The three scripts provide comedic situations:
1) Two men dressed in black attempt to rob a store but are revealed to just have acne and need medicine.
2) An elderly man soaks people waiting at a bus stop by splashing them with water from his mobility scooter.
3) A self-checkout machine at a supermarket insults a shopper's purchases, calling him out for eating unhealthy foods. The shopper eventually unplugs the machine to silence it.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Comedy sketches sscript2 edited
1. Three scripts for Stupendous
By Faith Howley
3 Orchard lane
Chester
WA6 6FG
faith1@gmail.com
2. INT . SHOPPING CENTRE - DAY
1. L.S A typical Saturday afternoon at a busy shopping
centre. The centre is filled with Saturday shoppers.
2. L.S We see the large glass automatic door.
3. M.S TWO MEN average height dressed in black with
balaclavas covering their face, are in shot stood
with their backs to the wall.
MAN ONE
Right, 'you ready?
MAN TWO
Yeah, come on let's just GoO.
MAN ONE
Now? right you go first I'll
follow.
MAN TWO
Okay quick go, it's the first
shop on the left.
4. L.S The men sneak into the shopping centre creeping
with their backs to the wall.
INT. DRUG/HEALTH STORE - DAY
5. M.S The men enter through the door
6. L.S They approach the first aisle. Other shoppers
notice them, startled by their black clothing, and
thuggish appearance they scream.
7. C.U Of the men's hands as they grab some items off
the shelf.
MAN ONE
Yeah that one there, grab it.
8. M.S Shot shows the robbers, they have gained the
attention of the shop workers. CAMERA PANS to show
everyone is now scared and frozen around the shop.
CONTINUED
Page 1
3. Everybody is staring at them anticipating their next
move.
MAN TWO
Right now let's get out of
here.
9. L.S The men are surrounded by scared and bemused
shoppers and now the SECURITY GUARD appears, A small
slightly overweight man in his late fifties, wearing a
typical security uniform with a hat. He is braced and
ready to attack the robbers. He has his back to the
camera.
MAN TWO
They've seen us, we're
surrounded!
MAN ONE
Quick that way. Go GO!
10. L.S They run out of the aisle and through the shop
toward the checkout, CAMERA TRACKS them.
11. O.T.S of Man One as the Security Guard is just about to
make a move.
12. M.S the robbers stop running as they get to the check
out and casually walk to the 'queue here' sign.
13. L.S Of the shoppers and Security Guard as they fall
silent.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Cashier number three please.
14. M.C.U Over the shoulder shot of the Men who casually
walk through barriers in the queue and get to the
checkout, where a terrified and trembling YOUNG CASHIER
a small Asian girl in her late teens, is stood. CAMERA
PANS to show the Young Cashier’s face.
15. M.S The baffled security guard approaches
SECURITY GUARD
Page 2
CONTINUED
4. Woah woah! What are you doing ?
16. C.U Of Man One's face.
MAN ONE
Oh, what? This?
17. E.C.U Of the tube in Man One's hand as he gestures
toward it.
MAN ONE
Yeah.. my acne has really been
playing up, I've been hiding under
this mask for days.
18. C.U He lifts up his balaclava to reveal a sheepish
teenage boy with acne, glasses and braces.
FADE OUT
FADE IN
EXT. BUS STOP - DAY
1. L.S THREE PEOPLE are standing at a bus stop, Two men,
young professionals, late twenties, dressed in suits.
And a middle aged woman wearing a dress suit she is
of small stature, and holds a briefcase in front of
her with both hands on the handle.
2. E.L.S Of the street, in shot something is
approaching in the distance, it looks small and
distant.
3. M.S CAMERA PANS Focusing back to the people at the
bus stop, they look bored with an exasperated
expression.
4. M.C.U, of A YOUNG MAN in his late teens dressed in
jeans and a Blue t-shirt, he joins the queue and is
smaller than the other men. He is on his phone with
ear phones in. He walks up and joins the people at
the bus stop, looking up to nod at the suited
business man to his left in acknowledgement.
Page 3
CONTINUED
5. 5. E.L.S Now visible is the slowly approaching vehicle
coming closer, becoming visible and showing it is a
small mobility scooter driven by an ELDERLY MAN,
wearing a tweed jacket and flat cap, with rounded
glasses. As the scooter comes closer a quiet HUMMING
NOISE becomes apparent.
6. M.S Of the scooter on the road CAMERA PANS back to
the people still waiting at the bus stop, the woman
checks their watch and sighs impatiently.
7. E.L.S We now see the people at the bus stop from the
other side of the road. The scooter comes into shot
from the left side, approaching the people at the bus
stop, who are also, have the same bored emotionless
expression on their faces.
8. L.S Side angled shot with the only thing visible the
people at the bus stop. A few seconds into the shot
they are splashed with an over exaggerated wave.
Looking shocked they stand there soaked.
9. L.S Of the road Finally we see the elderly man who
carries on driving unfased with a small smirk on his
face.
FADE OUT
FADE IN
INT. SUPERMARKET - DAY
1. L.S A supermarket checkout, A MALE SHOPPER of average
height late forties, with greying hair, wearing jeans
and a t-shirt approaches the checkout with a basket
full of shopping, he puts his basket down on the
self-service and starts to scan his items.
2. O.T.S Of the Male Shopper looking at the self-service
screen.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Welcome, do you have your own
bags?
Page 4
Page 1
Page 1
CONTINUED
6. 3. C.U Side shot of the male shoppers hands as he taps
'no' on the screen the voice on the machine sighs.
4. O.T.S Of the Male Shopper looking at the self-service
screen.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Ugh, one of them are we?
5. M.S Of the male shopper who is baffled, but shrugs off
the comment and scans his first item.
6. O.T.S Of the Male Shopper looking at the self-service
screen, As he scans his shopping.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Come on hurry up I have places to
be.
Ha low fat yogurt, who are you
trying to kid.
Cheesecake, more like it.
Ahhhh so that's where all the pies
went.
7. L.S The male shopper looks around to see if anybody
else has noticed the insults, CAMERA PANS as he calls
over one of the shop assistants.
MALE SHOPPER
Excuse me I think there's
something wrong with the machine,
it keeps errm insulting me.
8. M.S The FEMALE SHOP ASSISTANT, A small middle aged
woman, wearing typical supermarket uniform, very curly
hair and round glasses, looks at him patronisingly and
sighs.
FEMALE SHOP ASSISTANT
Page 5
CONTINUED
7. Erm okay sir, no I don't think
there's anything wrong there you
go, that should be fine.
9. C.U Of The Female Shop Assistant's hand as she press's
several buttons on the screen, CAMERA PANS as she walks
away.
10. M.S Side Shot as the man continues to scan his
shopping.
11. O.T.S Of the Male Shopper looking at the self-service
screen.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Haha nice try mate.
MALE SHOPPER
SHUT UP.
12. L.S The other shoppers look over to the Male Shopper
who appears to be screaming to himself and everyone
gives him a bemused look and whispers to each other.
13. M.S Side Shot of Male Shopper.
MALE SHOPPER
RIGHT.
14. M.S The Male Shopper walks behind the machine unplugs
it and the screen turns black, standing up and brushing
his hands, he walks away unfazed.
AUTOMATED VOICE
Ooohhh someone's touchy.
FADE OUT
Page 6