Community Practices as a knowledge system

1. LEARNING THROUGH COMMUNITY OF
PRACTICES
BY: Gunjan Gangey
First year
PEDAGOGY

2. INTRODUCTION
Community of practices and learning refers to an informal organization's programs
to promote learning and social development work with individuals and groups in
their communities using a range of formal and informal methods. groups in their
communities using a range of formal and informal methods. The concept was first
proposed by cognitive anthropologists” Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger in 1991”.
In ancient time as well, community of practices existed in which communities were
formed according to caste, religion, profession, locality, age, language etc. These
people shared their knowledge, experiences, briefs, rituals
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3. INTRODUCTION
Aim of the research
To study the knowledge system and learning through community of practices .
Objective
 To study the type of community of practices prevailing in this contemporary era.
 To study the structure and the elements of community of practices.
 To study the hierarchy of flow of knowledge at intra and inter level.
 To study the social, economical, physical aspect of the community of practices
and its significance in the society.
Scope and significance
 Scope of this dissertation is to understand the informal knowledge system that
exists in the community of practices, and the role it plays for the socio
economic development of the community as well as the society.
 To study the advantages and the disadvantages of community practices.
 To study how significant role does community practices play in eradicating the
social evil and socio economic development of the people
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4. INTRODUCTION
Hypothesis
Whether or not there is knowledge system and learning in the community of
practices and if yes then what is its significance and how does it help the
community.
Delimitation
The Social, economical aspect of the communities are studied through case study
of Sidhbari in the foot hills of Himalaya in Himichal Pradesh. In this study
“community practices through self-help group “people establishes a knowledge
system for their betterment and socio economic improvement. The various
practices are studied through which there is knowledge shearing and learning at
Intra level and Inter level.
Methodology
Primary data are collected through the case study. The various member of the
community is interviewed and questioned to understand the significance of
community practices. Secondary data’s are collected through the journals
published by different non-profit organizations and government agencies working in
this field.
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5. HISTORY OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
In India, the very concept of community and social organizations was deep-
rooted in the religion. Community of practices were the religious rituals . The
basic objective of community development in India was to awaken the rural
people of their needs, instilling in them a sense of ambition for better life and
making them aware of their right and power to find a solution for their problems.
 Different social reformers from time to time played very important role in the
development of the communities as well as discouraging the wrong practices
and encouraging the rightful practices.
Government initiated community based development from 1952 onwards.
Various 5 year plan were formed to promote the rural community
development
The National Extension Service (NES), Central Social Welfare Board
(CSWB) were launched in the country in October 1953 for development with
the self-help strategy.
NABARD- National bank of agriculture and rural development was formed
by the government to promote development of the rural community.
5

6. HISTORY OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
Gandhian Approach to Community Work
 Gandhi has not given a clear-cut definition of the community. For him
the village is the basic community with it geographical limitation
where a number of families come together and co-operate to build a
common life. According to Gandhi the basic element of a community
is mutual co-operation and common sharing.
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7. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
Jean Lave (an anthropologist) and Etienne Wenger (an independent thinker
and researcher) were credited with coining and formally describing the term
CoP as: ‘Groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something
they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly’. The definition
had three crucial characteristics:
Elements of community of practices.
 Domain- The purpose or domain of interest. Not merely a club of friends or a
network of connections between people. It has an identity defined by a shared
domain of interest.
 Community- The members, They build relationships that enable them to learn
from each other.
 Practices- Not merely a community of interest – people who like certain kinds
of movies, for instance. Members of a community of practice are practitioners.
They develop a shared source of resources, experiences, stories, tools, ways
of addressing recurring problems in short, a shared practice.
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8. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
Wengers’ Theory
8

9. TYPES OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
 Self-organising(self help) community
 Sponsored community
Self-organising(self help) community
It tends to be informal, and to exist as a result of a shared interest of its
members in a particular theme or practice area. These communities are
formed out of different Caste, Religion, Practices, profession and Gender.
Turning to the development sector in India, a wide variety of groups and
networks that bear some characteristics of CoPs are identified. Highlighted
examples are “Adikke Pathrike”- a farmers’ group producing a journal in
Karnataka.
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10. TYPE OF COMMUNITY OF PRACTICES
Sponsored community
Sponsored communities, by contrast, are initiated, chartered and supported by
the company management. Membership also shows great variations in size
from large numbers in e-groups, to usually smaller face-to-face groups. In all,
one of the most important features has been the leadership provided by a few
individuals or organisations with the time and energy to contribute.
Wengers’ Theory
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11. MODELS OF COMMUNITY PRACTICES
Community of practices takes place at 3 levels.
 Locality level
 Social planning level
 Social action level
Locality level
Locality development model is a method of working with in community or
groups. It was used by the settlement houses. Here the important focus is
about the process of community development and building. The basic belief is
that communities have some common needs and interests and once the people
realize this need and work together democratically, e.g. RWA.
Social planning level
It refers to the type of community work where a worker or agency undertakes
an exercise of evaluating welfare needs and existing services. The various
government agencies work at this level. The ministry of rural development is
one of the example.
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12. Social Action is an individual, group or community effort within the framework
of the social work philosophy and practice that aims to achieve social
progress, to modify social policies and to improve social legislation and health
and welfare service.Philosophy ,practice and action that aims to achieve
social progress, to modify social policies and to improve social legislation and
health and welfare services for the community.
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Social action level

13. Locality level Social Planning level Social Action level
Communities of practices
followed by people of certain
locality to stay connected
and promote community
development in that area.
Social planning by the
government and other NGO to
promote social and economic
growth in the identified
community
The execution level of social
planning level is called Social
action level.
No external association. Assistance and association with
the state or central government
and different NGO.
Natural phenomenal growth and
need oriented.
EG. RWA
This is at Intra level
The social planning level and action level are the two
different stages.EG. NABARD-This organization identifies
the communities and provide assistance and credit to the
self help group.
These are at Inter level.
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14. SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE IN INTRA LEVEL AND INTER LEVEL
Learning is to do something new or better than what we are previously
doing it.
This can be achieved by community of practices at Intra level and Inter level.
When members share their experiences and their knowledge with the other
members with in the community then this is called “INTRA LEVEL” learning.
When there is flow of knowledge from one community of practices to other then it
is called at “INTER LEVEL”. The various program organized by the government of
India is at Inter level.
Example -MEGHANWAS VILLAGE IN
HARYANA
Meghanwas village is located in
Mahendragarh Tehsil of Mahendragarh
district in Haryana, India. Mahendragarh is
nearest town to Meghanwas village.The
sandy village of Meghanwas in Haryana
suffers from two problems – shortage of
water and wastage of the available water.
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15. CASE STUDY OF MEGHANWAS VILLAGE IN HARYANA-
Meghanwas village is located in Mahendragarh Tehsil of Mahendragarh district in
Haryana, India.
The map of Meghanwas village
Students of Class V were committed to establish a sense of responsibility in the
community to save water so that there is no scarcity in future and also day-to-
day needs can be met with ease. The student team met the Sarpanch and
explained its concern. The latter highly appreciated the initiative and together
with the Panchayat members assured to help the campaign.
There are only three
tube-wells in the village
catering to most of the
population. Though
some houses have
separate water supply in
their houses, the
wastage leads to
serious dearth of this
resource most of the
times.
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MEGHANWAS

16. SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE IN INTER LEVEL AND INTRA LEVEL
As a result of the Save Water Campaign,
there is adequate water in the village today
meeting the requirement of the whole
village. People have become responsible
and accountable. The students conduct
regular follow-up sessions to further the
cause. They have put up awareness
posters in village common places and
assigned volunteers to counsel, guide and
keep a check on usage of water.
The neighbouring villages of Haryana and
Rajasthan followed similar kind of
community of practices to cope up with
similar water related problems.
This practice was also called best
community of practices.
Hence the knowledge was spread at INTRA
LEVEL and later if took the form of INTER
LEVEL. 16

17. SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE IN INTER LEVEL AND INTRA LEVEL
Intra level Practices Knowledge gained Inter level
Water scarcity in
Meghan-
Was in the North
western region of
Indian ,in
HARYANA
State.
 School and students get
involved.
 Female made as water
managers.
 Posters displayed near
the water resources
about the various ways of
saving it.
 Students involve their
parents in this initiative.
 Make the village
community aware by
taking about it in the
Panchayat.
 Present a skit in the
Panchayat about the
various measures to be
followed for water
pollution prevention and
proper water use.
 Rain water harvesting
taught.
 Croup rotation taught
 Old wells and water
sources revived.
 Underground Water
used wisely.
 Water pollution control.
 Involve Public Raj
Institutions (PRIs) and
NGOs in the
management of rural
water supply
Best practices followed
by neighbouring
villages.
Knowledge gained
 Rain water
harvesting taught.
 Croup rotation
taught
 Old wells and
water sources
revived.
 Less dependency
on underground
water
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18. SPREAD OF KNOWLEDGE IN INTER LEVEL AND INTRA LEVEL
INICIATIVES TAKEN AT INTER LEVEL
• Campaign for Health and Nutrition awareness programs.
• Campaign for Hygiene and Sanitation.
• Blood donation camps.
• Rain water harvesting and water management campaigns.
• Women empowerment.
• Campaigns against drug abuse
• Campaign save water
• Campaign education for girl child.
• Campaign against child marriage.
• Campaign against social superstition.
• Campaign against child labour
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19. CASE STUDY
The case study of Sidhbari village, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh is done.
The villagers have made SHG and have successfully promoted socio economic
development of the community members as well as the village. They are being
assisted by different agencies like “NABARD” and a NGO called “CORD”.
The vision is to empower the marginalized and to actively participate in the
process of rural development on various issues that affects their lives. Hence,
Community Based practices (COP) are critical in ensuring community’s
participation. Strengthening COP’s capacities on multiple aspects is a continuous
evolving process in the spiral growth of community’s taking the central role as
agents of change
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Sidhbari
Social
Practices
Livelihood
Practices
Health care
Practices
Economical
Practices
Community of Practices

20. The practices of the SHG
1.MahilaMandals (Women Groups):
This program was originally termed “Gangotri” because it was the source of
programmes and was meant to purify superstitions and vested interests that
had crept into Indian customs. It was also meant to be the centre of all
operations by allowing rural women to have a forum to voice their opinions on
individual, domestic, and social issues.
a) Each Mahila Mandal collects 10 to 50 rupees as monthly membership fee.
This money is utilized for village welfare, which includes social efforts and
village improvement and further promote micro banking.
b) b) Mahila Mandal projects including a rally against the opening of an illegal
wine shop as well as organizing an agricultural camp, distributing wheat seeds
‘Chaari’, ‘Baajra’ utilizing Government subsidies.
c) The members raise awareness on environmental issues
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21. COMMUNITY BASED LIVELIHOOD (NON-FARM & SERVICE SECTOR)
• The Community Based Livelihood – Non-Farm & Service Sector seeks to
enhance the inherent & vocational skills of rural members by encouraging and
motivating entrepreneurship.
• members, to be self-reliant through training and skill upgrading, exposure trips,
backward & forward market link, and centre/field follow-ups.
• The Udyamis (entrepreneurs) of Self Help group were invited to put up their
stall to showcase as well as market their products at the Rajendra Prasad
Medical College Art and craft
The handicraft that comes out of this state are the
carpets, leather works, shawls, paintings, metalware,
woodwork and paintings.
A tribe namely Dom is expert in
manufacturing bamboo items
like boxes, sofas,chairs, baskets and rack. Metal ware
of the state
include utensils,ritualistic vessels, idols, gold and
silver jewelleries.
Weaving, carving, painting, or chiselling is considered
to be the part of the life of Himachalis. Himachal is well
known for designing shawls especially in Kullu.
The architecture, objects, shops, museums, galleries
and craftsmen charm with the variety perfected

22. INTEGRATED FARM & ALLIED SECTOR
• The Farm and Allied Sector has 9389 beneficiaries associated under its umbrella.
• 60 polyhouses and 1108 vermin compost pits are being promoted with our
farmers by utilizing the government grant until March 2012.
• There are master trainers within
CORD to teach the techniques of
System of Crop Intensification.
We have transferred this
knowledge to over 3,000 farmers
till date of which 954 were in the
current reporting period.
• They are working closely with the
government on fish farming, horticulture,
poultry and dairy.
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23. HEALTH PROGRAMME
OPD and health care camps are organized in village community centers to promote
general check up of the villagers.
• The villagers are being encouraged to immunize their children.
• The greatest challenge among this population is improving their sanitation levels
• Cases were referred to Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College and Hospital and
Dharamshala Zonal Hospital for further treatment and investigations including
hospitalizations.
• To promote Adolescent Health & Hygiene as well as HIV Health preventative
measures camps were conducted in three Khas Panchayats namely Malan, Bhuned,
and Chadi.
Water Testing was conducted in five Panchayats under the Community Led Assessment,
Awareness, and Programme as part of the Programme to measure and reduce the
carbon foot prints in Himachal Pradesh.
f) To promote Adolescent Health & Hygiene as well as HIV Health preventative measures
camps were conducted in three Khas Panchayats namely Malan, Bhuned, and Chadi.
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24. Case
study
Tiers of SHG Practices APPLICATION
Sidhbari
village
District
Kangra,
Himachal
Pradesh
Mahilamandal  Each Mahila Mandal collects 50 to 100
rupees as monthly membership fee.
This money is utilized for village
welfare.
 Rally against the opening of an illegal
wine shop as well as organizing an
agricultural camp, distributing wheat
seeds ‘Chaari’, ‘Baajra’ utilizing
Government subsidies.
 Donated money for various social
causes such as marriages, illness
treatment, funerals etc.
 Fight social evils against women and
children
 Government schemes and subsidies utilized for
the development of women and children
 Women taught about their rights and equality
Community
based
livelihood
 Training and skill upgrading, exposure
trips, art and culture backward &
forward market link, and centre/field
follow-ups.
 The Udyamis (entrepreneurs) of Self
Help group were invited to put up their
stall to showcase as well as market
their products at the Rajendra Prasad
Medical College.
 Empowerment and economic stability.
 Small scale industries developed for non
agricultural community
Integrated farm
and allied sector
60 playhouses and 1108 vermin compost pits
are being promoted with our farmers.
 the techniques of System of Crop
Intensification.
They are working closely with the
government on fish farming, horticulture,
poultry and dairy
Latest techniques taught.
 Farmers introduced to the various government
schemes and policy
Health sector Encouraged to immunize their children.
Promote Adolescent Health & Hygiene as
well as HIV Health preventative measures
camps were conducted.
 Water Testing was conducted.
Various preventive measures taught to the community.
Introduced to the various government schemes and
policies.
 Promote various nutrition component of the food.
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25. ANALYSIS OF DATA
Different knowledge domain: Practices leads knowledge gain and improves cognitive
development and skilled development leading to effective learning. Jean Lave and
Etienne Wenger in 1991”the anthropologists also quoted that community of
practices are the best source of cognitive learning and affective learning .
Cognitive development –These
are information processing,
intelligence, reasoning,
language development, and
memory. Cognitive
development is the construction
of thought processes, including
remembering, problem solving,
decision-making and learning
application.
Skilled development -Skill
Development means
developing yourself and your
skill sets to add value for the
organization and for your
own career development.
Fostering an attitude of
appreciation for lifelong
learning is the key to
success.
Affective learning-
It involves well-defined learning
process through which the
outcome is attitude development
,organising, valuing responding
Public problem solving
Civic judge/role playing
Civic imagination and creativity
Collective action
Community/Coalition building
Organizational analysis
25

26. SOCIAL PRACTICES
Practices in Mahilamandal
Model of community
of practices followed
Knowledge
domain
Knowledge
gained at Intra
level
In 1987, the ‘MahilaMandals Programme’ was
founded and later implemented in this village. This
program was originally termed “Gangotri” because
it was the source of all programmes and was
meant to purify superstitions which blocked the
women community.
Locality level model
in community
practices developed
to improve the
women’s condition
Cognitive
learning.
Reasoning
ability
developed
Women taught
about their rights
and equality
Each Mahila Mandal collects 50 to 100 rupees as
monthly membership fee. This money is utilized for
village welfare, which includes social efforts and
village improvement and further promotes micro
banking
Social action level
model developed with
the help of
government rural
banks to promote
micro banking
Cognitive
learning leading
to money
saving.
Community
saving which acts
as a bank and
can be utilized for
community.
Mahila Mandal projects including a rally against
the opening of an illegal wine shop.
Locality level model
of community of
practices.
Affective
learning-morals
to fight evil
This was followed
in other villages.
Inter level
knowledge.
They distributed wheat seeds ‘Chaari’, ‘Baajra’
utilizing Government subsidie
Social action level
with the help of
government
schemes used for
community
development
MahilaMandals from different Panchayats donated
Rs. 81700 for various social causes such as
marriages, illness treatment, funerals
Affective
learning-
community act
Community
development

27. ECONOMICAL PRACTICES
Practices in community based
livelihood
Model of community of
practices followed
Knowledge
domain
Knowledge gained
at Intra level
 The Community Based
Livelihood – Non-Farm & Service
Sector seeks to enhance the
inherent & vocational skills of
rural members by encouraging
and motivating entrepreneurship.
 Members are trained and skill
upgraded, exposure trips,
backward & forward market link,
and centre/field follow-ups are
conducted.
 Entrepreneurs of Self Help group
were invited to put up their stall to
showcase as well as market their
products at the Rajendra Prasad
Medical College
All the practices are based on
social action level.
Training in either provided by
the NGO or other government
agencies to upgrade their
skills.
Even college students
participate in these kind of skill
development program by
teaching them computer skills
or English language.
Skill domain
Cognitive
domain as
people learn
leadership
skills.
Inter level- As these
skills are provided in
many villages and
practices are being
followed at inter level
 Spandan and other kind of art
and craft mela is organized by
the state government to promote
tourism and local handicraft
where the villagers sell the
woolen garments and locally
made stuff .
 Different villages participate in
these kind of melas .
In the starting this was limited
only at locality level. People
leaving near the tourist places
used to sell the handicraft but
the demand was high so
government started promoting
local handicraft and small
cottage industries developed
making this at social planning
level
Affective
domain as
people are
doing
collective
work
Inter level as the
practices are followed
in all the neighboring
villages
Women
empowerment as
these small cottage
industries are run by
the women.
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28. LIVELIHOOD PRACTICES
Practices in integrated
Farming and aligned sector
Model of community
of practices followed
Knowledge
domain
Knowledge gained at
Intra level
 Agriculture highly dependent on
rainfall.
 Severely affected when there
there is high rainfall or low rainfall.
 This year Utrakhand and
Himachal Pradesh received very
less rainfall.
 Hence rural bank started
promoting integrated farming.
 Community members are working
closely with the government on
fish farming, horticulture, poultry
and dairy other than their Apple
cultivation.
Social action level.
The rural bank
promoted Integrated
farming. These banks
provide fund to start
Poultry or horticulture.
Skill
development.
Skill are being
upgraded in
the agriculture
field.
Latest farming technology
according to that region
being taught to the
people
 Techniques taught for Crop
Intensification.
 Polyhouses and 1108 vermin
compost pits are being promoted
by farmers by utilizing the
government grant until March
2012. Hence there is sustainable
Agricultural practices being
followed.
Social action level Skill domain
and affective
domain to
promote
sustainable
development.
People were made aware
about the various
government policies and
those are utilized for
sustainable agriculture
practices.
The practices are being
followed in the
neighboring villages
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29. HEALTH CARE PRACTICES
Practices in health care
Model of
community of
practices followed
Knowledge
domain
Knowledge gained at
Intra level
 People in hilly areas faces basic
hygiene and sanitation issues.
 For major health care facilities they
are depended on Chandigarh PGI.
 OPD and health care camps are
organized in village community
centers to promote general check
up of the villagers.
 To promote Adolescent Health &
Hygiene as well as HIV Health
preventative measures camps
were conducted in three Khas
Panchayats namely Malan,
Bhuned, and Chadi.
 Water Testing was conducted in
five Panchayats under the
Community Led Assessment,
Awareness, and Programme as
part of the Programme to measure
and reduce the carbon foot prints in
Himachal Pradesh.
Social action level .
NGO play very
important role in
promoting
awareness among
the villagers.
Government district
healthcare canters
and district hospitals
provide basic
medications.
Affective
knowledge
domain. People
understands the
importance of
hygiene and
sanitation in their
houses as well
as their entire
village.
People know
about their well
being
Various healthcare
facilities provided by the
government are being
utilized by the community.
Preventive measure are
being taught to the
Adolescent
Community understands
the importance to
drinking clean water and
are made aware about
the various waterborne
diseases.
 Cases are referred to Dr Rajendra
Prasad Medical College and
Hospital and Dharamshala Zonal
Hospital for further treatment and
investigations including
hospitalizations
Inter level knowledge
transfer. Hygienic
practices followed in near
by places.

30. knowledge
gained
Knowledge
domain
Social
Application
COMMUNITY PRACTICES
Different practices cater different
knowledge domain. This leads to the
socio economic development of the
individual as well as the entire
community.
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LEARNING PROCESS ANALYSIS
+ COMMUNITY
FACTORS

31. Strength
-Networking
-Problem solving
-Human, intellectual
and social investment
-Community focus
-Social cohesion
-Relationship of trust
-Balance of product
and process
Weakness
-Difficulties in
financial and
resource
infrastructure
-Interference of
government, NGO
and policy maker
-Inequality
Opportunity
-Knowledge transfer
-Wide spread
participation
-Community building
skills and vocational
skills
-Leadership
-Community control over
decision making
-Empowerment
Threat
-Lack of government
reorganization
-Lack of communication
system
-Financial and resource
infrastructure
-Lack of volunteer
participation
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SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength ,weakness would be internal factor and opportunity , threat would be external factors.
Strengths- internal positive attributes of the CoP that can facilitate activities.
Weaknesses- internal attributes of the CoP that may hinder achievement of its activities and
goals. Opportunities- external conditions that may facilitate activities of the CoP.
Threats- external conditions that may stand in the way of CoP activities

32. ISSUES IDENTIFIED
There are certain limitations of community of practices. These
drawbacks lead to the improper management and malfunctioning of the
self help group. These are-
 Lack of platform between the community and the government
agencies.
 Irregular attendance of the members
 Unable to engage or empower the women and the other unemployed
members
 Unable to get financial assistance from the government or the NGO.
 Equality issue
 Inter related members
 Caste and religion politics
 Economical inequality
 Defaulters
 Disputes between the members.
 Unfair leader selection.
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33.  Promoting the SHG(self help group ) NGO and government agencies should takes
special task of promoting, nurturing, strengthening and monitoring the SHG
 At different levels the Micro finance institute should be proposed to provide
economical growth of the different communities at different level.
 Community practices should be taught right from the school level so that at the early
stage people understand the value of togetherness and community responsibility. This
would lead to-
 College going students should provide volunteer services to develop communities
and promote awareness among the people.
 1. Making connections (between different people experiences, ideas, people,
contexts)
2. Using a range of sources and resources available by people
3. Offering a commentary on the process of learning
4 . Being able to plan, review, change strategy etc
5. Demonstrating curiosity and risk-taking.
 The focus should always be on inculcating the practices which covers cognitive,
effective and skilled knowledge domain.
 Many studies reveal that the community of practices promoted by the NGO and rural
banks relatively perform better.
Recommendations
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34. Architecture students can visit the different types of
communities and can teach them various ecofriendly
and energy saving practices like
• Use of recycled materials
• Use of local and regional materials
• Passive heating and cooling techniques
• Importance of indoor air quality
• Renewable energy practices
• Rain water harvesting
• Water saving strategies
• Waste reduction techniques
• Importance of natural ventilation and day lighting
• Color and its psychometric effect
• Awareness about the modern construction techniques
• Earthquake resistant techniques taught according to
the earthquake zone.
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Architecture recommendations

35. Architect can learn organizational skills through Community of Practices
and Architecture students can visit the different types of communities
and make them aware about the eco-friendly and sustainable
techniques.
Community of Practices to architecture
 Various organizational management techniques can be learned through
community of practices.
 Creating and sustaining an internal community of architects.
 Organizational planning
 Leadership roles for architects
 Ongoing training
 Succession planning
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Architecture
Community of
practices

36. SOCIAL BENEFITS
Man has always stayed in groups and formed community. The members of the
community gather together in different social occasions as well as have
meeting together to share their problems and find a solution, or to celebrate
their rituals in different occasions and share their experiences and knowledge.
The community practices leads to the social benefit of the people as well as
the entire community.
 Inclusion, equality of opportunity
and anti-discrimination
 Self-determination
 Partnership
 Self-determination
 Self-help
 Leadership Development
 Localization
 Integrated Delivery of Services
 Maximum Use of Resources
 Lifelong Learning
 Fighting with the social evils together
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37. • Social capital formation
• Faith-based community development
• Community-based participatoryresearch (CBPR)
• Community organizing
• Community economic development (CED)
• Sustainable development
• Sanitation and hygiene.
• Health care
• Women Self-help Group
• Community capacity building
Divided we fall, united we stand
Organizing is about empowering. When people unite together, and get
involved in community organization, they develop confidence. This
empowerment comes when people learn skills to help themselves and others.
The collective action helps in community building.
The community organization recognizes the power of individual. It believes,
that through the collective strength of the people, better teamwork and
adoption of scientific methods,
can provide comprehensive solutions to social
problems.
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38. ECONOMIC BENIFITS
Encourage group members of the community to make a regular
saving and then using the deposited amount to credit a new
investment or to borrow it to other members. This leads to-
•Women Self-help Group
•Empowerment
• Credit from rural bank
• Vocational training
• Sustainable development
•Community-driven
development(CDD)
•Asset-based community
development(ABCD)
•Association from the rural bank
Working of SHG
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39. There has been an impressive socio economic gain made by community of
practices through the self help groups. The linkage program provides rural
population with financial services, trainings hence empowering them.
As the saying-
Features-
 Provides local identity, character and culture through a diversity of programmes
and content
 Promotes sharing of community resources, issues concerns and events
 Highlights various community interest
 Sharing of local information, local ideas, experiences and local techniques
 Includes minority and marginalized community members
 Knowledge flows when people are connected
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CONCLUSIONS
Personal
Empowerment
Economic
Empowerment
Community Organizations
Community Participations