- More than 230 million people undergo surgery each year worldwide, and postoperative pain is common, causing patient suffering. Chronic pain after surgery can lead to sleep issues, depression, and disability. - Healthcare providers need to design "comfort contracts" for managing postsurgical pain in patients at home after discharge, since most do not stay in the hospital long enough to fully recover from pain. These contracts provide adherence and follow-up plans. - Inadequate treatment of acute postoperative pain has been linked to development of chronic pain. Improving communication between doctors and patients and increasing professional education on pain management can help address this issue.

1. Comfort contract
Reply to this post with at least 300 words, scholarly references in APA format within the
last 5 years published. It is projected that more than 230 million individuals worldwide
undergo surgical procedures each year, and this figure is expected to climb further
(Schuitevoerder et al., 2020). In most situations, surgery is to blame for postoperative pain,
which must be relieved as soon as feasible and as efficiently as possible in order to reduce
patient suffering, accelerate the healing process, improve patient satisfaction, and prevent
subsequent health risks. The majority of people have some level of pain following surgery.
Pain can be classified as acute, chronic, or severe, and it is usually the result of tissue
damage caused by surgical treatments. Chronic pain raises the likelihood of an individual
experiencing sleep difficulties, depression, and incapacity (Soltani et al., 2019). Despite the
poor efficacy of medical treatments, the usage of prescription-only analgesics has increased
in recent years. As a result, it is critical to assess the efficacy of treatments that do not
include the use of medications. In line with the above sentiments, healthcare
providers must design comfort contracts that are aimed at managing postsurgical pain for
patients at home. Since most patients do not stay in the hospital long enough to fully
recover from their pain after surgery, there is a need to be some form of contract that
patients are expected to adhere to. This is important when the patients discharged still feel
pain following previous surgery. Such contracts are effective in adherence and follow-up
plans to help the patient fully recover from these postoperative pain and
discomforts. Prescribing the Expected Levels of Postsurgical ComfortThe
pathophysiological mechanisms that occur as a result of tissue injury suggest that acute
discomfort may become chronic. Irritation at the site of tissue injury activates a flood of
afferent nociceptors, sensitizing both the peripheral and central nervous systems. As a
result, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, pain pathways, and sympathetic nervous system
all undergo functional alterations. Specific receptor sites, such as the N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor, appear to play an important role in post-injury pain (Pan et al., 2022). Pain
management measures may be required when persistent pain is caused by a continuing
inflammatory response or is the outcome of neuropathological abnormalities. Perioperative
physicians who specialize in anesthesia should assume the role of leaders in this situation in
order to appreciate and apply pain control methods fully.Although postoperative pain
should be controlled as soon as possible, clinical pain therapy after surgery remains
unsuccessful, despite the rapid increase of scientific and empirical knowledge in this field.
The vast majority of people who have undergone surgical therapy still report intense pain.

2. Worse, a significant proportion of people may suffer from chronic pain that goes unnoticed
by the medical community. Inadequate treatment of acute postoperative pain has been
linked to the development of chronic pain, at least in part.Inadequate translation of primary
and clinical research findings into evidence-based therapeutic practices has been identified
as a major contributor to undertreatment (Brewer et al., 2022). For example, the agony one
feels following surgery is a rather unique occurrence. This could be the outcome of a single
inflammatory process, or it could be the result of a single nerve injury. It is critical to
understand that the pathophysiology of postoperative pain is unique to each individual and
that the consequences may vary, even though inflammation and brain tissue destruction are
frequent occurrences. However, intervention strategies in actual clinical settings still need
to be based on research findings.Relieving Chronic Discomfort Pain at
Home Ineffective post-operative acute pain management can contribute to a variety of
adverse medical outcomes, including pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, infection, and
delayed healing. As a result, it is critical that all surgical patients receive enough pain
medicine. However, there is evidence that this is not the case at the moment; between 10%
and 50% of patients who undergo routine procedures experience chronic pain, and a recent
study conducted in the United States discovered that more than 80% of patients experience
post-operative pain (Blanco et al., 2022).During the first meeting of the Change Pain
Advisory Board’s acute chapter, the board identified four major areas for improvement in
post-operative pain management. To begin with, patients should have a greater say in
treatment decisions, particularly when life-threatening options are being explored. To be
relevant, the audience must be presented with pertinent information so that they are aware
of all possible possibilities. Communication between the doctor and the patient is also
essential. Second, increasing the quantity of professional education and training obtained by
the interdisciplinary pain management team members would result in an extension of their
skill set and body of knowledge, hence improving the quality of care provided to
patients.Relaxation is an example of a non-pharmacological treatment that is increasingly
being acknowledged as an intervention for pain reduction and pain management (Hu et al.,
2021). A relaxed mood is frequently accompanied by emotions of mental and physical
wellness, as well as tranquility. The goal of relaxation techniques is to elicit a relaxation
response, which is the inverse of the stress reaction. This is done to suppress the
sympathetic nervous system, which is stimulated by stress. There is a link between using
relaxation techniques and lower blood pressure, oxygen consumption, respiratory
frequency, heart rate, and muscle tension. Relaxation techniques have various physiological
impacts, including lower cortisol levels and suppression of inflammatory processes.
Relaxation is an effective strategy for dealing with stress and anxiety.ReferencesBlanco
López, M. A., Diniz Freitas, M., Limeres Pose, J., Hernández, G., & López‐Pintor, R. M. (2022).
Oral health status and dental care for individuals with visual impairment. A narrative
review. Special Care in Dentistry.Brewer, S. K., Davis, J. M., Singh, R., & Welch, L. C. (2022).
Establishing evidence-based pharmacologic treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome:
A retrospective case study. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 6(1), e96.Hu, Y., Lu,
H., Huang, J., & Zang, Y. (2021). Efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological interventions for
labor pain management: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis. Journal

3. of Clinical Nursing, 30(23-24), 3398-3414.Pan, L., Li, T., Wang, R., Deng, W., Pu, H., & Deng,
M. (2022). Roles of phosphorylation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in chronic pain.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 1-21.Schuitevoerder, D., Sherman, S. K., Izquierdo, F. J.,
Eng, O. S., & Turaga, K. K. (2020). Assessment of the surgical workforce pertaining to
cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the United States.
Annals of Surgical Oncology, 27(9), 3097-3102.Soltani, S., Kopala-Sibley, D. C., & Noel, M.
(2019). The co-occurrence of pediatric chronic pain and depression. The Clinical Journal of
Pain, 35(7), 633–643.PermalinkReply