Communication Process Powerpoint for Oral Communication

L E S S O N 1
NATURE AND
PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
● define what communication is;
● explain the nature of communication; and
● describe the process of communication.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
“Why is communication an
essential human need?”

WARM UP!
1. Kindly get one tangible thing you have in
your house that you consider important to
you.
2. For a couple of minutes, think of the reason/s
why it is important. Be ready to share it in
class.
3. Be sure to introduce yourself in a creative

ETYMOLOGY
communis (commonness)
communicare (to share)

NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process.
Communication occurs between two or more
people.
Communication could be expressed as verbal
or non-verbal.

COMMUNICATION
•Transmission of ideas, thoughts, and
emotions…
•Uses verbal and non-verbal cues

STIMULUS
•the start of communication process
•an idea or concept the sender
would like to convey

ENCODING
•Putting idea into words

DECODING
•Accepting and interpreting
of the message

FEEDBACK
•The response of the
receiver

THINK ABOUT IT?
Communication is
not always successful.

COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
A communication breakdown is
defined as a failure to exchange
information, resulting in a lack
of communication.

NOISE
•Any barrier or hindrance
obstructing the
understanding of the message

Joan: Hi,Alyana! I haven’t seen you in a while. I
have something to ask.
Alyana: Oh hello!What is it?
Joan: Do we really have our quiz today?
(classmates started to talk)
Alyana: I didn’t hear you well. Can you say it
again?

•Communication is a process; it starts
with a stimulus, which is an idea or concept
that the sender has and would like to convey.
•The sender encodes the message by putting
it into words and then expresses the ideas in
proper sequence.
•This message is then accepted and
interpreted or decoded by the receiver.

•The receiver may or may not respond to
the sender. If the receiver chooses to
respond, then he or she will provide
feedback.
•When providing feedback, the receiver
then becomes the sender, and the first
sender then becomes the receiver of the
message.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
“Why is communication
an essential human need?”

Communication is an essential human need
because it allows us to convey our ideas and
feelings.
It is essential for humans to communicate
because doing so allows us to exchange ideas
with others and understand others’ viewpoints.

LET’S WRAP IT UP!
•Define communication in your own
words.
(minimum of 2 sentences)
•Write at least 5 important elements of
communication.
•How do you achieve effective or good

PERFORMANCE TASK #1
Present a short skit (5 mins)
which shows the nature and
process of communication.

L E S S O N 2 :
MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
S E P T E M B E R 1 2 , 2 0 2 0

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
•differentiate between the various models of
communication; and
•explain each model of communication.

L E S S O N 3
FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION

LESSON 2: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
A model is a representation of an object
or process through diagrams and
graphics.Therefore, a model of
communication is a representation of how
communication transpires.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
The three most well-known models for
communication are Linear, Interactive, and
Transactional.
Each model offers a different perspective
on the communication process.

COMMUNICATION MODELS
Linear Communication Model
• Shannon & Weaver Model
• Aristotle’s Model
•Interactive Model
• Schramm’s Model
• Osgood’s Model
Transactional Model
•Barnlund’s Model

A. LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• communication is considered one-way process
•a one-way communication model which disregards the
concept of barriers and feedbacks.
•no feedback
•can’t assess if the
communication is effective
• applied in mass communication
like television, radio, etc.

B. INTERACTIVE MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• deals with exchange of ideas and messages taking place both ways
from sender to receiver and vice-versa
• take place between humans or machines in both verbal or
non-verbal way
• This is a relatively new model
of communication for new
technologies like web.
(zoom, messenger, google meet, etc.yy)
• known as convergence model
• Slower feedback

C. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
•Transactional model of communication is the exchange of
messages between sender and receiver where each take turns to
send or receive messages. (simultaneous activity)
•both sender and receiver are
known as communicators
•The model is mostly used for
interpersonal communication
and is also called circular
model of communication.

COMPLETE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES BY
SUPPLYING THE MISSING WORD.
1. A ______________ of communication is a conceptual
representation used to explain the communication process.
2. The three general types of communication models are
__________________
5.The element of communication that is not taken into account in the
linear communication model is ______________.
6.A type communication model which uses modern technologies is
_______________
• 7. In transactional model, both sender and receiver are
known as ___________________

LINEAR, TRANSACTIONAL OR INTERACTIVE?
8. Listening to your favorite podcast in
Spotify.
9. Reading your favorite anime story
from the magazine.
10. Having chitchat with your best
friend.

CHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT
ANSWER.
1. Which functions of communication was
described in this situation:
Class Rule : Always conduct yourself politely
and respectfully.
A.control
B.social interaction
C.motivation
D.emotional expression
E. information dissemination

ANSWER.
“I’m so glad that you came into my life.”
A.control
B.social interaction
C.motivation

ANSWER.
3. It refers to the function of communication that
is used when the speaker wants to make other
aware of certain data, concepts, and processes.
A. control
B. social interaction
C. motivation

ANSWER.
“Would you like some coffee, tea, or me?”
A. control
C. motivation

ANSWER.
5. Which functions of communication was described in
this situation:
“For now, overcome your weaknesses and be
the best version of yourself.”
A. control
C. motivation

6. Which is an example of regulation and
control?
A.“It’s nice to meet you.”
B.“Clean your room, then you can play
basketball.”
C.“Where can I find the library?”
D.“Seychelles is one of the world’s smallest
countries.”

7. Which of the situations shows social
interaction?
A. Sir X tells his students to finish answering the
quiz.
B. Earl invites Margie for a coffee.
C. Joan tells her friend not to lose hope.
D.The teacher introduced Conditional Probability
to her class.

8. Which one has different function?
A.“We pray for those who mourn.”
B.“Thank you for coming into my life.”
C.“Keep quiet.”
D.“I’m so sorry for your loss.”

9.The city Mayor is sharing the data to the public,
“There are 50 families in our vicinity that are affected
by the typhoon Carina.” What function of
communication is shown in
the situation?
A. control
B. motivation
C. social interaction
D. information

10.Your friend is asking you to hang out
on he 21st
of August because it is a
holiday.
A. control
B. motivation
C. social interaction
D. information

DIRECTIONS: MATCH THE WORD IN COLUMN B WITH ITS DEFINITION IN COLUMN A.

CHOOSE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER.
1.What is verbal communication?
•A) Using body language to express ideas
•B) Expressing ideas through spoken or written
words
•C) Communicating through facial expressions
•D) Using gestures to convey messages

2.What is verbal communication?
•A) Using body language to express ideas
•B) Expressing ideas through spoken or written
words
•C) Communicating through facial expressions
•D) Using gestures to convey messages

3.Which type of non-verbal communication
involves using gestures to convey meaning?
•A) Paralanguage
•B) Haptics
•C) Kinesics
•D) Proxemics

4.Which of the following is an example of
proxemics in communication?
•A)The distance you maintain from someone during a
conversation
•B)The way you use your hands while speaking
•C) The tone of your voice
•D)The expressions on your face

5. Which of the following non-verbal cues is
often used to show agreement or interest?
•A) Crossing arms
•B) Nodding head
•C) Avoiding eye contact
•D) Shifting gaze frequently

6.What does haptics refer to in non-verbal
communication?
•A) The use of touch in communication
•B) The use of eye contact
•C) The use of facial expressions
•D) The use of space and distance

•7. What is a common non-verbal signal of
discomfort or anxiety?
•A) Leaning in
•B) Making direct eye contact
•C) Fidgeting or avoiding eye contact
•D) Smiling frequently

8.Which verbal communication technique
involves repeating back what someone has said
to ensure understanding?
•A) Summarizing
•B) Reflective listening
•C) Interrupting
•D) Paraphrasing

9. What is the term for non-verbal
communication cues that can be ambiguous and
culturally specific?
•A) Contextual cues
•B) Universal signals
•C) Cultural codes
•D) Non-verbal norms

10. In what way can posture affect verbal
communication?
•A) It can reinforce the message being conveyed
•B) It has no effect on verbal communication
•C) It contradicts the spoken message
•D) It is irrelevant to the message

WHAT FEELINGS ARE EVOKED IN THE LINES BELOW? TRY SAYING THEM OUT
LOUD AND FIGURE OUT HOW IT FEELS TO SAY THEM. CHOOSE YOUR ANSWERS
FROM THE WORDS LISTED INSIDE THE BOX AND WRITE IT ON THE BLANK JUST
BESIDE THE DIALOGUE BOX.
disinterested
annoyed
Proud
worried
angry
excited
11. Oh my, these puppies are
so lovable! Can I keep them?
12. How can you do this
to me?You said you will
always be my friend!

13. Okay. Sure.
Fine.
Whatever.
14. Can you please
stop calling me? I
am busy working
on my paper.
disinterested
annoyed
Proud
worried
angry
excited

disinterested
annoyed
Proud
worried
angry
excited
15. How come she’s
not here yet? It’s late.
Could something
have happened to
her?

COMMON TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
1.Physical Barriers: These are obstacles in the
environment that prevent communication, such as noise,
distance, or faulty equipment.
oExample: A bad phone connection causes you to miss
important details during a call.
2.Language Barriers: When the sender and receiver do
not share a common language or use jargon that is not
understood by both.
oExample: A medical professional uses technical terms
that a patient cannot understand.

3. Cultural Barriers: Differences in cultural
backgrounds, beliefs, and customs that lead to
misunderstandings.
–Example:A gesture that is friendly in one culture might be
offensive in another.
4. Emotional Barriers: Personal feelings like anger,
anxiety, or distrust that hinder open communication.
–Example:A person is too angry to listen to the other
person’s perspective.

5. Perceptual Barriers: Differences in how
individuals perceive and interpret information.
–Example:A manager’s constructive feedback is
perceived as criticism by an employee.
6. Psychological Barriers: Mental state or
psychological conditions that affect communication.
–Example: Someone with low self-esteem might
misinterpret neutral comments as negative.

7. Organizational Barriers: Structural issues within an
organization that obstruct communication, like rigid
hierarchies or poor management.
–Example: Employees at the lower levels of an organization
are not informed about key decisions made by top
management.
8. Semantic Barriers: Misinterpretation of words or
phrases that have different meanings to different people.
–Example:The word "table" could refer to furniture or an act

Situation: Maria is a project manager who works with
a team spread across different countries. During a
recent virtual meeting, she noticed that one of her
team members,Ahmed, seemed disengaged and
provided minimal input.After the meeting, Maria
realized that Ahmed may have misunderstood some of
the key points discussed because English is not his first
language.Additionally, the time zone difference made
Ahmed attend the meeting late at night, which might
have contributed to his lack of participation.

1.What type of barrier occurs when noise
interferes with the communication process?
•a) Emotional Barrier
•b) Physical Barrier
•c) Psychological Barrier
•d) Cultural Barrier

2.Which barrier is caused by the use of jargon or
technical language that the receiver cannot
understand?
• a) Language Barrier
• b) Organizational Barrier
• c) Perceptual Barrier
• d) Psychological Barrier

3.When a person’s feelings, such as anger or
anxiety, prevent effective communication, this
is known as a:
•a) Physical Barrier
•b) Emotional Barrier
•c) Cultural Barrier
•d) Semantic Barrier

4.A manager from the U.S. uses a thumbs-up
gesture, which is misinterpreted as offensive in
another culture.What type of barrier is this?
•a) Language Barrier
•b) Perceptual Barrier
•d) Organizational Barrier

5.Which barrier is characterized by structural
issues within an organization that hinder the
flow of information?
•a) Perceptual Barrier
•b) Emotional Barrier
•c) Organizational Barrier
•d) Physical Barrier

6.When a person interprets neutral feedback
as negative due to their own insecurities, what
kind of barrier is present?
•a) Psychological Barrier
•b) Semantic Barrier
•d) Physical Barrier

7. Differences in how people interpret the
same information can be attributed to which
barrier?
•a) Emotional Barrier
•b) Perceptual Barrier
•c) Physical Barrier
•d) Organizational Barrier

8.What type of barrier might occur when
employees are not informed about decisions
made by top management?
•a) Cultural Barrier
•b) Physical Barrier
•d) Psychological Barrier

9.When words or phrases are misinterpreted
due to having multiple meanings, this is known
as a:
•a) Physical Barrier
•b) Semantic Barrier
•c) Emotional Barrier
•d) Psychological Barrier

10.A doctor uses medical terms that the
patient does not understand.This is an
example of a:
•a) Perceptual Barrier
•b) Language Barrier
•d) Cultural Barrier

very demure…
very mindful…
very cutesy…

EVALUATION:
https://forms.gle/Xqt2HmdAHSgT5AY5A

A. DIRECTIONS: WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS
CORRECT AND FALSE IF IT IS NOT.
1. Communication breakdown can lead to a total cessation
of communication.
2. Nonverbal dimension encompasses the use of a language.
3. Misunderstanding occurs when oral and written are not in
agreement.
4. A gesture may have multiple meanings. __________
5. One’s experience is a factor in comprehending a message.

IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING. ANSWERS ONLY.
1.The use of ____________ means using over-complicated, unfamiliar
and/or technical terms.
2. Some people may find it difficult to express their ___________ and
some topics may be completely 'off-limits’ or 3. ___________.
4. Lack of __________, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the
receiver is also a barrier.
5. ______________ in perception and viewpoint may lead to
breakdown.
6-7 Give 2 examples of physical disabilities.
8.A _____________ communicator must be aware of these barriers and
try to reduce their impact by continually checking understanding and by
offering appropriate feedback.

Intercultural communication fosters
understanding and respect among people from
different cultural backgrounds, promoting
harmony in diverse environments. It helps
individuals navigate cultural differences, reduce
stereotypes, and build stronger relationships. In
everyday life, it enhances global competency and
encourages empathy, making interactions more
inclusive and meaningful.

The sociocultural dimension of
communication refers to how various social
and cultural factors influence communication
processes and outcomes. Sensitivity to these
dimensions is essential for effective
communication, as different cultures, genders,
ages, social statuses, and religions shape how
individuals perceive and engage in conversation.

1. Culture
Culture profoundly impacts communication
styles, language use, non-verbal cues, and the
interpretation of messages. Cultural
differences can create barriers or
opportunities for understanding, making it
essential to be aware of norms, values, and
beliefs in intercultural interactions.

2. Gender
Gender influences communication in
terms of roles, expectations, and
behaviors. Societal norms around gender
may affect how individuals express
themselves, the topics they discuss, and the
power dynamics present in conversations.

3.Age
Age can create generational
communication gaps, where language,
technology use, or cultural references
differ. Sensitivity to age-related differences
ensures respect and clarity in interactions
with younger or older individuals.

4. Social Status
Social status affects communication patterns,
particularly in hierarchical or formal settings.
People of different social standings may
employ different levels of formality, tone, and
even non-verbal communication.
Understanding social status dynamics fosters
respectful and effective communication.

5. Religion
Religious beliefs can shape perspectives on
life, ethics, and communication. Being
mindful of religious customs, practices, and
values is crucial to avoid misunderstandings
and to engage respectfully with individuals
of different faiths.

SELECT THE CORRESPONDING LETTER FOR THE CORRECT OPTION.
1.What is intercultural communication?
A. Communication between people of the same culture
B. Communication between people from different
cultural backgrounds
C. Communication that only involves nonverbal cues
D. Communication that focuses on formal language

2.Which of the following factors can most
impact intercultural communication?
A.Age
B. Gender
C. Social status
D.All of the above

3. How does culture affect communication?
A. It determines the language people speak
B. It influences the values, behaviors, and
interpretations of messages
C. It makes communication more complex
D. It has no effect on communication

4.What is an example of a communication
barrier related to religion?
A. Differences in work ethic
B. Language differences
C. Conflict over religious holidays and practices
D.Age difference between communicators

5.Which statement best describes the impact of age
on intercultural communication?
A. Age doesn’t affect communication at all
B. Older individuals always communicate better than
younger people
C. Different generations may have varying communication
styles and values
D.Younger people always misunderstand older individuals

6. In intercultural communication, gender
roles can differ across cultures.What is the
effect of these differences?
A.They may lead to misunderstandings and
stereotypes
B.They simplify communication
C.They have no significant effect on communication
D.They ensure everyone communicates the same way

7.Which of the following best describes
ethnocentrism in communication?
A.Viewing one’s own culture as superior to
others
B.Accepting all cultural differences
C.Trying to adopt another culture’s customs
D. Ignoring cultural differences

8.What is the role of social status in intercultural
communication?
A. It creates equal power dynamics between
communicators
B. It can create power imbalances and affect the flow of
communication
C. It ensures respect in all interactions
D. It has no impact on communication

9. How can sexual orientation influence
intercultural communication?
A. It never affects communication
B. It can lead to discrimination or exclusion in
certain cultures
C. It improves communication in all settings
D. It only affects romantic relationships

10.What does “high-context” communication
refer to?
A. Communication that relies heavily on explicit verbal
messages
B. Communication that depends more on non-verbal
cues, context, and shared understanding
C. Communication that uses complex words and phrases
D. Communication in formal settings

11.Which of the following best describes
cultural relativism?
A. Believing your culture is superior
B. Understanding that cultures have their own
values and behaviors
C. Rejecting all cultural traditions
D.Adopting another culture completely

12.When discussing ethnicity, how can
stereotypes create barriers in
communication?
A.They promote more accurate communication
B.They create generalizations that may lead to
misinterpretation
C.They help people better understand each other
D.They eliminate communication difficulties

13. How does language diversity affect
intercultural communication?
A. It simplifies communication
B. It often requires interpreters and translators to
avoid misunderstandings
C. It eliminates communication barriers completely
D. It has no effect on communication

14.What is an example of a gender
communication difference?
A. Men always speak more than women
B.Women prefer emotional communication while
men prefer factual communication
C.Women and men have the same communication
styles
D. Gender differences are not seen in any culture

15.Which of the following is a potential
cultural barrier in communication?
A. Shared cultural values
B. Different nonverbal cues
C. Mutual understanding
D. Common language

16.What is one way to improve intercultural
communication in a diverse environment?
A.Avoid discussing cultural differences
B.Assume everyone understands your point of
view
C. Develop cultural awareness and sensitivity
D. Focus only on verbal communication

17. In some cultures, maintaining direct eye
contact is considered disrespectful.This is an
example of how ____ affects communication.
A. Religion
B. Gender
C. Nonverbal communication and culture
D. Social status

18.Which of the following is a true statement
about communication across social statuses?
A. People from higher social statuses never face
communication barriers
B. Social status can create power dynamics that affect how
freely someone communicates
C. Social status doesn’t affect communication in any setting
D. Only people of low social status have communication
challenges

19.Which factor can complicate
intercultural communication in professional
settings?
A. Ethnocentrism and cultural stereotypes
B. Speaking the same language
C. Sharing similar work ethics
D.All of the above

20.What is the most effective way to
overcome barriers in intercultural
communication?
A.Assume that everyone will adapt to your culture
B.Avoid interaction with different cultures
C. Develop empathy, open-mindedness, and effective
listening
D. Use only written communication

1.Which speech style is often used
between close friends and family
members?
a) Formal
b) Casual
c) Consultative
d) Intimate

2. In which speech style would you typically
hear an exchange between a doctor and a
patient?
a) Intimate
b) Frozen
c) Consultative
d) Casual

3.Which speech style is used in scripted or
ceremonial situations, like in a wedding or a
legal proceeding?
a) Frozen
b) Casual
c) Consultative
d) Intimate

4.What speech style is used when
delivering a formal speech or
presentation?
a) Consultative
b) Formal
c) Casual
d) Intimate

5.When friends are casually talking
about their weekend plans, what speech
style is being used?
a) Frozen
b) Formal
c) Casual
d) Consultative

6.Which of the following speech styles
involves a two-way communication where
information is shared but not rehearsed?
a) Frozen
b) Consultative
c) Intimate
d) Casual

7.The use of personal language, inside
jokes, and incomplete sentences is most
common in which speech style?
a) Consultative
b) Intimate
c) Casual
d) Formal

8.A job interview typically uses which
speech style?
a) Frozen
b) Casual
c) Consultative
d) Formal

9.Which speech style is often seen in
academic lectures and professional
meetings?
a) Frozen
b) Consultative
c) Casual
d) Intimate

10.What are speech styles in oral
communication?
a) The level of formality in spoken language based
on the situation and relationship between speakers
b) The use of different accents in a conversation
c) The methods used to project the voice during
public speaking
d) The physical gestures used while communicating

11.Which speech style is rarely altered
and follows a set pattern or structure,
such as in a religious ceremony?
a) Formal
b) Casual
c) Frozen
d) Intimate

12.A speech delivered by a president
during an inauguration is an example of
what speech style?
a) Formal
b) Frozen
c) Consultative
d) Casual

13.Which speech style typically uses
structured, polished, and carefully chosen
words, such as in a business presentation?
a) Consultative
b) Casual
c) Formal
d) Intimate

14. In which speech style are the speakers
not too familiar with each other, yet they
still interact politely, such as in a classroom
discussion?
a) Casual
b) Frozen
c) Consultative
d) Intimate

15.Talking to someone you just met at a
social event would likely fall under which
speech style?
a) Formal
b) Frozen
c) Casual
d) Intimate

An Introduction To
Public Speaking
Quarter 2

Public Speaking
In this session we will be looking at…
 The importance of Planning & Preparation for
effective Public Speaking
 Define public speaking
 Identify some tips for more effective
presentations

Public Speaking
Public Speaking is a ‘formal’ face-
to-face communication method
where a person(s) uses the medium
of speech to Inform and/or
Influence a group of listeners (an
audience).
What is Public Speaking?

“If You Fail to Plan, You Are
Planning to Fail”
— Benjamin Franklin

Why is Public Speaking
an Important Skill to Have?
Public speaking is a great life skill to have as it is
necessary in many different areas.
●Class projects/reporting
●Job/internship presentations
●Club/organization meetings or events
●Speech at a family gathering such as a
wedding, birthday, anniversary, etc.

Planning & Preparation
All Public Speaking activities require
Planning & Preparation!
10% on Delivery
90%
On Planning
& Preparation
Before you can start to plan and
prepare the message and the
structure for your Public Speaking
activity you will need to consider
the…
 Purpose
 Audience
 Timings
Public
Speaking
Time
Allocation

Types of Speeches
According to Purpose

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
An informative speech is given for the purpose of
providing information about a topic to the
audience.To write an informative speech, you first
choose a topic- either one that you already know
about or one that you are willing to research and learn
about.Then, you outline and draft your informative
speech based on the topic, key points, and details and
information you want to give about your topic.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Make sure you catch your audience's
attention and that you summarize
key points and "take-aways" as you
go. The main types of informative
speeches include definition, descriptive,
explanatory, and demonstrative.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Examples:
1. College professor lecturing on a specific topic
during a class
2. Guest speaker presenting information to a group
of students about how to apply for college
3. Company president presenting information about
last quarter's sales to a group of board members

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
A persuasive speech is given for the purpose of
persuading the audience to feel a certain way, to take
a certain action, or to support a specific view or
cause.To write a persuasive speech, you choose a topic
about which people disagree or can have differing opinions.
Your persuasive argument will be made stronger if you can
demonstrate that you are passionate about the topic and
have a strong opinion one way or the other.Then, you outline
and draft your persuasive speech by taking a position on the
topic and outlining your support for your position.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Examples:
1.A teenager attempting to convince her parents that she
needs to be able to stay out until 11pm instead of 10pm
2.A student council president trying to convince school
administrators to allow the students to have a dance after
the final football game of the season
3.A lawyer giving a closing argument in court, arguing about
whether the defendant is innocent or guilty of the crime

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
“I said earlier that it would be far off from reality that poverty would be solved,
why? Because first, we should identify the cause of poverty and from there it
would be solved. So what do you think the cause ladies and gentlemen? Is it
overpopulation? Unemployment? Pollution? Lack of education? Poor governance?
Or is it corruption? Ladies and gentlemen all of these are the causes and who
should we blame? Who do you think we should blame? The government?Yes,
certainly it is. But who’s more to blame are the citizens.Yes, it is us. Every Filipino,
every people are to blame and why it is us? Just imagine if all people have proper
discipline, what would our country be? A nice, clean, peaceful country.
Who wouldn't want to see a Philippines like that? No pollution, less crime, no
corruption. For only if its people are disciplined, the politicians, the workers,
professionals, students, the old ones and even kids, this country could be
developed and fight for poverty.”

SOURCE: 2016 WORLD CHAMPION OF PUBLIC SPEAKING,
DARREN TAY WEN JIE

INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH
Inspirational Speech is a kind of speech
that convinces people they can succeed
in life.This speech includes uplifting stories
that the speaker thinks the people listening to
it will be moved and inspired to do greater
and better things in their life.

INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH
"When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: 'If
you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most
certainly be right.' It made an impression on me, and since
then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror
every morning and asked myself: 'If today were the last day
of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do
today?' And whenever the answer has been 'No' for too
many days in a row, I know I need to change something.“
Source: 13 Inspiring Graduation Speeches and How toWrite One | Fairygodboss

ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
The primary purpose of the speech is to
entertain, to have the audience relax, smile
and enjoy the occasion.The speech should have a
central theme or a focus.The sole purpose is to
have the audience enjoy the presentation.There are
many ways to entertain the audience. You can tell
jokes, tell funny stories, dramatize an anecdote tell a
scary story.

•(a) I will turn my paper in on Friday. (said by
student to instructor)
•i. commisive
•ii. to promise

DIRECTIONS. WRITE THE TYPE OF SPEECH THAT
IS APPROPRIATE FOR THE FOLLOWING.
1.To teach the audience the importance of exercise.
2.To have the audience be amused by a dance
performance.
3.To have the audience understand cultural diversities
4.To have the audience support the school project
5.To have the audience participate in an anti-pollution.

DIRECTIONS. WRITE THE TYPE OF SPEECH THAT
IS APPROPRIATE FOR THE FOLLOWING.
6.To have the audience start a small business.
7.To encourage the audience attend a concert.
8.To explain the importance of family bonding.
9.To teach the audience the importance of
exercise.
10.To have the audience be amused by a dance

1. Communication is derived as a process by
which ideas, thoughts, feelings, emotion,
information passes through
a) symbols
b) behavior
c) signs
d) all of the above

2. One of the most basic functions of communication
provides data and information for effective completion
of tasks, solution of problems, and elimination of
uncertainty.
a) social interaction
b) emotional expression
c) information dissemination
d) control

3. What 7 Cs refers to ensuring what you’re saying
is communicated clearly and with no room for
misunderstanding.
•a) concise
•b) clarity
•c) concreteness
•d) None of the above

4. The __________is the one who receives
the message.
•a) channel
•b) sender
•c) receiver
•d) barrier

5. A model of communication which
considered one-way process and disregards
the concept of barriers and feedbacks.
•a) linear
•b) transactional
•c) interactive

6. This is a relatively new model of
communication for new technologies like
web
•a) linear
•b) transactional
•c) interactive

7. It happens when someone talks to you using his
own lingo which makes the conversation
ineffective.
•a. Physical barrier
•b. Language barrier
•c. Physiological barrier
•d. psychological barrier

8. This function of communication facilitates
people’s expression of their emotions.
•a. social interaction
•b) information dissemination
•c) Motivation
•d) emotional expression

9. It is the medium that transmits the signal from
the transmitter to the receiver.
•a) channel
•b) receiver
•c) messenger
•d) television

10. Communication is a process.
•a. true
•b. false
•c. none of the above

11. In communication, it is a process of putting
idea into words.
•a. encoding
•b. decoding
•c. stimulus
•d. message

12. The use of ____________ means using
over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical
terms.
•a. jargon
•b. technology
•c. notes
•d. distractions

13.A _________ speech is given for the
purpose of persuading the audience to feel a
certain way, to take a certain action, or to
support a specific view or cause.
a. Inspirational
b. Persuasive
c. informative

14-15. Enumerate at least 2
speech context.

16. Any barrier or hindrance
obstructing the understanding
of the message is called
n_______

17. Which of the following statements show a
commissive speech act?
A. “I want to eat some cake.”
B. “She went out!”
C. “I’ll be here tomorrow at 6pm.”
D. “I’m sorry I was so angry at you yesterday.”

18. A communication that takes place through
television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books,
billboards, internet, and other types of media is called
_________________.
A. Intercommunication
B. Dyadic
C. Mass communication
D. public

19. Which of the following communicative
strategies refer to any limitation you may have
as a speaker?
A. nomination C. termination
B. restriction D. topic-control

19. The third level of communication it’s a style
characterized by a semi-formal vocabulary, often
unplanned and reliant on the listener’s responses and
overall participation.
A. Intimate
B. Casual
C. Consultative
D. frozen

20. The concept of Speech Acts was first developed
by __________ (How To Do Things With Words, 1962) and
elaborated by John Searle (Speech Acts, 1969).
a. Martin Joos
b. J.L. Austin
c. John Meyer
d. Robert Frost

INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following statements carefully
and identify what communicative
strategy each sentence suggests.
Choose from the choices given.

NOMINATION
RESTRICTION
REPAIR
1.The speaker will always try to
address and correct the problem
in understanding the conversation.

TURN-TAKING
RESTRICTION
TERMINATION
2.The speaker has to end the
conversation with no confusion.

NOMINATION
RESTRICTION
REPAIR
3. Each member in a group must
share their idea.

TURN-TAKING
TOPIC SHIFTING
TOPIC CONTROL
4.A sudden change of topic
which has no connection from the
previous conversation.

NOMINATION
RESTRICTION
REPAIR
5.The speaker leads the start
of conversation.

TRUE OR FALSE
6. Nomination is a communicative
strategy wherein the speaker freely
opens a topic to start the conversation.

TRUE OR FALSE
7.To repair a problem in
communication wherein everyone in the
group is speaking at same time, someone
must take initiative to get the
conversation back to its subject matter.

TRUE OR FALSE
8. Proper closing of
conversation is to walk away
from the circle since it is done.

TRUE OR FALSE
9. Good communication
strengthens relationship.

TRUE OR FALSE
10. Communication is complex
which somehow leads to
misunderstanding.

Identify what strategy is
used in each of the
following statements.

11. "That's it for today's
topic, I'll see you next
week."

12. "I'm sorry, could you
repeat your question
please? I didn't hear it
quite clearly. Thanks"

13. “What can you say
about our upcoming
examination?”

14. "Please hear me
out, I need to tell you
something"

15. “The correct
pronunciation of Nike is
not “nayk” but “nayki”.

PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH WRITING
Uses principles of effective speech writing focusing
on:
• Audience profile
• Logical organization
• Duration

Most of the speakers avoid using a written
speech because they believe that reading
makes them feel uncomfortable and stiff. In
contrast, others can’t deliver a speech until
they have a well-written script in their hand.
The success of a speech depends on both
careful preparation and effective
presentation. Hence, speech writing is very
important.

HOW?
•Writing a speech should not be a nail-biting
or anxiety-provoking experience. If you
learn the basic speech format, you can easily
write an incredible speech.
•This step-by-step guide on speech format can
make this nerve-racking task simple and
straightforward.

The basic speech format is
very simple. It only consists
of three parts: an
introduction, a body, and
a conclusion. In order to
deliver an effective and
influential speech, you need
to do both; careful
preparation and a careful
presentation.

SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
Conducting an audience analysis
Determining the purpose of the
speech
Selecting a topic
Narrowing down a topic
Gathering data

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
Demography
• age range
• male-female ratio
• educational background
• nationality
• economic status
• academic or corporate designation

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
Situation
• time
• venue
• occasion
• size

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
•Psychology
• values
• beliefs
• attitude
• preferences
• cultural and racial ideologies
• needs

PURPOSE
Informative Speech
Entertainment Speech
Persuasive Speech
Motivational Speech

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Provides the audience with a clear
understanding of the concept or
idea presented by the speaker.

ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
provides the audience with
amusement

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Provides the audience with well-
argued ideas that can influence their
own beliefs and decisions.

MOTIVATIONAL SPEECH
is a public speech intended to inspire
an audience to make a change in their
lives. It usually has a clear purpose, a
personal story written for a specific
audience and a conclusion that includes a
call to action.

SELECTING A TOPIC
Choose a topic which you’re interested to.
 Narrowing down a topic
-Making your main idea more specific
 Data gathering
-Collecting ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant and related to the topic.

TOPIC:
"THE ROLE OF YOUTH
IN NATION-BUILDING
THROUGH CIVIC
ENGAGEMENT"

I. Narrowing Down:
•Focus on how students can contribute to
nation-building.
•Highlight specific civic engagements such
as volunteerism, voting, or activism.
•Discuss the impact of youth voices in
social, environmental, or political
movements.

II. Making the Main Idea More
Specific:
•The speech could focus on one specific
area, like "EncouragingYouth
Participation in Environmental
Advocacy" or "How Social Media
Amplifies theYouth's Role in
Political Movements."

III. Data Gathering:
•Research statistics on youth involvement in
civic activities.
•Look for real-life examples of young leaders
or movements.
•Gather quotes or ideas from youth activists
or government policies promoting youth
engagement.

WRITING PATTERNS
 Biographical
• presents descriptions of the life of a person
 Categorical/ Topical
• presents related categories supporting the
topic
 Casual
• Presents cause-effect relationship

WRITING PATTERNS
Chronological
• Presents the idea in time order
Comparison/ Contrast
• Presents comparison/contrast of two or three
points
Problem-solution
• Presents an identified problem, its causes, and
recommended solutions

PREPARING AN OUTLINE
Outline – a hierarchical list that shows the
relationship of your ideas.
•Introduction
•Body
•Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
-Foundation of the speech
-Here, the goal is to get the
attention of the audience and
present the subject or main
idea of your speech.

BODY OF SPEECH
-Provides explanations,
examples, or any details
that can help you deliver
your purpose and
explain the main idea of
your speech

CONCLUSION
-Restates the main idea of the
speech.
-Provides a summary,
emphasizes the message, and
calls for action.
-Aims to leave the audience
with a memorable statement.

EDITING/REVISING
Involves correcting errors in
mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others

•My favorite color is black. I
love to swim every Sunday.
You know what, there’s a
typhoon coming. Oh my! I
had a new phone.

SIX POWER PRINCIPLES FOR
SPEECH EDITING
According to Andrew Dlugan (2013)
o Edit for Focus
o Edit for Clarity
o Edit for Conclusion
o Edit for Continuity
o Edit forVariety
o Edit for Impact and Beauty

•The Importance of Education in Nation-Building
•Youth Empowerment: Shaping the Future of
the Philippines
•The Role of Technology in Modern Education
•Mental Health Awareness Among Filipino Youth
•The Effects of Social Media on Relationships
and Communication
•Sustainable Development Goals: What Can
We Do?

•The Value of Volunteering and Community Service
•Gender Equality: Progress and Challenges in the
Philippines
•The Importance of Financial Literacy for Young
Adults
•Navigating Career Choices: Dreams vs. Reality
•The Impact of Sports on Youth Development
•Environmental Conservation: Our Responsibility as
Citizens
•Leadership Skills: Developing Future Leaders of the
Philippines

They say smoking is dangerous to
your health. I am Juan dela Cruz from
11-Sharp and today I will talk about the
effect of smoking.

“Hey!You are ugly!” You can not make it!”
These are the words that I always hear
whenever I enter the classroom.This Juan dela
Cruz from 11-Sharp and today I will talk about
bullying.

1.What is the first step in writing a
speech?
A. Editing the content
B.Writing the conclusion
C.Analyzing the audience
D. Delivering the speech

2.Which of the following is a type of speech
that aims to apprise the audience?
•A. Informative
•B. Persuasive
•C. Entertainment
•D. Special occasion

3.What is the main goal of a persuasive
speech?
•A.To entertain the audience
•B.To convince the audience
•C.To provide information
•D.To tell a story

4.Which part of the speech introduces the main
idea and captures the audience's attention?
•A. Body
•B. Conclusion
•C. Introduction
•D.Thesis statement

5.What is the purpose of an informative
speech?
•A.To convince the audience of an idea
•B.To entertain the audience
•C.To share knowledge and facts
•D.To evoke emotions

6.Which type of speech is commonly used
during wedding toasts or eulogies?
•A. Persuasive
•B. Informative
•C. Special occasion
•D. Demonstrative

7.What is the final part of a speech that
reinforces the message and leaves a lasting
impact?
•A. Introduction
•B. Conclusion
•C. Body

8. In which type of speech does the speaker try to
influence the opinions, beliefs, or actions of the
audience?
•A. Informative
•B. Persuasive
•C. Demonstrative
•D. Entertainment

9.What is the purpose of the body of a
speech?
•A.To introduce the topic
•B.To provide supporting points and evidence
•C.To summarize the main points
•D.To make the audience laugh

10.Which type of speech is designed to amuse
or provide enjoyment to the audience?
•A. Persuasive
•B. Informative
•C. Entertainment
•D. Demonstrative

11.What technique can be used to capture the
audience's attention at the start of a speech?
•A. Presenting data
•B.Telling a personal story
•C. Repeating the topic
•D. Listing the main points

12.Why is it important to include transitions
in your speech?
•A.To make it longer
•B.To create a smooth flow between ideas
•C.To introduce new arguments
•D.To conclude sections

13.Why is using an outline important in
speech writing?
•A. It helps with memorization
•B. It ensures the speech is delivered with
enthusiasm
•C. It provides a clear structure and organizes ideas
logically
•D. It makes the speech shorter

14.Which of the following is the most
common method of organizing an outline in
speech writing?
•A. Chronological order
•B.Alphabetical order
•C. Random order
•D.Word count order

15. In a speech outline, what part
typically contains the supporting details
for the main points?
•A. Conclusion
•B. Body
•C. Introduction

II. TRUE OR FALSE
16. The introduction is the shortest part of the speech.
17. An informative speech should include personal
opinions and beliefs.
18. A good conclusion should only restate the thesis
without offering a call to action.
19. The body of the speech contains the majority of the
content and key points.
20. Persuasive speeches should use emotional appeals
and logical evidence.

13. Filipinos are known as sports
lover. I, myself, am one of them.
I hope you love too. Don’t you?

1. Speech Writing
2. outline
3. 3-5 introduction, body, conclusion
6. Informative
7. Persuasive
8. Motivational/motivation
9.True
10. False

1.Volume refers to the
loudness and softness
in speech delivery.

2. Articulation refers to
the words that should be
forceful and be given
ephasis.

Allocation
Alliteration
Articulation
Association

3. Body gestures refers to
the movements that
should be done in
delivering speech.

4. Eye contact is
important to establish
relationship with the
audience.

5.What do call the script
that you will read in
speech delivery?
Manuscript

6. Practice is
important before
delivering your speech.

7. Focusing on your
outline is important.
True or False?

8. Reading from a
manuscript is not
engaging. True or False?

9.Your speech must be
substantial and
informative regardless its
length. True or false?

10. Correcting grammars
will help you deliver a
good speech. True or
false?

•1. A speaker who appears in extremely conservative
dress and uses an emotionally charged style of
delivery to give a speech about abortion may be
perceived by the audience as lacking:
• a. Credibility
• b. Competence
• c. Objectivity
• d. Status

•2. All of the following are suggestions for delivering a
speech using a manuscript except:
• a. Concentrate on ideas, not individual words.
• b. As you finish each page, put it under the podium.
• c. Practice in advance so you know the speech well.
• d. Be sure that last-minute additions do not clutter
the manuscript.

•3. Changes in pitch while speaking is called:
• a. Inflection
• b. Rhythm
• c. Articulation
• d. Enunciation

•4. All of the following are means of conveying a
sense of composure except:
• a. Taking control of silence
• b. Achieving fluency
• c. Controlling posture and body movements
• d. Using emotional displays

•5. ___ refers to the phonetic sounds of language,
while ___ refers to the patterns of speech in a
particular region or part of a country.
• a. Accent / Dialect
• b. Dialect / Accent
• c. Enunciation / Pronunciation
• d. Pronunciation / Enunciation

•6. In a standard one-point speech, the speaker
moves between giving or reminding the
audience of the point of the speech and
illustrating that point with supporting evidence.
• a. True
• b. False

•7. For memorized speeches, it is generally
recommended that you focus on memorizing
the language or wording rather than the
sequencing.
• a. True
• b. False

•8. Vocal fillers, such as uh and um,
are indicators of a lack of fluency.
• a. True
• b. False

•9. Increased status, which could be
conveyed through more formal dress, may
come at the expense of decreased
immediacy.
• a. True
• b. False

•10. Silence and pauses in a
speech are indicators of a lack of
credibility.
• a. True
• b. False

The __________ speech format is often used for formal
occasions, such as ceremonies, where every word is pre-
written. Effective speakers often vary their __________
to emphasize key points and maintain audience
engagement. An __________ speech requires quick
thinking and the ability to organize thoughts on the spot.
Proper use of __________ can enhance the message
being delivered and provide visual reinforcement.The
__________ rate of speech can influence how well the
audience understands the content.

Communication Process Powerpoint for Oral Communication

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