1. POLAND KRAKÓW

2. Republic of POLAND
• Location: Central Europe
• Capital city: Warsaw
• Member of European Union since 2004
• Area: 312,685 km2 (water: 3.07%)
• Population: ~38 mln
• Terrain: mostly flat, mountains on the south
• Coastline with Baltic sea: ~491km

3. Kraków
• Second biggest city in Poland (after Warsaw)
• Lies in the southern part of Poland, on the Vistula River (Wisła) 219 m above
sea level
• City area: 327 km2
• Population (31 December 2011): ~756 000 (~1,400,000 in metropolitan area)
• Density: ~2,300 / km2

4. GABRIELA | KAROLINA | WERONIKA |
MACIEK VIII PALO

5. Water sources
• Possible water production per day – 297.4 thousand m 3
• Total length of water supply network – 2056 km
• Estimated number of citizens exploiting from the water
supply network - 99.5%

7. Water Treatment Plants (WTP) in Kraków
• The “Bielany” WTP - Zbiornik Dobczycki
• The “Rudawa” WTP - Rudawa river – Podkamyk reservoir
• The “Dłubnia” WTP – Dłubnia river and Mistrzejowice deep
wells
• The “Raba” WTP – Sanka river

9. Water distribution

10. Water production 2007-2011

11. Process of water purification

12. Process of water purification
• The process of purification and of becoming drinking water
for our school takes place in ZUW (place of water
conditioning) Raba. It consists in mixing water with ozone,
coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection.
• Mixing water with ozone is one of the ways of disinfection
of water. It provides microbiological purity of water.
• Coagulation consists in joining of colloidal molecules
present in water into larger aggregates that falls down
rapidly. As a result a precipitate is created and above it
there is a clear water.

13. Process of water purification
• Colloids – natural elements of water coming of mineral or organic
origin which cause the opacity and influence the colour of water.
• Sedimentation – the process of self-acting subsiding of particles
present if water if their density is greater than the density of water.
• During the filtration water is put through a filter that puts a physical
barriers of undesirable particles
• Disinfection consists in deactivation and destruction of killing and
pathogenic particles. It results in termination of their growth and
reproduction.

14. Sources of water in Kraków
<http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl/> Definitions taken from <http://zasoby.open.agh.edu.pl/> and <
http://www.lenntech.com>

16. ZUW RABA
(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

17. ZUW RABA
(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

18. Quality of water in Kraków

19. OCCUPATIONAL
PLACE OF WATER CONDITIONING EXPOSURE LIMIT according
WATER QUALITY to the norm of
UNIT
INDEX
RABA RUDAWA DŁUBNIA BIELANY Poland EU
colour mg Pt/l 2 1 2 2 BNZ (15)5 accept.
opacity NTU 0,15 0,11 0,17 0,21 1 accept.
pH 7,90 7,51 7,54 7,52 6,5-9,5 6,5-9,5
tendency to oxidise with
mg/l 1,0 <0,5 1,0 1,0 5 5
KMnO4
chlorides mg/l 15,3 27,4 25,8 43,4 250 250
ammonium ions mg/l <0,02 <0,02 0,022 0,025 0,5 0,5
nitrites mg/l <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 <0,01 0,5 0,5
nitrates mg/l 7,6 13,2 17,8 11,3 50 50
general hardness mg/l 128 259 298 281 60-500 -
calcium mg/l 41,2 95,6 104,2 101,0 - -
magnesium mg/l 5,1 10,5 9,2 10,8 125 -
iron mg/l <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 <0,025 0,2 0,2
manganese mg/l <0,015 <0,015 <0,015 <0,015 0,05 0,05
copper mg/l <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 0,006 2,0 2,0
chromium mg/l <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 <0,005 0,05 0,05
nickel mg/l <0,006 <0,006 <0,006 <0,006 0,02 0,02
cadmium mg/l <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 0,005 0,005
THM µg/l <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 150 100
chloroform µg/l <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 <0,1 30 -
PAH µg/l <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 <0,002 0,1 0,1
benzopyrene µg/l <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 <0,003 0,01 0,01
Escherichia coli CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
Enterococcus faecalis CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
Clostridium perfringens CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0
overall number of bacteria
CFU/1 ml 1 0 1 1 BNZ (100)5 BNZ
at 220C after 72 h
Statistics taken from:
<http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl/upload/Subpages/komunikat_20_VIII_2012.pdf>, the state from 2.07 – 20.08.2012)

20. The hardness of water in Kraków

21. AREA OF
HARDNESS OF WATER IN THE WATER SYSTEM OF KRAKÓW
SUPPLY
ZUW RABA ZUW RUDAWA ZUW DŁUBNIA ZUW BIELANY
UNIT
average max average max average max average max
mg CaCO3/dm3 128 134 259 263 298 308 281 295
mmol/dm3 1,28 1,34 2,59 2,63 2,98 3,08 2,81 2,95
mval/dm3 2,56 2,68 5,18 5,26 5,96 6,16 5,62 5,9
German Degrees [0N] 7,17 7,51 14,51 14,70 16,69 17,25 15,74 16,52
English Degrees [0A] 8,96 9,38 18,13 18,41 20,86 21,56 19,67 20,65
French Degrees [0F] 12,8 13,4 25,9 26,3 29,8 30,8 28,1 29,5

22. Quantity of water in Poland

23. POLAND EUROPE
AVERAGE AMOUNT OF
WATER PER CAPITA 1660 m3 4560 m3
Data taken from < http://www.ekoportal.gov.pl>, 21. 10. 2012 and <http://iche2002.pl/>, 22. 10. 2012.
Map of Poland taken from < http://www.adam.krynicki.net/lo/mapy/pol_rzeki1.jpg>

24. Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

25. Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

26. Wisła - the biggest river in Poland

27. ZUW RABA
(taken from <http://www.wodociagi.krakow.pl>

28. Is water from our taps drinkable?
• YES!
• but... there is still a common conviction that it should not
be drunk without boiling, otherwise it may be dangerous
• Even though bottled water market is doing well - in
general there is a broad variety of tastes (depending on
water source)

30. Industrial water treatment
• In Kraków there are six waste water treatment institutions.
• Two main : „Płaszów” and „Kujawy” and four small local
ones : „Bielany” , „Łęg” , „Kliny” and „Dąbie”.
• „Płaszów” is the biggest and the oldest, it is one of the first
water treatment institutions in Poland.
• „Kujawy” is right after „Płaszów”, before year 2003 it used to
be the most modern institution in whole region of Poland, now
„Płaszów” institution extension has been finished

31. „Płaszów”

32. „Płaszów”
• It used to purify water mechanically, but now after
modernization from 2003-2007,is more
environmental friendly and purified in biological
ways
• It supports needs of over 780 thousands of
Kraków inhabitants.
• Average daily flow of sewage is about 165 000m3

33. „Kujawy”
•From the beginning which is 1999
purifies water in biological ways
•Average daily flow is about 52 000 m3

34. „Kujawy”

35. On the next slide you can see map of
a sewage system in Kraków.
Our school is also marked on the
map.

37. The green line represents the way that
water has to travel to the nearest industrial
water treatment

38. A few facts about sewage system in
our city
• It consists of two independent parts which end
in different industrial water treatment
institutions
• It is about 1680 km long and still growing
• Soon with growth of agglomeration of Kraków
we will reach sewage capacity limits.