and native foods celebrations, the CCC focus on
ways to re-incorporate native food plants into their daily diets to take back responsibility for
their health and well-being. Their work helps others to reconnect with the land through
ga.
This presentation shows the importance of folklore by looking at five different indigineous cultures. It educates readers on how sustainability and folklore are very much a part of each other.
The Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for over 60,000 years, using basic tools like bowls, baskets, and humpies. There are over 500 Aboriginal language groups in Australia, who also used dance ceremonies to express their beliefs. Aboriginal spirituality involved telling Dreamtime stories to pass beliefs and traditions down through generations, sometimes incorporating body painting with ochre. Traditional Aboriginal family roles divided labor between men hunting and women gathering food.
Jordan Thomas spent the summer of 2013 living in Ecuador working on a sustainable forestry project with the Kichwa people. The project aimed to identify valuable timber species that could be grown on Kichwa land to provide income alternatives to illegal logging and improve ecological conditions. Thomas surveyed community members, researched tree species, and mapped existing land plots to determine which tree species and locations would be best suited for the reforestation efforts. Some key lessons learned included realizing different views on development between generations, understanding contexts around activities like illegal hunting, and the importance of grassroots initiatives over short-term outside interventions.
The document provides information about the Navajo Native American tribe. It discusses their history, including where they originally lived in Northwestern Canada and Alaska over 1,000 years ago before migrating south. It also details where they currently live on the Navajo reservation, which is the largest in the United States. The document describes aspects of Navajo culture such as their traditional hogans, jewelry making, dance, music, instruments, religion, language, food, dress, and childrearing practices.
S Williams 1Running header An Individual’s Culture.docxjeffsrosalyn
S Williams 1
Running header: An Individual’s Culture
Sociology Assignment Paper
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
Sa’Lerial Williams
College of the Mainland
Professor Sabido
Intro to Sociology
July. 26 2019
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
For this sociology assignment paper, I have selected a group of people to whom I met at an event related to their festival. These people are Nepalese, and their culture is totally different from my culture. One of my friends took me to their event with him; a boy named Bhatt was my friend’s friend, who is from Nepal. Bhatt is an Asian male, I just got amazed at the initial introduction I started observing their culture in detail and was mesmerized. I just loved their culture and that’s why my topic of sociology paper is Nepalese culture. I have observed a lot of things in that event because there was a vast range of Nepalese traditional dresses, food, ways of celebration, etc. and later I also researched a lot about their culture. Individuals of Nepal usually greet others with Namaste as a customary salaam, as they did when I was in that event that is widely practiced in most of the nation. This group is approximately 23 million Nepalese who made 69 diverse linguistic and cultural groups, additionally recognized as ethnic associations existing in various parts of the country (Gopal & Verma, 1977). Essentially every ethnic group has their different clothes, vocalize their dialects or languages, and develop their religious traditions. People live under various distinct environmental and geographic familiarizations, from the low fields near the border of India, northward into the central valleys and hills of Mahabharata Mountain, and up to the tremendous manifest lowlands of the Himalayan region.
Languages: In Nepal commonly, there are a couple of significant groups of people located in high Himalayan range Tibetan font (Bhot Burmese or Tibeto-Burman) and low hill to Indo-Aryan (Bharopeli) mid-hill origin societies. Region of Himalayan villages groups who speak Tibetan origin Gurung of Manang, Tibetan Sherpa, Dolpo, Mustang district and Thakali of high plain of Mustang are observed in subalpine to Tran’s regions of Himalayan. The best recognized are the people of Sherpa who have achieved world fame and attention because of their skills of mountaineering. The word “Sherpa,” in English signified as a mountain leader, and Bhatt my friend's friend is from Sherpa, he had extraordinary skills and strength.
Sub-cultures: In the mid-hill frequently located Chepang, Gurung, Sunwar, Rai, Magar, Tamang, and Limbu groups, as well as different Mongoloid groups, exist in these areas. In towns, Kshetri, Punjabi, and Marbadi where different diverse groups are located. The groups of Magar, Gurung, Limbu, Rai, are popular in the world because of Gurkha solder.
Geography: In Terai Plain Lal (Mithila), Yadav, Jha, Singh, Majhi, Rajput, Kshetri, and many more people .
The Plains Indians were skilled farmers and artists who lived in organized tribes, each with their own unique language. The introduction of horses by the Spanish allowed them to more easily hunt buffalo and follow migrating herds. Their most important religious ceremony, the Sun Dance, involved dancing, singing, praying, drumming and visions to show the cyclical nature of life. Women supervised home life, gathered food, and passed down oral traditions, while men protected the village, led hunts and wars, and oversaw spiritual practices.
The document provides information about the Isneg people of Apayao Province in the Philippines. It discusses their traditional practices, beliefs, social structure, and lifestyle. The Isneg are an indigenous group known for their rich culture, including traditions surrounding house building, birth, and marriage. They also have a strong oral tradition of passing down legends and customs to younger generations. While preserving many cultural aspects, some practices like polygyny may need reforming to align with modern values.
This document announces a Kwanzaa celebration being held by the Community Acting Now (CAN) organization in Roselle, New Jersey on December 29th. It provides the founder's message, which discusses the importance of passing on Kwanzaa traditions to youth. The full program for the event is outlined, including performances, readings of the seven Kwanzaa principles, and a feast. Symbols of Kwanzaa like the kinara, muhindi, and mishumaa saba are also explained. The celebration aims to educate youth about their history and culture through Kwanzaa traditions.
Native American concepts and beliefs provide valuable insights. Their culture emphasizes living in harmony with nature, perceiving the Earth as a spiritual presence to be honored. They see themselves as children of the Earth and students of nature. Their worldview values silence, generosity, friendship, and using resources reverently rather than wastefully. Their justice system serves their needs through informal decision making respected by the community. High context communication and storytelling builds trust. Many Native American teachings can address modern issues like stress, environmentalism, and economic issues.
Native Americans lived in different environments across North America and developed distinct ways of life. In the East, they were fishermen and farmers and had early contact with European settlers. On the Great Plains, tribes like the Sioux hunted bison and had conflicts with pioneers in the 1800s. In the Pacific Northwest, coastal tribes relied on fishing and lived in longhouses, and the Inuit in the Arctic adapted to survive the harsh climate through activities like ice fishing. Southwestern tribes built homes and pots from clay and made jewelry. Most tribes shared beliefs about respecting nature, elders, and having a code of ethics to govern their relationships and interactions.
The document summarizes the different indigenous peoples and cultures that inhabited North America prior to European colonization. It describes the five major regions - Eastern Woodlands, Great Plains, Great Basin, Southwest, and Mesoamerica. Within each region several tribes are named and some of their distinguishing cultural traits are outlined, such as housing structures, religious practices, methods of hunting and farming, and crafts. The document suggests examining how Native American culture continues to influence modern society and preparing to discuss the impact of European arrival on indigenous populations.
The document provides information on several indigenous tribes in the Philippines, including their origins, locations, cultures, religions, and traditions. The Mandaya tribe derives its name from words meaning "first" and "upper portion of a river" and are located in eastern Mindanao. They have retained their social and political organizations. The Mansaka tribe gets its name from the word for "farming fields" and are mainly found in Davao provinces. They practice slash and burn farming and have kinship-based social structures. The Tiruray tribe, also called Teduray, lives in mountainous areas of Cotabato and have dispersed settlements organized by families. They believe in deities like Magbabaya and Minaden
A Brief Note On Iowa Beef Packers ( Ibp )Beth Salazar
McCarthyism and the censuring of Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 marked a turning point away from the aggressive anti-communism of the early 1950s and towards a more moderate "Modern Republicanism" under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Paragraph 1:
Senator Joseph McCarthy rose to prominence in the early 1950s through aggressive accusations of communist infiltration of the U.S. government. His actions and accusations became known as "McCarthyism." However, by 1954 his extreme tactics had made him increasingly unpopular. In December 1954, the Senate voted to censure
Chimpanzees are primates that are closely related to humans. They have facial features like flat faces and forward facing eyes. Males weigh around 90-115 pounds and are about 4 feet tall while females weigh 90-100 pounds and are around 3 feet tall. Chimpanzees live in communities led by an alpha male and move through trees by swinging from branches. They are omnivores that eat fruits, plants, insects and meat. Chimpanzees are an endangered species threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
El documento describe la situación de los jornaleros indocumentados en tres aspectos clave. En primer lugar, los jornaleros carecen de derechos básicos y a menudo son humillados o deportados sin previo aviso. En segundo lugar, a pesar de tener grandes habilidades y experiencia, tienen pocas oportunidades de mejorar económicamente debido a su estatus migratorio y la discriminación. Finalmente, la falta de seguridad económica los hace especialmente vulnerables a problemas como la falta de vivienda y la malnutrición.
Este documento presenta una cronología de los eventos históricos que involucran a México y Estados Unidos desde la época precolombina hasta 1964. Resume la ocupación española de México y el suroeste de Estados Unidos, la guerra entre México y Estados Unidos que resultó en la pérdida de territorio mexicano, los programas de trabajadores huéspedes o "braceros" que permitieron la migración temporal de trabajadores mexicanos, y las deportaciones masivas de mexicanos y mexicano-estadounidenses
People have gathered at this site for over 12,000 years. Over time, they transformed the landscape and established ranches and farms. Today, the area is an Oakland neighborhood built on the former land of Rancho San Antonio, once a vast estate. The history of the Peralta rancho and those who lived here is part of the ongoing story that continues today.
Underground artifacts were discovered during landscaping work in a park that was once the site of Claudia Albano's family home. Archaeologist Katherine Flynn was called in to examine the unusual materials found by a tractor, including animal bones and pieces of pottery. Flynn discovered an intact underground area and determined the site was probably an adobe-making pit used by the Peralta family in the 1830s-1840s. Later excavations at the site uncovered more artifacts that provided insights into the lives and trade networks of the early Californian settlers.
Over time, the grasslands and woodlands of what is now Oakland, California were transformed into ranches, farms, and ultimately a neighborhood. The land was originally part of Rancho San Antonio, a vast estate granted to Luis María Peralta in 1820 by the Spanish governor. At the site of today's Peralta Hacienda Historical Park, the Peralta family farmed and raised cattle with Native American workers when California was part of Mexico. The history of the region involves the intermingling of diverse cultures over thousands of years, from the original Ohlone inhabitants to successive waves of Spanish, Mexican, and American settlers who have shaped the area into modern Oakland.
The document summarizes the history of an adobe wall that once surrounded the Peralta homestead in California. It describes how an earthquake destroyed the original wall in 1868. Today, a shorter 100-foot section of the wall has been reconstructed to serve as a community stage and memorial to the original structure. While smaller than the original 500-foot wall, the reconstructed section aims to match details like dimensions and building materials to honor the past.
The Ohlone people lived on the land in the San Francisco Bay Area for over 2,500 years, carefully managing plant and animal resources. They established a balance with the natural environment by techniques like controlled burning that allowed native plants to thrive. However, their ancestral lands and way of life were disrupted by the arrival of Spanish missions, Mexican ranchos, and American settlers in the 1800s. Today, Ohlone descendants are working to revive their cultural heritage by documenting traditional plant uses and languages.
Archaeology at the Peralta Hacienda site uncovered objects that provide insights into the daily lives of groups typically excluded from history books, such as children, women, and Native American workers. Over 30,000 artifacts from the rancho have been cataloged in a thesis and are on display, shedding light on the Peralta family's extensive ranching through remnants of cow bones and luxury goods traded for hides and tallow found in their trash pits.
Este documento proporciona información sobre los nuevos letreros en español en el Parque Histórico de la Hacienda Peralta en Oakland, California. Resume la historia del rancho Peralta y la llegada de diferentes culturas a la región a lo largo de los años. También presenta extractos de historias y recuerdos de personas relacionadas con el parque.
This document is a Chinese translation of a booklet about the Peralta Hacienda Historical Park in Oakland, California. It provides a brief history of the rancho owned by the Peralta family in the early 19th century and describes the current historical site which aims to educate visitors about the Ohlone people and way of life at the time. The translation includes descriptions of the grounds, plantings, archaeological findings, and future plans to expand the site's facilities and programming.
The document describes traditional Ohlone methods for preparing various foods using native California plants and ingredients. It discusses how soaproot bulbs were harvested, covered in dirt and burned to become sweet and edible. It also describes how acorns were an important staple that were pounded into flour to make mush or balls. Chia seeds were gathered and made into flour or dumplings. Fish, shellfish, deer and other meats provided protein. Rice noodles were incorporated into salads along with eggs, peanuts and vegetables. The rhythms of harvesting and preparing foods were tied to the seasons and biological cycles of oak trees in particular.
This document presents the genealogy and family histories of several Native American families from the Ohlone and Miwok tribes in California in the 1800s, including the Colós, Piña, and Guzmán families. It traces family lineages and includes details like names, birth years, death years, tribal affiliations, marriages, and children to help understand the lives and histories of these indigenous families during this time period. The document poses questions about these families to encourage learning more about their stories and the experiences of Native Americans in California.
This document appears to be a family tree showing 3 generations of the Peralta family. It lists family members names and birth years going back to married couples in 1917 and 1950. It shows how family members are related through marriage and generations over time. The document provides genealogical information on the ancestry and extended family relations of the Peralta family.
The document outlines the Native American tribes that historically inhabited different regions of California. It notes that Native Americans have lived in California for at least 13,000 years. Specifically, the Ohlone people arrived in the Bay Area about 3,000 years ago. During the last 250 years, other groups arrived and the population increased 2,000 times. It also maps out the locations of Spanish missions, presidios, and pueblos established in the late 18th century, including Mission San Francisco founded in 1776 and Mission San Jose founded in 1797.
Luís Peralta was a soldier who helped bring local Native Americans, known as the Ohlone, into the Spanish missions in California. His duties included interrogating, pursuing, and punishing Ohlone people who escaped or rebelled against the Spanish. The Ohlone people were forced or coerced into living in the missions for various reasons, including the promise of religion, tools, and goods from the Spanish, as well as scarcity of traditional food sources after Spanish settlement disrupted the land. However, diseases introduced unintentionally by the Spanish, like measles and smallpox, devastated the Ohlone population in the missions due to lack of immunity, resulting in the death of around 90% of
When the Mexican government ended its support of the mission system in 1834, most mission lands went to Californios rather than Native Americans as intended. Some Native Americans formed raiding parties and took horses from nearby ranchos after the missions closed. Antonio María Peralta held large rodeos and owned herds of 8,000 cattle and 2,000 horses at the height of the rancho's prosperity. Native Americans likely built Peralta's 1840 adobe house and encircling adobe wall. Luís Peralta deeded the rancho to his sons in 1842, possibly because he suspected the incoming US government would threaten Mexican land grants.
1) After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1822, the Peraltas began selling cow hide and tallow from their ranch to foreign ships visiting Alta California, prospering from the hide and tallow trade.
2) Native Americans worked for the missions and ranchos, doing tasks like killing and skinning cows, hauling hides and tallow, and herding cattle. They also became skilled horsemen.
3) As disease reduced the Native American population, soldiers went further inland each year to bring more Native people back to work on the missions and ranchos.
The document provides a walking tour guide for Hacienda Historical Park in Oakland, California. It includes brief descriptions of 12 stops along the tour, including the Lum House, California Native Garden, 1821 Adobe building, and Peralta House. It discusses the history of the site from the Ohlone Native Americans who lived there, to the Spanish colonization and the Peralta family who built the first non-native home in 1821, to the growth of Oakland in the late 19th century.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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3. Grow, Cook and Celebrate
People of different cultures and generations encounter each
other daily at Peralta Hacienda Park. Mien elders from the
highlands of Laos, now living in Oakland, have been gathering
here since 2003, when the Lao Family Center asked Friends of
Peralta Hacienda for garden space for them; local youth have
come to play since the park was established in 1996.
Elders and youth grow, harvest,
cook and share food, stories and
other traditions in seasonal outdoor
banquets and afterschool activities
in the Community Leaders Arts
and Garden Program.
Muong and Yen Fong show Kye’anna and Rickiya how to prepare the beans
Meui Chin Saelee, Asia Williams
A divine king at the time of creation
The Mien people have always passed down
recipes, farming techniques and stories, orally
handed out tools to the peoples of the
and by observation, from mothers and fathers to world. He gave the axe, knife, shovel
daughters and sons. When the Mien gardeners
at the park learned about the Community and hoe to the Mien. Ever since then,
Recipe Book, they were amused to learn that the Mien have been farmers.
their family recipes would be written down.
They are glad these traditions will go beyond
— From a Mien story told at Peralta Hacienda
their own community.
4. Farming
As we see the plants grow we get happier every day.
Feuy with dried beans bundled for seeds
We plant Mien crops to keep the seeds alive so
that the species from home won’t die. If we don’t
plant these crops, our way of life will disappear.
Nai Siew and Finh Luang help prepare Mei Yan’s plot
Cutting Edge – and Age-Old – Cultivation
The Mien Gardeners
at Peralta Hacienda...
Use common land divided by verbal consensus.
Do not weed or use insecticides. They cover the ground
rather than leave empty spaces that weeds would fill. To distract
insects from attacking a single species, they allow some weeds to
grow, and plant varied crops together.
Plant nitrogen-fixing and insect-repelling species in one
bed, a method similar to the Three Sisters mix of Central American
traditional fields. Bean vines climb up corn stalks (and fix nitrogen);
lettuce grows low on the ground. Different heights allow the plants
to get sunlight without wasting space between rows.
Use curving planting patterns instead of straight rows,
following the shapes of the beds.
Enrich the soil between every seasonal planting (as many
as three times each year) with grass clippings and decomposed
horse manure, keeping the nitrogen content very high. Nitrogen
is one of the most important plant nutrients and one of the
least available in California soils.
Let a portion of each of the crops go to seed to collect
for the following year. They make ornamental bundles (especially
long beans) to hang up to dry.
Plant different varieties of vegetables based on how they
taste in different growing areas. The Peralta Hacienda group
plants a different kind of bean than family and friends in Hayward. Finh Luang, Ayanna and Kadisha staking vines
5. Rice Oryza sativa
Over 12,000 years ago, people began cultivating the wild ancestor of Asian
rice in the foothills of the Himalayas. North Africans first brought rice to
Spain; arroz comes from the Arabic word ar-ruzz. Rice arrived in Veracruz,
Mexico, with the Spanish, in the 1520s.
My special memory of Laos is the sight of the rice fields
beginning to sprout each year. That made me so happy,
because it meant we would have food. — Nai Siew
Above and top left: Mien harvesting rice in Laotian highlands
Mei Yan Saechao at Peralta Hacienda community banquet, August , 2006
The Origin of Rice — A Mien Story, as Told by Nai Siew
Many centuries ago, Mien people grew huge grains of rice that were too heavy could not stop and bumped into her. She got mad and hit the grains with her
to carry. When the big grains were ready to bring home from the fields, the broom so hard that they ran away crying, and as they were running away, the
Mien people would call out, “O Big Grains, please walk home with us.” The birds ate them all. . .
big grains could walk, and understand the Mien language. . .
The Mien people were starving, because they had no rice. They called out
One morning a man and his parents went out to the farm to call for the grains. to the spirits to help bring the grains back. They had to sacrifice their farm
He told his wife to stay at home and clean the rice houses. But later that af- animals — pigs and chickens — to the spirits.
ternoon, the grains came running home while the wife was still asleep.
The birds pooped the grains onto the ground and they grew into many small
Suddenly she woke and heard the neighbors yelling, “The grains are coming!” grain stalks. The birds carried the stalks with small grains of rice back to the
so she jumped out of bed and ran to the rice house to clean. She was still Mien to plant. From that day onwards people have grown and eaten small
cleaning as they ran through the door. The grains were going so fast, they grains of rice, right up to the present day.
The Mien originated in southern China at least 2,000 years ago, in the Hainan, Guangxi, and adjacent provinces. They trace their ancestry to King Pan Hu.
By 800, West African kingdoms emerge whose economic base rests on control of trans-Saharan trade, trade that will later enable the rise of great empires.
6. Embroidery
Meui Chin Saelee, Mey Yan Saechao, Nai Siew Saechao, Feuy Saelee,
and Finh Luang Saechao in their hand-embroidered Mien clothing
Back in the village, my mother taught me
to embroider when I was seven or eight
years old. When you learn embroidery,
you keep it in your heart. . .
In the refugee camp in Thailand, we kept up the embroidery and we got paid—it was the only way to earn money. It’s like a prison.
You can’t go out, and there’s no freedom. — Meui
On New Year’s morning, an egg is dyed red. Every girl and boy has to learn one thing for that day to be allowed to play with the
dyed eggs. If I was learning a design, I had to know it by then. . . When I was embroidering, my mother would pinch my eyelids. . .
In Laos, people wear these clothes all the time, even to sleep. Here, people point and stare at me. — Nai Siew
The Chinese army periodically drive the Mien from their homes, pushing them into new areas, and killing tens of thousands by the 13th century.
The 11th through 15th centuries witness the rise and fall of several powerful West African kingdoms and empires, including Ghana, Mali, Songhay, and Benin.
7. Mey Yan Saechao
Num • Pumpkin Blossoms
• Pick two quarts of pumpkin blossoms.
• Take off the stems. Take out the strings.
• Put oil, salt and a little water in a frying pan.
• Put all the blossoms in ands cook for several minutes until tender.
Mey pours tapioca drink for Kadisha at Peralta Hacienda banquet
When I was little, it was my responsibility to follow my mother to the farm carrying
the baby on my back. On the way home, we each had to pick up a little bit of wood
to bring home. Another of my jobs was to put the baby chicks in the chicken coop.
The older chickens know where the door is, but the baby chicks don’t.
I liked to go to where the bamboos were, and cut them open to eat the bamboo
shoots. Kids fought over food sometimes because there was not enough. . .
When I was 13, I started to farm. We grew corn, beans and pumpkins, long beans,
short beans, sweet potatoes. The farms were big, half-a-mile long. Up in the hills,
there were only Mien people, and there was a lot of land there. We flattened the
land with a piece of wood we tied to our backs and dragged across the ground.
Lions and tigers would attack the cows, but usually they didn’t attack people because
people have spirits protecting them.
Harvesting pumpkin blossoms at Peralta Hacienda
Names If your name is Mey, you are the first daughter. The second one is always Nai. The third daughter is Pham. The fourth is Fay. The first boy is Koo.
Everybody has almost the same first name, but it’s the middle name and last name that makes the difference. You get your dad’s middle name. My dad’s name is Foot
Yan so that’s why my name is Mey Yan.
Leaders There is a leader, a Na Bahn, for Oakland, and one for Richmond. To choose the Na Bahn, we telephone each other and have a meeting. If someone
has a big problem with someone else, and if it doesn’t stop . . . you have to go to the Na Bahn. He will say what is fair. . . In Laos, every village has a Na Bahn.
To avoid persecution, Mien begin to migrate out of China, spreading through the northern mountains of Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in the 1550s and 1600s.
The African slave trade first reaches English America when, in 1619, a Dutch ship brings 20 African captives to Chesapeake (Jamestown, Virginia) for sale.
8. I was born in 1955 in Dongon, a village with five families. We raised all
our own food: corn, cucumbers, rice, green beans, squash and fruit. When
I was nine, the war started, I don’t know how or why. We were happy in
the village, and then the next moment an American plane bombed us.
My brother and my great-aunt were killed.
Meui Chin Saelee
Meui Chin Saelee, Asia Williams and amaranth plants
We fled from village to village . . . we had to carry our bags, food, clothes . . . Broccoli Raab Brassica rapa or rupo
we were starving. Anything that was not poisonous, we would eat. I was the
only one who knew how to carry water. You have to balance, with two buckets (Not related to broccoli, but probably descends from a wild turnip)
and a bamboo stick, or there’s hardly any left when you get back from the river. . . Broccoli raab
Oil
Many people died from sickness and starvation. . . The water was not clean, Garlic
the weather was very hot. . . The Communists would take all the teenagers, Thai chili peppers
especially girls, to perform, to dance in the celebrations, parties, to sing . . . Salt
they were not going to let you see your family or anything. So we were scared.
• Pick fresh broccoli raab with green flowers left on.
To escape, it took us half a year. . . I was the one who had to move first, then • Heat oil well, put in pressed garlic and add whole hot peppers.
go back for the whole family, and then go back and bring all their belongings. . . • Pour in 2 quarts of water and wait for it to boil.
• Drop fresh-picked broccoli raab into the water; salt to taste.
Some were left behind in the village, so my mom, stepmom, myself, and • Boil about 5 minutes. If it’s soft, it’s ready. Don’t overcook.
two others went back. The Communists didn’t know we were there, hiding.
We could hear them walking around the house all night. If they caught us,
Nai Meuy Saelee, Meui Chin’s Daughter,
we were all going to die at once. . .
program assistant / translator
For three years we raised food for the family and sold sesame seeds and Many people here believe in God. We have people we believe in,
yellow corn. I was fourteen, fifteen, sixteen. When I was seventeen we the ancestors of our own family, our parents, grandparents, from
escaped to Thailand. generation to generation. . . We celebrate the Spirits’ New Year,
for the ancestors, on March 14.
By the late 1800’s, large numbers of Mien live in settled communities based on hunting and farming in the highlands of Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
In 1793, Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin, which greatly accelerates the spread of cotton plantations and slave labor yet further west and deeper south.
9. Reginald Adams Reggie’s Favorite Cake
with fruit & herbs from the garden
Yellow cake mix (Betty Crocker extra moist)
Egg and milk (or water) as called for on the cake mix box
Chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker)
Fresh strawberries
Fresh mint
• Bake the cake following instructions on the box.
• Layer and frost the cake.
• Wash the strawberries and cut the stems and leaves away.
• Slice the strawberries, press them into the frosting and make a design.
• Wash the mint, pull the leaves from the stems and press the leaves into
the frosting around the strawberries.
I was born in Jasper, Texas. Some people, while we’re here,
are planting the gardens there. Right now they’re watering
all our plants, small flowers and big flowers.
Richard Adams
Jasper, Texas, is more peaceful, more quiet; not a big rat race.
My grandfather was a salesman. We farmed, but for ourselves.
We had chickens and hogs. We raised watermelons, cucumbers
and sweet potatoes . . . all the different vegetables. We had a
lot of land. We continue to garden back there.
— Rose Armstrong, Reggie & Richie’s mother
Richie’s Franks & Links
I was born in Louisiana, my father was a sharecropper. . . We
raised our corn, potatoes, and we raised our greens, our own
Ingredients: smoked pork franks and sausage links
hogs and our cows . . . and we had cotton . . . so we had it all. . .
• Barbeque on open flame until browned.
Twenty-five years ago, I built a big mansion in Texas, so we stay • Serve with hotdog buns, ketchup and mustard.
there three or four months of the year. If I was there now, we’d
be getting the fall garden ready, and I think it is about time I have learned how to grow things from the gardeners in the park.
to do that right now. You put in the seeds, and you water them, and after they’re grown you
— Lee Armstrong, Reggie & Richie’s father pick them. We have activities in the park and eat what we’ve grown.
The Han continue to encroach on Mien lands and impose tributes. Then, in 1893, the French claim Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, calling the area Indochina.
The Missouri Compromise (1822), Compromise of 1850, and Lincoln’s election in 1860 inspire the South to secede, resulting in civil war and slavery’s end.
10. Marcus Jones age 16, speaks arabic & english
My grandfather brought a stone from a volcano
in Somalia. He carved it with the face of each
family member that was born. I will inherit it.
That is how we remember our family history.
Marcus’ Peach Cobbler
Cake mix, preferably rainbow cake but yellow cake will do
Egg and milk (or water) as called for on the cake mix box
One cup sugar
Two cans diced peaches
Cooking oil
• In a mixing bowl, combine the cake mix, the egg and the sugar.
• In a separate bowl, drain the juice from the peaches.
• Heat a tablespoon of oil in one pan.
• Layer into the hot pan first the peaches, then the cake mixture.
• Place a lid over the pan and cook until the mixture thickens
and a crust forms on the top.
• Oil the second frying pan and place it face down on top of the
cooking mixture.
• This is the tricky part: Flip the pan so that you turn the contents
of the first pan upside down and into the second pan, scrape the
pan as needed.
• Cook for 3 – 5 minutes to brown the bottom, and serve with
ice cream.
I want to be a chef. We cooked every week on the Peralta
House patio. I cooked pan peach cobbler for the last
banquet. It started to burn, then Finh helped me get the
heat down. I invented this recipe for dessert on camping
trips: It uses two frying pans instead of an oven.
My grandmother cooks food from Somalia. Her whole
Marcus tells his family history at the Story Circle at Peralta Hacienda
house smells like coriander.
Japan holds Laos during WWII. From 1946 to 1954, France wages the First Indochina War (known as the “French War” in Vietnam today), disrupting Mien villages.
Depressed cotton prices and boll weevil infestations lead to the “Great Migration” (1910-1920), pushing black sharecroppers north and west to find work.
11. Yen Fong Saechao
Once, a man in our village went out to shoot a bird, and a tiger jumped out of a tree, and killed him
and ate him. We say now, when we tell the story, that it was his time. We believe, when you die – that
day, that time – is the time for you to go. That was what was there for you. Here, you say it is accidents.
Top Kway • Green Beans
Green beans
Oil
Water
Hot peppers
• Harvest green beans and wash.
• Break off tips and break into 2-inch pieces.
• Heat vegetable oil in fraying pan.
• When hot, throw in beans and sauté a few minutes at high heat.
• Add some water—not to cover them, just to create steam.
• Sprinkle with pepper, cover and steam 15-20 minutes.
• Remove the lid to stir frequently so that all the beans get cooked.
In Laos we use hot peppers cut into small pieces, but you can use powdered
“Mexican blend” or paprika.
In our culture, basically, the husband’s mother buys you and you
go to their house. . . I got married when I was fifteen or sixteen.
I lived with my husband and did farm work. . . We grew corn,
squash, beans, coconut and rice. We ate meat only when we sacri-
ficed a pig for a big ceremony at the beginning of each year.
There were no clocks, we used the rooster to tell time. When it
cock-a-doodle-doo’s in the morning, it’s time to wake up and
make your rice for lunch to take to the farm. The pigs did not
even wake up. . . I just left food there for them, and if they ate,
they ate, and if they didn’t, fine!
One of the Communists shot my stepfather in the back. I saw that
happen. After that, we knew we had to leave, because we couldn’t
let any more lives end like that.
We kept moving and moving from place to place. Every time we
moved, we started a farm, but then had to move again. . . Later,
Long Beans. There are 150 varieties of long beans, bred for the flavor we went to Thailand to the camp and did farm work for other
and succulence of their pods. Those grown in the garden may be Phaseolus people. Then Thailand said there wasn’t enough space for all the
vulgaris, indigenous to the Americas, domesticated in ancient Mesoamerica Laotians. They didn’t have enough to feed us, so they sent us to
and the Andes. Or they may be Vigna sesquipedalis, a relative of cowpeas and the United States.
black eyed peas, believed to have originated in tropical Africa.
Indochina gains independence under the Geneva Accords in 1954 after victory at Dien Bien Phu, but conflict between the Pathet Lao and Royal Lao plagues Laos.
In 1954, after years of black-led activism and legal fights, the Supreme Court rules that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
12. Nai Siew Saechao
The land is meant to plant. I really love it. I don’t have a
garden where I live. I walk eight blocks to get here. I can say,
“I have a plot somewhere.” And when I get homesick, I know
there’s a place where I can go and the wind blows.
When I had to move to the United States I was so scared I didn’t want to
come. . . When I first got off the plane, I was worried about the food. . .
At first, I just stayed home and worried and cried. There weren’t any pigs to
feed, no chickens to watch, no chicks to look after. . . I had nothing to do.
Back home, we build our own fire and put food we grow ourselves on the
fire, and cook it and share it with everybody. And here we can’t do that.
When I first came I didn’t know there was such a thing as a grocery store.
I didn’t know there was such a thing as selling drugs. And there were no
Mien foods, no Mien festivals. So I had to eat American. Now I am
getting used to it.
People who work in offices and buy vegetables, it’s strange to me, but that’s
the way they run things here. I don’t like to buy vegetables in the store. If
I buy a vegetable I have to eat it that day. We like them fresh.
I want youth to know about the past. I want people to listen. . .
Noodle Salad for Celebrations
Finh Luang’s Noodle Salad
Rice noodles, cooked
Hard-boiled egg
Peanuts
Cilantro
Cucumber Nai Siew’s Noodle Salad
Lettuce
Lemon, a little
• Add tiny bits of cooked and seasoned chicken and small fresh
Tamarind powder
lettuce leaves to cooked warm rice noodles.
Dried red pepper, a little
• Combine all ingredients, serve cold.
In 1961, one year after the start of the Vietnam War, the CIA wages a secret war on the Pathet Lao. The CIA recruits many Mien to fight for the U.S.
The 1960s see MLK’s march on Washington, the rise of Black Power, and the founding of the Black Panthers by Oakland activists Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
13. Tamon Perrelliat
I was born in Oakland in 1993 on March the sixth. I want to learn more about cooking, I want to be a chef, a good chef, and I want
to make strawberry cake with cream. For Christmas, my mom makes gumbo, and she makes her own cake, then we go to her grand-
parents’ house. They have Jello, Tang, turkey, homemade macaroni and cheese, apple cider, and chicken and gravy. I like cherry toma-
toes, the little ones, and I like salad. I want to have a restaurant when I grow up with pictures of different cultures all over the walls.
Tamon’s Deviled Eggs
‘tnt deviled eggs’
A dozen hard-boiled eggs
6 tablespoons of Ranch dressing or mayonnaise
2 teaspoons of mustard
1 teaspoon apple cider vinegar
2 tablespoons of sweet pickle relish
1 tablespoon of chopped yellow onion
Hot sauce to taste
Salt and pepper to taste
Paprika
• Boil whole eggs 12 – 15 minutes.
• Cool eggs by placing in cold running water.
• Peel shells and cut lengthwise with knife.
• Remove yolks and place in mixing bowl.
• Mash yolks with a fork and add remaining ingredients. Mustard Trivia Mustard is made from seeds of Brassica juncea,
• Spoon mixture back into egg white halves and sprinkle with paprika. Brassica hirta, and Sinapis alba — brown, yellow and white mustard. Brown
makes the spiciest mustard and yellow makes the mildest. Mustard is by far
I tried a couple of online recipes to choose my ingredients for deviled eggs. the largest spice by volume in world trade.
1975 brings defeat to U.S. interests in the area. The Pathet Lao seek reprisals against the Mien, who flee to Thailand, where they are held in refugee camps.
In the 1970s, civil rights and anti-Viet Nam War activists join forces. In 1977, Oakland elects Lionel Wilson as its first African American mayor.
14. FINH
LUANG
SAELEE
Our holidays are different from
American holidays. We have
holidays for animals. I was born
on the holiday for the wind.
Nobody works on that day. If we
work, then later a big wind
comes and destroys everything.
One holiday is for the tiger’s sleep,
and another holiday is for the
tiger walking. One is for the
mouse. If we work on that day,
the mouse eats the rice.
My real mother was disabled. She cooked and fed the pigs and chickens for my stepmother. When she died . . . I made the casket out of bamboo
and buried her. We moved to the city and I worked for my stepmother and my stepfather and his three other wives. It was very hard.
The fighting began. . . I had to flee . . . we hid in the mountains, in caves . . . about 15 people in the village died every day in the bombing. . . I saw
everything. . . Kua Finh and Nai Finh both died when they were 14 days old. In the refugee camp, I got married. We came here in 1981.
I’m concerned about my own children. I always talk about it with my friends . . . my daughter, Mey Finh, died at 33, two years ago. . . I have three
children born here in Oakland, all living with me. My son doesn’t want to hear about Laos. It’s all the past. My daughter, Emily, wants to know. . .
In 1979, as a token of appreciation, the U.S. government accepts Mien refugees as naturalized citizens, and relocates many of them to northern California.
In the 1980s and 1990s, plant closures shrink Oakland’s industrial base. Its rap music becomes well known, and the city is the center for debates on Ebonics.
15. Dao • land
Where I lived, we could plant
anywhere we wanted to. It wasn’t
like, ‘I own this land, and I can
only plant this land.’ We could
plant anywhere we wanted to.
Mustard Greens B. juncea
Origin: Central Asia, Himalayas
• Pick a large bundle of fresh mustard greens.
• Put in a large pot:
3 tablespoons chicken fat
2 cloves chopped garlic
Salt
Couple of small whole hot peppers
• Cook together until fragrant.
• Pour in water, several inches deep.
• Put greens in water, tearing them into smaller
pieces as you do so.
• Bring to boil; cook to taste until tender.
• Drain off water and serve.
The 80s and 90s see a tough change for the Mien, as they juggle ancient traditions from the highlands of Laos with urban life in the U.S.
Building upon the energy and legacy of the 60s and 70s, many African Americans come to hold prominent leadership positions in the 80s and 90s.
16. Kadisha Young
Kadisha’s
Collard Greens
One bundle of collard greens, freshly
picked from the garden
One large yellow onion
Favorite spices to taste
Salt and pepper to taste
We used lemon-salt and a Mexican spice
combination.
• Chop the collard greens and onion
and place in mixing bowl.
• Add spices, salt and pepper, and
mix thoroughly.
• Heat a pot of water to a medium
hot and add the mixture.
• Put a lid on the pot to cook slowly
for two hours.
Collards Brassica oleracea acephala • Strain the greens to serve.
Collards originated in the Mediterranean region and were a regular food in
Ancient Greece and Rome. Collards belong to the cabbage family. Acephala,
means “without a head” — collards don’t have a close-knit core of leaves
like other cabbages.
I was born in Oakland in 1994. My mom comes from L.A. and
my dad comes from Berkeley and Oakland. My grandma is from
Oklahoma. I am in the seventh grade at Calvin Simmons.
When we first started to plan the youth garden, I asked to grow
collard greens, because they are my mother’s favorite vegetable.
When the collards grew to be very big, leafy plants I asked my
mother to show me how to make the greens. This is her recipe.
Collard Legend: Eating collards on New Year’s Day ensures
wealth in the coming year because their leaves resemble folded money.
By 2007, about 4000 Mien live in Oakland. Statewide, many Mien lend their agricultural expertise to California’s burgeoning organic farming movement.
By 2007, well over 2 million African Americans live in California, including roughly 150,000 in Oakland, and 12,000 in Fruitvale.
17. The Mission of Friends of Peralta Hacienda Historical Park is to
promote understanding, historical healing and community amid change and diversity. We present and
interpret the untold history of the Peralta rancho and the stories of the Fruitvale community today, giving
voice to the many cultures that have created—and are still transforming—California. The six-acre park and
historic house form an arts and educational hub for local families and youth, and regional center for
historical inquiry and discovery.
Peralta Hacienda Historical Park is a six-acre City of Oakland park containing the
1870 Antonio Peralta House (on the National Register of Historic Places), indoor and outdoor historical
exhibits, community garden, native plant garden, recreational and activity areas and a nature area where
Peralta Creek meanders through alders and redwoods. Friends of Peralta Hacienda Historical Park operates
the site, offering tours, events and community programs, developing exhibits and publications, and
spearheading completion of the master plan. Peralta Hacienda is on the National Park Service San Juan
Bautista de Anza National Trail and is a state and local landmark.
The site was once the headquarters of the 45,000 acre Peralta cattle ranch, where
seven modern cities of Alameda County now stand, including all of Oakland, Berkeley, Albany, Alameda,
Emeryville, Piedmont, and parts of San Leandro. Luís Peralta received the land in 1820, when California
was still part of New Spain. The rancho continued as California became part of Mexico in 1822 and was
admitted to the union as a free state in 1850. The rancho’s last acre finally sold in 1897. Today, the park is
nestled at the heart of the vibrant and diverse Fruitvale district of Oakland, California. Native Americans
have lived here for millennia, and still do, their history encompassing rapid transformations of land and
culture through Spanish, Mexican and U.S. invasions, colonization and settlement.
Every human being makes history at Peralta Hacienda Historical Park.
Friends of Peralta Hacienda Historical Park
Phone and Facsimile: 510-532-9142
www.peraltahacienda.org
Mailing address: Box 7172, Oakland, 94601
Street address: 2465 34th Avenue, Oakland 94601
18. Friends of Peralta Hacienda Historical Park
Phone and Facsimile: 510-532-9142
www.peraltahacienda.org
Mailing address: Box 7172, Oakland, 94601
Street address: 2465 34th Avenue, Oakland 94601