- St George's Cross is a white flag with a red cross, used by entities under the patronage of St George such as England and Georgia. The cross originated as the personal flag of St Ambrose and spread throughout northern Italy including Genoa, whose patron was St George.
- Afternoon tea traditionally refers to a light meal taken between 2-5pm in England. It originated when Catherine of Braganza brought the Portuguese tradition of drinking tea in the afternoon to England in 1661. Afternoon tea usually consists of sandwiches, scones, and cakes served with tea.
- High tea refers to a substantial evening meal taken between 5-7pm, originally to distinguish it from afternoon tea.
This document provides information about travel to Bristol, England from Málaga, Spain from November 17-21, including flight details and prices. It also lists popular British foods like fish and chips, black pudding, shepherd's pie, and roast meats. Finally, it recommends places to visit in Bristol such as Pulteney Bridge, Clifton Suspension Bridge, Berkeley Castle, Bristol Museum, Roman Baths, Bath Abbey, Blaise Castle House Museum, Wells Cathedral, and The Circus.
The document discusses several icons and symbols that are considered quintessentially British, including the bulldog, John Bull, the British lion, Britannia, the bowler hat, cricket, the bobby, tea, the full English breakfast, English pubs, and the robin. These symbols represent traits like loyalty, courage, nationalism, tradition, and leisure and are woven into British culture and history.
This document provides information about the British city of Oxford, England. It describes Oxford's population of over 200,000 people and status as a historic university town. Several of Oxford's top tourist attractions are mentioned, including Christ Church College, Carfax Tower, the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the Bodleian Library, Magdalen College, and the Pitt Rivers Museum. The document also lists several famous musical bands and artists from Oxford, such as Radiohead, Foals, and Mr. Hudson. Finally, it outlines several typical British dishes that originated in Oxford or the surrounding area, like shepherd's pie, ploughman's lunch, and bubble and squeak.
Oxford is an ancient university city located in Oxfordshire, England with a population over 200,000. It is known for its prestigious University of Oxford and many tourist attractions including Christ Church College, Carfax Tower, the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the Bodleian Library, Magdalen College, and the Pitt Rivers Museum. Oxford is also known for being the home of famous British bands such as Radiohead, Foals, Swervedriver, and Young Knives as well as the singer Mr. Hudson. Traditional British dishes from Oxford include shepherd's pie, ploughman's lunch, Sunday roast, bangers and mash, toad in the hole, and bubble and squeak.
The document provides an overview of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It describes how a group of pilgrims from various social classes agree to tell stories on their journey from London to Canterbury to honor Thomas Becket. Chaucer intended the work to satirize and portray English society in the late 14th century through the characters and their tales. The unfinished work consists of a general prologue introducing the pilgrims followed by tales told by each along the way. It was highly popular and helped establish English as a literary language.
During Shakespeare's time in the late 16th century, England was a powerful and prosperous nation led by Queen Elizabeth I. London's population quadrupled during this period and the city was home to over 200,000 people by the time Shakespeare arrived. It was a time of cultural and artistic flourishing as well as scientific and technological advancement. However, women and those of lower social classes faced significant restrictions and hardships. Health and sanitation standards were also poor, leading to widespread illnesses.
This document provides an overview of notable moments and developments in British food and drink history. It discusses how potatoes, sandwiches, chocolate bars, and Mrs. Beeton's cookbook shaped British cuisine. It also mentions Escoffier's influence in the late 19th century and Elizabeth David popularizing Mediterranean ingredients in the 1950s. Additionally, it outlines classic British regional foods, dishes associated with holidays and seasons, typical mealtimes, influential markets, the enduring popularity of beer, and Britain's love of tea and coffee.
The White Bear Theatre will present the world premiere of the play "Inigo" written and directed by Jonathan Moore from February 3-28, 2015. The play tells the story of Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, from his conversion from a soldier to a radical Christian reformer. It follows Ignatius' founding of the Jesuits which put him in conflict with the church and establishment. The cast includes actors with experience at the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare's Globe. The leading role of Ignatius will be played by Fayez Bakhsh, an actor of Yemeni Arab parentage raised Muslim.
This document provides information about travel to Bristol, England from Málaga, Spain from November 17-21, including flight details and prices. It also lists popular British foods like fish and chips, black pudding, shepherd's pie, and roast meats. Finally, it recommends places to visit in Bristol such as Pulteney Bridge, Clifton Suspension Bridge, Berkeley Castle, Bristol Museum, Roman Baths, Bath Abbey, Blaise Castle House Museum, Wells Cathedral, and The Circus.
The document discusses several icons and symbols that are considered quintessentially British, including the bulldog, John Bull, the British lion, Britannia, the bowler hat, cricket, the bobby, tea, the full English breakfast, English pubs, and the robin. These symbols represent traits like loyalty, courage, nationalism, tradition, and leisure and are woven into British culture and history.
This document provides information about the British city of Oxford, England. It describes Oxford's population of over 200,000 people and status as a historic university town. Several of Oxford's top tourist attractions are mentioned, including Christ Church College, Carfax Tower, the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the Bodleian Library, Magdalen College, and the Pitt Rivers Museum. The document also lists several famous musical bands and artists from Oxford, such as Radiohead, Foals, and Mr. Hudson. Finally, it outlines several typical British dishes that originated in Oxford or the surrounding area, like shepherd's pie, ploughman's lunch, and bubble and squeak.
Oxford is an ancient university city located in Oxfordshire, England with a population over 200,000. It is known for its prestigious University of Oxford and many tourist attractions including Christ Church College, Carfax Tower, the University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the Bodleian Library, Magdalen College, and the Pitt Rivers Museum. Oxford is also known for being the home of famous British bands such as Radiohead, Foals, Swervedriver, and Young Knives as well as the singer Mr. Hudson. Traditional British dishes from Oxford include shepherd's pie, ploughman's lunch, Sunday roast, bangers and mash, toad in the hole, and bubble and squeak.
The document provides an overview of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It describes how a group of pilgrims from various social classes agree to tell stories on their journey from London to Canterbury to honor Thomas Becket. Chaucer intended the work to satirize and portray English society in the late 14th century through the characters and their tales. The unfinished work consists of a general prologue introducing the pilgrims followed by tales told by each along the way. It was highly popular and helped establish English as a literary language.
During Shakespeare's time in the late 16th century, England was a powerful and prosperous nation led by Queen Elizabeth I. London's population quadrupled during this period and the city was home to over 200,000 people by the time Shakespeare arrived. It was a time of cultural and artistic flourishing as well as scientific and technological advancement. However, women and those of lower social classes faced significant restrictions and hardships. Health and sanitation standards were also poor, leading to widespread illnesses.
This document provides an overview of notable moments and developments in British food and drink history. It discusses how potatoes, sandwiches, chocolate bars, and Mrs. Beeton's cookbook shaped British cuisine. It also mentions Escoffier's influence in the late 19th century and Elizabeth David popularizing Mediterranean ingredients in the 1950s. Additionally, it outlines classic British regional foods, dishes associated with holidays and seasons, typical mealtimes, influential markets, the enduring popularity of beer, and Britain's love of tea and coffee.
The White Bear Theatre will present the world premiere of the play "Inigo" written and directed by Jonathan Moore from February 3-28, 2015. The play tells the story of Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order, from his conversion from a soldier to a radical Christian reformer. It follows Ignatius' founding of the Jesuits which put him in conflict with the church and establishment. The cast includes actors with experience at the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare's Globe. The leading role of Ignatius will be played by Fayez Bakhsh, an actor of Yemeni Arab parentage raised Muslim.
This document provides information about the town of Cleckheaton, England where Heaton Avenue Primary School is located. It discusses landmarks in Cleckheaton such as Mann Dam and West End Park, local celebrations like Easter egg hunts and Bonfire Night, and includes pictures of Heaton Avenue Primary School and the surrounding area. The document acts as a guide for teachers from Heaton Avenue Primary School who traveled from Leeds to Staszow Primary School in Poland.
Early Modern Europe saw advancements in science, technology, and the formalization of these practices. The period was marked by religious wars such as the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years' War. The Age of Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, spread ideas of logic, ethics, and rationality that influenced the French and American revolutions and the rise of liberalism.
Pepys & Defoe: The Great Plague of London 1665Carol Marque
This was designed as a self-contained virtual classroom lesson for one period of British Literature class. Students read an introduction to the plague and then read two accounts of the Bubonic plague by Pepys and Defoe. They then answer questions and create their own diary of their own town.
2 Michaela Zoschg "An exceedingly good carving"Marjan Debaene
Sir William Burrell collected medieval sculptures, stained glass, and tapestries from 1911 to 1957 that formed the Burrell Collection in Glasgow. He purchased pieces from dealers across Europe and documented his acquisitions in purchase books. Burrell also displayed parts of his collection at his home, Hutton Castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, reconstructing rooms there with his medieval objects. The document highlights Burrell's collecting over decades and his display of selections of the collection at Hutton Castle.
1- THE CELTS:
2- THE ROMANS:
3- THE ANGLO-SAXONS/ HOUSE OF WESSEX:
4- THE NORMANS/ HOUSE OF NORMANDY:
5- HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET:
6- HOUSE OF LANCASTER and HOUSE OF YORK:
7- HOUSE OF TUDOR:
8- HOUSE OF STUART:
9- HOUSE OF HANOVER:
10- HOUSE OF WINDSOR:
The document provides information about several famous London landmarks:
- Buckingham Palace is the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II. It was originally built in 1703 but has undergone major renovations and conversions to become the royal palace seen today.
- St. Paul's Cathedral has stood on the same site in London since 604 AD, with the present building completed in the late 17th century under architect Christopher Wren after the previous cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666.
- Westminster Abbey is a Gothic church dating back to the mid-10th century where British monarchs have been crowned and buried for centuries. Notable for its medieval architecture and royal tombs.
Workplace bullying involves persistent psychological abuse targeting an individual, making them feel threatened, humiliated, or vulnerable. It is often subtle rather than direct. Bullying behaviors include intimidating, yelling, offensive jokes, and invading privacy. Bullies feel a need to control others and see themselves as authoritative. They may be insecure or desire to undermine rivals. Victims can experience health issues like stress and low self-esteem, as well as reduced work performance. To address bullying, employees should document incidents, consider their options, and seek help through organizational reporting systems or by filing a complaint. Employers are responsible for protecting workers from this harmful behavior through strong anti-bullying policies.
This certificate recognizes Juliana Štastná's participation as part of Team #278 from Palacky University in the 2015 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition hosted by the International Law Students Association. The competition involved a mock case before the International Court of Justice concerning the secession and annexation of East Agnostica, and was held in Washington D.C. from April 5-11, 2015.
Los cinco gigantes de Internet son Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook y Microsoft. Apple diseña y produce equipos electrónicos y software como el iPhone, iPad y sistema operativo Mac OS. Amazon es una compañía de comercio electrónico y servicios en la nube. Google ofrece el motor de búsqueda más popular así como servicios como Gmail, Maps y YouTube. Facebook conecta a gente con amigos y familiares compartiendo fotos y videos. Microsoft desarrolla software popular como los sistemas operativos Windows y la suite Office.
Este documento discute las desigualdades globales en el acceso a la tecnología y la comunicación. Señala que el promedio de llamadas telefónicas internacionales es mucho mayor en países desarrollados como Suiza y Canadá que en países en desarrollo como Colombia, Rusia y Ghana. También hay más líneas telefónicas en Nueva York que en todas las zonas rurales de Asia, y más cuentas de Internet en Londres que en toda África. La globalización ha intensificado este intercambio desigual de flujos de comunic
Cisco and The Applied Group Point of ViewDavid Barry
Virtualization is a mature technology that can significantly increase plant floor efficiency and production profitability. It standardizes the production floor environment, making security updates quicker and recovery from hardware failures almost instantaneous. While virtualization was initially adopted more in corporate IT, its benefits for plant floors are compelling and its adoption is increasing rapidly. Cisco and The Applied Group help manufacturers virtualize their plant floors using Cisco UCS technology combined with manufacturing expertise, delivering increases in profitability, risk avoidance, and security.
La nueva resolúción 2013 donde se estipula sobre el acompañamiento externo.
- Uno de los principios fundamentales de la política educativa de la provincia de Buenos Aires es lograr la inclusión de todos los niños, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos al sistema educativo.
- En respuesta a esta obligación -que el Estado tiene-, se elabora el presente marco regulatorio con la participación de las Direcciones de Educación. Su finalidad es precisar la intervención del acompañante/asistente externo dentro de las instituciones educativas.
- La incorporación de otros actores externos al sistema educativo.
Está detallado:
- Requisitos para la incorporación del acompañante / asistente externo en los establecimientos educativos.
- Solicitud de acompañante / asistente externo.
- Definición de la estrategia.
- La definición de la propuesta pedagógica corresponde a la escuela.
- Actores intervinientes en la toma de decisiones.
- Actores del sistema educativo.
- El proceso de intervención institucional para la definición del ingreso del acompañante / asistente externo en la escuela.
This document provides tips on setting up and optimizing a Facebook business page. It discusses establishing a professional profile, regularly posting engaging content like photos and questions, and using apps to capture new leads. The key recommendations are to post different types of content regularly, including resources, testimonials and "did you know" facts about your business. With consistent posting, the document claims a business can generate new local customers and leads from social media.
Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe what transpired between the armies of the Pandavas and Kauravas assembled on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Sanjaya informs him that after seeing the mighty and skillfully arranged army of the Pandavas, Duryodhana went to consult with his teacher, Drona. Duryodhana points out to Drona the formidable warriors arrayed against them, including great fighters equal to Bhima and Arjuna, in an attempt to make Drona vigilant against showing leniency towards his former students, the Pandavas.
El documento presenta información sobre el relieve, clima y recursos naturales de Argentina. Describe las diferentes regiones del país, incluyendo las llanuras, mesetas, montañas y sierras, así como los tipos de climas cálido, templado y frío. También resume los principales biomas como pastizales, bosques, selvas y estepas, y los recursos naturales como el agua, suelo, forestales y minerales. Por último, incluye una lista de las fiestas nacionales que celebran los productos regionales en cada provincia.
This document discusses different types of photography used in industry, including portraits, fashion, fine art, advertising, landscapes, photojournalism, and documentary photography. It provides descriptions of each type, their uses in industry, and how they have evolved over time, particularly from the 20th century to present. Examples of prominent photographers in each field are given, as well as sources to find more information and example image URLs.
The document discusses different types of photography including portrait, documentary, fine art, fashion, photo journalism, advertising, and landscape photography. Portrait photography aims to represent a person's face and personality, while documentary photography chronicles significant historical events. Fine art photography is meant to be appreciated visually, often featuring edited, color photos. Famous photographers are discussed for each type, such as Diane Arbus for portraits and David Burnett for photo journalism.
The presentation focuses mainly on the wave energy. It first highlights the need to explore into renewable energy. It gives fundamental differences between wave and tidal energy. It outlines the limitations of tidal energy. It illustrates the working of wave energy powerplant which works on the principle of Oscillating Water Column. It concludes by comparing its cost with conventional energy.
Jeffrey Gaston has over 5 years of experience as an assistant audio engineer at Tall Sky Studios in Austin, TX and as a live sound engineer at the Sahara Lounge in Austin. He has also held internships at Rare Muzik LLC in Nashville, TN and Pure Sound in Durham, NC. Gaston is pursuing a bachelor's degree in Interdisciplinary Studies from Berklee College of Music online with a focus on audio engineering. He co-founded Tall Sky Studios in 2015.
This document provides information about the town of Cleckheaton, England where Heaton Avenue Primary School is located. It discusses landmarks in Cleckheaton such as Mann Dam and West End Park, local celebrations like Easter egg hunts and Bonfire Night, and includes pictures of Heaton Avenue Primary School and the surrounding area. The document acts as a guide for teachers from Heaton Avenue Primary School who traveled from Leeds to Staszow Primary School in Poland.
Early Modern Europe saw advancements in science, technology, and the formalization of these practices. The period was marked by religious wars such as the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years' War. The Age of Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, spread ideas of logic, ethics, and rationality that influenced the French and American revolutions and the rise of liberalism.
Pepys & Defoe: The Great Plague of London 1665Carol Marque
This was designed as a self-contained virtual classroom lesson for one period of British Literature class. Students read an introduction to the plague and then read two accounts of the Bubonic plague by Pepys and Defoe. They then answer questions and create their own diary of their own town.
2 Michaela Zoschg "An exceedingly good carving"Marjan Debaene
Sir William Burrell collected medieval sculptures, stained glass, and tapestries from 1911 to 1957 that formed the Burrell Collection in Glasgow. He purchased pieces from dealers across Europe and documented his acquisitions in purchase books. Burrell also displayed parts of his collection at his home, Hutton Castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, reconstructing rooms there with his medieval objects. The document highlights Burrell's collecting over decades and his display of selections of the collection at Hutton Castle.
1- THE CELTS:
2- THE ROMANS:
3- THE ANGLO-SAXONS/ HOUSE OF WESSEX:
4- THE NORMANS/ HOUSE OF NORMANDY:
5- HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET:
6- HOUSE OF LANCASTER and HOUSE OF YORK:
7- HOUSE OF TUDOR:
8- HOUSE OF STUART:
9- HOUSE OF HANOVER:
10- HOUSE OF WINDSOR:
The document provides information about several famous London landmarks:
- Buckingham Palace is the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II. It was originally built in 1703 but has undergone major renovations and conversions to become the royal palace seen today.
- St. Paul's Cathedral has stood on the same site in London since 604 AD, with the present building completed in the late 17th century under architect Christopher Wren after the previous cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666.
- Westminster Abbey is a Gothic church dating back to the mid-10th century where British monarchs have been crowned and buried for centuries. Notable for its medieval architecture and royal tombs.
Workplace bullying involves persistent psychological abuse targeting an individual, making them feel threatened, humiliated, or vulnerable. It is often subtle rather than direct. Bullying behaviors include intimidating, yelling, offensive jokes, and invading privacy. Bullies feel a need to control others and see themselves as authoritative. They may be insecure or desire to undermine rivals. Victims can experience health issues like stress and low self-esteem, as well as reduced work performance. To address bullying, employees should document incidents, consider their options, and seek help through organizational reporting systems or by filing a complaint. Employers are responsible for protecting workers from this harmful behavior through strong anti-bullying policies.
This certificate recognizes Juliana Štastná's participation as part of Team #278 from Palacky University in the 2015 Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition hosted by the International Law Students Association. The competition involved a mock case before the International Court of Justice concerning the secession and annexation of East Agnostica, and was held in Washington D.C. from April 5-11, 2015.
Los cinco gigantes de Internet son Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook y Microsoft. Apple diseña y produce equipos electrónicos y software como el iPhone, iPad y sistema operativo Mac OS. Amazon es una compañía de comercio electrónico y servicios en la nube. Google ofrece el motor de búsqueda más popular así como servicios como Gmail, Maps y YouTube. Facebook conecta a gente con amigos y familiares compartiendo fotos y videos. Microsoft desarrolla software popular como los sistemas operativos Windows y la suite Office.
Este documento discute las desigualdades globales en el acceso a la tecnología y la comunicación. Señala que el promedio de llamadas telefónicas internacionales es mucho mayor en países desarrollados como Suiza y Canadá que en países en desarrollo como Colombia, Rusia y Ghana. También hay más líneas telefónicas en Nueva York que en todas las zonas rurales de Asia, y más cuentas de Internet en Londres que en toda África. La globalización ha intensificado este intercambio desigual de flujos de comunic
Cisco and The Applied Group Point of ViewDavid Barry
Virtualization is a mature technology that can significantly increase plant floor efficiency and production profitability. It standardizes the production floor environment, making security updates quicker and recovery from hardware failures almost instantaneous. While virtualization was initially adopted more in corporate IT, its benefits for plant floors are compelling and its adoption is increasing rapidly. Cisco and The Applied Group help manufacturers virtualize their plant floors using Cisco UCS technology combined with manufacturing expertise, delivering increases in profitability, risk avoidance, and security.
La nueva resolúción 2013 donde se estipula sobre el acompañamiento externo.
- Uno de los principios fundamentales de la política educativa de la provincia de Buenos Aires es lograr la inclusión de todos los niños, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos al sistema educativo.
- En respuesta a esta obligación -que el Estado tiene-, se elabora el presente marco regulatorio con la participación de las Direcciones de Educación. Su finalidad es precisar la intervención del acompañante/asistente externo dentro de las instituciones educativas.
- La incorporación de otros actores externos al sistema educativo.
Está detallado:
- Requisitos para la incorporación del acompañante / asistente externo en los establecimientos educativos.
- Solicitud de acompañante / asistente externo.
- Definición de la estrategia.
- La definición de la propuesta pedagógica corresponde a la escuela.
- Actores intervinientes en la toma de decisiones.
- Actores del sistema educativo.
- El proceso de intervención institucional para la definición del ingreso del acompañante / asistente externo en la escuela.
This document provides tips on setting up and optimizing a Facebook business page. It discusses establishing a professional profile, regularly posting engaging content like photos and questions, and using apps to capture new leads. The key recommendations are to post different types of content regularly, including resources, testimonials and "did you know" facts about your business. With consistent posting, the document claims a business can generate new local customers and leads from social media.
Dhritarashtra asks Sanjaya to describe what transpired between the armies of the Pandavas and Kauravas assembled on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Sanjaya informs him that after seeing the mighty and skillfully arranged army of the Pandavas, Duryodhana went to consult with his teacher, Drona. Duryodhana points out to Drona the formidable warriors arrayed against them, including great fighters equal to Bhima and Arjuna, in an attempt to make Drona vigilant against showing leniency towards his former students, the Pandavas.
El documento presenta información sobre el relieve, clima y recursos naturales de Argentina. Describe las diferentes regiones del país, incluyendo las llanuras, mesetas, montañas y sierras, así como los tipos de climas cálido, templado y frío. También resume los principales biomas como pastizales, bosques, selvas y estepas, y los recursos naturales como el agua, suelo, forestales y minerales. Por último, incluye una lista de las fiestas nacionales que celebran los productos regionales en cada provincia.
This document discusses different types of photography used in industry, including portraits, fashion, fine art, advertising, landscapes, photojournalism, and documentary photography. It provides descriptions of each type, their uses in industry, and how they have evolved over time, particularly from the 20th century to present. Examples of prominent photographers in each field are given, as well as sources to find more information and example image URLs.
The document discusses different types of photography including portrait, documentary, fine art, fashion, photo journalism, advertising, and landscape photography. Portrait photography aims to represent a person's face and personality, while documentary photography chronicles significant historical events. Fine art photography is meant to be appreciated visually, often featuring edited, color photos. Famous photographers are discussed for each type, such as Diane Arbus for portraits and David Burnett for photo journalism.
The presentation focuses mainly on the wave energy. It first highlights the need to explore into renewable energy. It gives fundamental differences between wave and tidal energy. It outlines the limitations of tidal energy. It illustrates the working of wave energy powerplant which works on the principle of Oscillating Water Column. It concludes by comparing its cost with conventional energy.
Jeffrey Gaston has over 5 years of experience as an assistant audio engineer at Tall Sky Studios in Austin, TX and as a live sound engineer at the Sahara Lounge in Austin. He has also held internships at Rare Muzik LLC in Nashville, TN and Pure Sound in Durham, NC. Gaston is pursuing a bachelor's degree in Interdisciplinary Studies from Berklee College of Music online with a focus on audio engineering. He co-founded Tall Sky Studios in 2015.
England is an island country located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It has a long history dating back thousands of years and has been inhabited by many different peoples over time, including the Romans, Angles, Saxons, and Normans who have all influenced English culture. Some of England's most famous landmarks include Stonehenge, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Tower Bridge, St. Paul's Cathedral, the Tower of London, and various other historic sites and monuments around the country. Queen Elizabeth II is currently the monarch of England and head of state.
The United Kingdom is an island country located off the northwest coast of Europe composed of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK has a population of over 64 million and a constitutional monarchy form of government. London is the capital and the official languages include English, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish. British culture has significant influence worldwide in areas like literature, music, art and science. Popular festivals in the UK include various music festivals as well as the unique Cheese Rolling Festival in Gloucester. British cuisine has been influenced by its history and includes well-known dishes like Sunday roast, fish and chips and Scottish haggis.
The document discusses the historical prevalence of freak shows, which exhibited people with disabilities or physical differences for entertainment purposes. It describes how freak shows were popular in the Victorian era and traveled between fairs, circuses, and taverns. Several specific individuals displayed in freak shows are discussed, including Chang and Eng the conjoined twins, Saartjie Baartman known as the "Hottentot Venus", and Joseph Merrick known as the "Elephant Man". The rise of the eugenics movement in the late 19th century sought to use science to promote racial purity and standardization. Eugenics supported practices like forced sterilization and institutionalizing those with disabilities.
Europe is the third most populated continent and second smallest. It is surrounded by seas and contains varied landscapes including mountains, plains, peninsulas, and basins. Some iconic European landmarks are Buckingham Palace, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Roman Coliseum, Stonehenge, and the ruins of the Statue of Zeus. European countries have powerful economies and high levels of education.
The United Kingdom was formed through the union of England and Scotland in 1707 and the addition of Ireland in 1801. Irish nationalism grew in the 19th century and led to Irish independence for most of Ireland in 1921, though six counties remained in the UK. The culture of the UK has been influenced by its history as a major power and the British Empire, and includes distinct cultures in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
The document discusses the history of music in the UK and Ireland. It notes several prominent classical composers from the UK like William Byrd and Sir Edward Elgar. It also mentions notable bands from the 1960s that shaped music, like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Pink Floyd. Traditional Irish instruments included the bodhrán, buozuokis, and concertina. Wales had strong traditions of male voice choirs and the harp.
This virtual trip document summarizes locations visited by students in England, including Canterbury Cathedral and its history dating back to 597 AD; the city of Bath known for its natural hot springs and Roman baths; and Winchester, formerly the capital of England and home to the largest church nave in Europe. Other sites presented are Claverton and its pumping station, the Big Pit mining museum in Blaenafon, Caernafon Castle built in the 13th century, landmarks in London like Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey, and the famous Tower Bridge. The document was created by French students to learn about places their classmates visited in England.
National holidays and traditions in Great Britain include afternoon tea, weddings, and changing of the guard ceremonies. Afternoon tea originated in the 1840s as a light meal between lunch and dinner. Over half of weddings take place in register offices, with the rest being religious ceremonies. The changing of the guard is a daily ceremony where guard duties are transferred at royal palaces like Buckingham Palace.
This powerpoint presentation provides information about various places, attractions, traditions, and facts about the United Kingdom. It discusses landmarks like Stonehenge and Westminster Abbey, as well as iconic structures like the London Eye. Traditional British foods such as fish and chips, Yorkshire pudding, and toad in the hole are explained. Public holidays, the monarchy, languages, and the school system are overviewed. Additionally, the document touches on the British Invasion musical movement that spread British rock bands like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones to American audiences in the 1960s.
St Paul's Cathedral in London has been rebuilt several times after fires destroyed earlier structures on the site dating back to the 7th century. The current cathedral was designed by Christopher Wren after the Great Fire of London in 1666 and features a large dome that has become a symbol of the city. Up to three million people visit the cathedral each year to see its mosaics, monuments, and artifacts commemorating important figures in British history.
Big ben, parlaments, westmister, teathreIES Aricel
Westminster is a historic area in London known for its famous landmarks. Some of the key sites mentioned are [1] Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, built in 1599 as an open-air performance space; [2] Westminster Abbey, founded in 1045 where most English monarchs have been crowned; and [3] Big Ben and the Palace of Westminster, home to the British parliament where Big Ben is the largest bell and part of the iconic clock tower.
Big Ben: The Heartbeat of London Chiming through the Echoes of History | CIO ...CIOWomenMagazine
Uncover Big Ben's rich history & surprising facts! Explore its design, famous chimes & role in British culture. Planning a London trip? Learn why it's called Big Ben!
This document provides information about England and its culture. It discusses that England is part of the United Kingdom located on an island west of continental Europe. It then covers various aspects of English culture such as popular tourist destinations, cuisine, architecture, traditions, and sports. Sports originated in England include football, cricket, rugby, and tennis. Traditional English meals include fish and chips and full English breakfasts. Tea time and pub culture are also highlighted as part of English traditions. Important landmarks discussed include the Tower of London, London Eye, Big Ben, St. Paul's Cathedral, and Bodiam Castle.
The document discusses the history of music in the UK. It notes several prominent classical composers from the UK like William Byrd, Henry Purcell, and Edward Elgar. It also mentions several famous rock bands that originated in the UK like The Beatles, Queen, and Led Zeppelin. Finally, it provides some background on the development of theater and cinema in the UK, highlighting figures like William Shakespeare and early pioneers of film like the Lumiere Brothers.
The culture of the United Kingdom is shaped by its history as an island country and major power with a predominantly Christian religious life. British culture has been influenced by wider European culture and ideas like humanism, Protestantism, and representative democracy. British literature, music, art, theater, media, and other cultural aspects are respected globally. Sports also play an important role in British culture, with football being the most popular sport. British people live in England, Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland and are known for their reserved manners and strong sense of humor.
1. The document is a newsletter from Hadley Wood that discusses upcoming local events and provides articles on local history.
2. One article discusses an archaeological survey being conducted to uncover the site of the 1471 Battle of Barnet near Hadley Wood. Metal detectorists have found artifacts but have not yet found conclusive evidence of the battle.
3. Another article profiles the famous steam locomotive Flying Scotsman, which passed through Hadley Wood recently. It discusses the locomotive's design history and owners over the decades.
Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament are two of London's most iconic landmarks. Big Ben is the largest four-faced clock in the world at over 96 meters tall. The Houses of Parliament have been the home of the English parliament since the 11th century. Both landmarks are popular tourist attractions located along the River Thames.
This document provides an overview of various primary sources that can be used to study the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 in England, as well as the digital resources available. It describes sources such as chronicles, manorial records, town records, parliamentary records, chancery records, and exchequer records. It also discusses the limited digitization of illuminated manuscripts and some royal administrative records, but notes that manorial/town records and most chronicle texts are not available online. Examples of some digitized sources, like petitions and trials from The National Archives, are presented.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in England, including:
1) Key aspects of English culture like a love of tea, queues, football, cricket, and discussing the weather.
2) Historical details on the origins of England's name from the Angles people and the formation of the United Kingdom over time.
3) Important national symbols and landmarks in England like Buckingham Palace, Big Ben, and Stonehenge.
4) Aspects of daily life like the education system, popular foods, places to visit, and bank holidays.
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspirationgreendigital
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
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The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...greendigital
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
The Future of Independent Filmmaking Trends and Job OpportunitiesLetsFAME
The landscape of independent filmmaking is evolving at an unprecedented pace. Technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and new distribution models are reshaping the industry, creating new opportunities and challenges for filmmakers and film industry jobs. This article explores the future of independent filmmaking, highlighting key trends and emerging job opportunities.
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Sagagreendigital
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
Barbie Movie Review - The Astras.pdffffftheastras43
Barbie Movie Review has gotten brilliant surveys for its fun and creative story. Coordinated by Greta Gerwig, it stars Margot Robbie as Barbie and Ryan Gosling as Insight. Critics adore its perky humor, dynamic visuals, and intelligent take on the notorious doll's world. It's lauded for being engaging for both kids and grown-ups. The Astras profoundly prescribes observing the Barbie Review for a delightful and colorful cinematic involvement.https://theastras.com/hca-member-gradebooks/hca-gradebook-barbie/
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdfXtreame HDTV
The television landscape in the UK has evolved significantly with the rise of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). IPTV offers a modern alternative to traditional cable and satellite TV, allowing viewers to stream live TV, on-demand videos, and other multimedia content directly to their devices over the internet. This review provides an in-depth look at the top IPTV UK providers, their features, pricing, and what sets them apart.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfoliogreendigital
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
Architectural Highlights
The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
Sustainable Features
Leonardo DiCaprio is a well-known environmental activist. whose Malibu house reflects his commitment to sustainability. The property incorporates solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable building materials. The landscaping around the house is also designed to be water-efficient. featuring drought-resistant plants and intelligent irrigation systems.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
Privacy and Seclusion
Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
Everything You Need to Know About IPTV Ireland.pdfXtreame HDTV
The way we consume television has evolved dramatically over the past decade. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) has emerged as a popular alternative to traditional cable and satellite TV, offering a wide range of channels and on-demand content via the internet. In Ireland, IPTV is rapidly gaining traction, with Xtreame HDTV being one of the prominent providers in the market. This comprehensive guide will delve into everything you need to know about IPTV Ireland, focusing on Xtreame HDTV, its features, benefits, and how it is revolutionizing TV viewing for Irish audiences.
1. Colours and flag
Main article: St George's Cross
St George's cross
The "Colours of Saint George", or St George's Cross are a white flag with a red cross,
frequently borne by entities over which he is patron (e.g. the Republic of Genoa and
then Liguria, England, Georgia, Catalonia, Aragon, etc.).
The cross was originally the personal flag of another saint and key Christian figure, St.
Ambrose. Adopted by the city of Milan (of which he was Archbishop) at least as early
as the Ninth century, its use spread over Northern Italy including Genoa. Genoa's patron
saint was St. George and through the flag's use by the vast Genoese trading fleet, the
association was carried throughout Europe.[citation needed]
The same colour scheme was used by Viktor Vasnetsov for the façade of the Tretyakov
Gallery, in which some of the most famous St. George icons are exhibited and which
displays St. George as the coat of arms of Moscow over its entrance.
Tea can refer to any of several different meals or mealtimes, depending on a country's
customs and its history of drinking tea. However, in those countries where the term's
use is common, the influences are generally those of the former British Empire (now the
Commonwealth of Nations). The tea meal can be small or large and used, for example
in the phrase, "to take tea".
Elevenses
Elevenses is a snack that is similar to afternoon tea, but eaten in the morning.[1]
It is
generally less savoury than brunch, and might consist of some cake or biscuits with a
cup of coffee or tea.
[edit] Afternoon tea
Afternoon tea traditionally known as low tea, is a light meal snack typically eaten
between 2pm and 5pm. The custom of drinking tea originated in England when
Catherine of Bragança married Charles II in 1661 and brought the practice of drinking
tea in the afternoon with her from Portugal.[citation needed]
Various places that belonged to
the former British Empire also have such a meal. However, changes in social customs
and working hours mean that most Britons will rarely take afternoon tea, if at all.[citation
needed]
Traditionally, loose tea is brewed in a teapot and served in teacups with milk and sugar.
This is accompanied by sandwiches (customarily cucumber, egg and cress, fish paste,
ham, and smoked salmon), scones (with clotted cream and jam, see cream tea) and
usually cakes and pastries (such as Battenberg, fruit cake or Victoria sponge). In hotels
and tea shops the food is often served on a tiered stand; there may be no sandwiches,
but bread or scones with butter or margarine and optional jam or other spread, or toast,
muffins or crumpets.[2][3][4]
2. Nowadays, a formal afternoon tea is usually taken as a treat in a hotel, café or tea shop.
In everyday life, many Britons take a much simpler refreshment consisting of tea and
biscuits at teatime.[citation needed]
While living in Woburn Abbey, Anna Maria Russell, Duchess of Bedford, is credited as
the first person to have transformed afternoon tea in England into a late-afternoon meal
rather than a simple refreshment.[5]
Isabella Beeton describes afternoon teas of various kinds: the old-fashioned tea, the at-
home tea, the family tea and the high tea and provides menus.[6]
[edit] High tea
High tea (also known as meat tea[7]
) is an early evening meal, typically eaten between
5pm and 7pm. It is now largely followed by a lighter meal later in the evening.
High tea would usually consist of cold meats, eggs or fish, cakes and sandwiches.
In its origin, the term ―high tea‖ was used as a way to distinguish it from ―low tea‖ or
afternoon tea. The words 'low' and 'high' refer to the tables from which either tea meal
was eaten.[citation needed]
Low tea was served in a sitting room where low tables (like a
coffee table) were placed near sofas or chairs generally. The word high referred to a
table, this one on a dining room table, and it would be loaded with substantial dinner
dishes - meats, cheese, breads, perhaps shepherd's pie or steak and kidney pie.
[edit] Other uses
In many parts of England, particularly the North of England and in many parts of
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, tea is used to mean the main evening meal.
Programa Conectar Igualdad
Registración del equipamiento recibido
Fecha: 31/10/2011
CUIL: 23-35479378-4
Apellido y nombre: MANCILLA LORENA REBECA
Establecimiento educativo: INST.DE CARR.SUPER..CONSCRIPTO RICARDO A.PAZ.
Número de serie: 2171109963
Registración: El equipo se ha acreditado correctamente
Significance in popular culture
3. The clock has become a symbol of the United Kingdom and London, particularly in the
visual media. When a television or film-maker wishes to indicate a generic location in
Britain, a popular way to do so is to show an image of the Clock Tower, often with a red
double-decker bus or black cab in the foreground.[41]
The sound of the clock chiming
has also been used this way in audio media, but as the Westminster Quarters are heard
from other clocks and other devices, the unique nature of this sound has been
considerably diluted.
The Clock Tower is a focus of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with
radio and TV stations tuning to its chimes to welcome the start of the year. Similarly, on
Remembrance Day, the chimes of Big Ben are broadcast to mark the 11th hour of the
11th day of the 11th month and the start of two minutes' silence.
Superior part of the clock tower.
ITN's News at Ten opening sequence features an image of the Clock Tower with the
sound of Big Ben's chimes punctuating the announcement of the news headlines, and
has done so on and off for the last 41 years. The Big Ben chimes (known within ITN as
"The Bongs") continue to be used during the headlines and all ITV News bulletins use a
graphic based on the Westminster clock dial. Big Ben can also be heard striking the
hour before some news bulletins on BBC Radio 4 (6 pm and midnight, plus 10 pm on
Sundays) and the BBC World Service, a practice that began on 31 December 1923. The
sound of the chimes are sent in real time from a microphone permanently installed in
the tower and connected by line to Broadcasting House.
Londoners who live an appropriate distance from the Clock Tower and Big Ben can, by
means of listening to the chimes both live and on the radio or television, hear the bell
strike thirteen times on New Year's Eve. This is possible due to what amounts to an
offset between live and electronically transmitted chimes since the speed of sound is a
lot slower than the speed of radio waves. Guests are invited to count the chimes aloud as
the radio is gradually turned down.
The Clock Tower has appeared in many films, most notably in the 1978 version of The
Thirty Nine Steps, in which the hero Richard Hannay attempted to halt the clock's
progress (to prevent a linked bomb detonating) by hanging from the minute hand of its
western dial. In the fourth James Bond film Thunderball a mistaken extra strike of Big
Ben on the hour is designated by criminal organisationSPECTRE to be the signal that
the British Government has acceded to its nuclear extortion demands. The gag phrase
4. "Big Ben! Parliament!" is repeated for comic effect by Chevy Chase in National
Lampoon's European Vacation as the depicted family remains stuck on the Lambeth
Bridge Roundabout. It was also used in the filming of Shanghai Knights starring Jackie
Chan and Owen Wilson, and was depicted as being partially destroyed in the Doctor
Who episode "Aliens of London". An animated version of the clock and its inner
workings were also used as the setting for the climactic final battle between Basil of
Baker Street and his nemesis Ratigan in the Walt Disney animated film The Great
Mouse Detective as well as Peter Pan where Peter lands on the clock before they head
to Neverland. It is shown being destroyed by a UFO in the film Mars Attacks!, by a
prehistoric creature in Gorgo, and by a lightning bolt in the film The Avengers. It is
destroyed on purpose and quite graphically in the movie V for Vendetta and is flooded
in the film Flood. In Reign of Fire, it is destroyed by dragons. The apparent "thirteen
chimes" detailed above was also a major plot device in the Captain Scarlet and the
Mysterons episode, "Big Ben Strikes Again".
During the 2010 General Election the results of the national exit poll were projected
onto the face of Big Ben.[42]
Function and construction
Main article: Theories about Stonehenge
See also: Archaeoastronomy and Stonehenge
In the Mesolithic period, two large wooden posts were erected at the site. Today, they
are marked by circular white marks in the middle of the car park.
Stonehenge was produced by a culture that left no written records. Many aspects of
Stonehenge remain subject to debate. This multiplicity of theories, some of them very
colourful, are often called the "mystery of Stonehenge".[citation needed]
There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the
Stonehenge builders. Over the years, various authors have suggested that supernatural
or anachronistic methods were used, usually asserting that the stones were impossible to
move otherwise. However, conventional techniques using Neolithic technology have
been demonstrably effective at moving and placing stones of a similar size. Proposed
functions for the site include usage as an astronomical observatory, or as a religious site.
More recently two major new theories have been proposed. Professor Geoffrey
WainwrightOBE, FSA, president of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and
Professor Timothy Darvill, OBE of Bournemouth University have suggested that
Stonehenge was a place of healing – the primeval equivalent of Lourdes.[17]
They argue
5. that this accounts for the high number of burials in the area and for the evidence of
trauma deformity in some of the graves. However they do concede that the site was
probably multifunctional and used for ancestor worship as well.[18]
Isotope analysis
indicates that some of the buried individuals were from other regions. A teenage boy
buried approximately 1550 BC was raised near the Mediterranean Sea; a metal worker
from 2300 BC dubbed the "Amesbury Archer" grew up near the alpine foothills of
Germany; and the "Boscombe Bowmen" probably arrived from Wales or Brittany,
France.[19]
On the other hand, Professor Mike Parker Pearson of Sheffield University
has suggested that Stonehenge was part of a ritual landscape and was joined to
Durrington Walls by their corresponding avenues and the River Avon. He suggests that
the area around Durrington Walls Henge was a place of the living, whilst Stonehenge
was a domain of the dead. A journey along the Avon to reach Stonehenge was part of a
ritual passage from life to death, to celebrate past ancestors and the recently
deceased.[15]
It should be pointed out that both explanations were mooted in the 12th
century by Geoffrey of Monmouth (below), who extolled the curative properties of the
stones and was also the first to advance the idea that Stonehenge was constructed as a
funerary monument. Whatever religious, mystical or spiritual elements were central to
Stonehenge, its design includes a celestial observatory function, which might have
allowed prediction of eclipse, solstice, equinox and other celestial events important to a
contemporary religion[20]
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north
end of the Palace of Westminster in London,[1]
and is generally extended to refer to the clock
or the clock tower as well.[2]
It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-
standing clock tower in the world.[3]
It celebrated its 150th anniversary on 31 May 2009,[4]
during which celebratory events took place.[5][6]
The erecting of the tower was completed on
10 April 1858. The clock tower has become one of the most prominent symbols of both
London and England, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
Modern history
Folklore
The Heelstone
"Heel Stone," "Friar’s Heel" or "Sun-Stone"
The Heel Stone lies just outside the main entrance to the henge, next to the present
A344 road. It is a rough stone, 16 feet (4.9 m) above ground, leaning inwards towards
the stone circle. It has been known by many names in the past, including "Friar's Heel"
and "Sun-stone". Today it is uniformly referred to as the Heel Stone or Heelstone. When
6. one stands within Stonehenge, facing north-east through the entrance towards the heel
stone, one sees the sun rise above the stone at summer solstice.
A folk tale, which cannot be dated earlier than the seventeenth century, relates the origin
of the Friar's Heel reference.
The Devil bought the stones from a woman in Ireland, wrapped them up, and
brought them to Salisbury plain. One of the stones fell into the Avon, the rest
were carried to the plain. The Devil then cried out, "No-one will ever find out
how these stones came here!" A friar replied, "That’s what you think!,"
whereupon the Devil threw one of the stones at him and struck him on the heel.
The stone stuck in the ground and is still there.
Some claim "Friar's Heel" is a corruption of "Freyja's He-ol" from the Nordic
goddess Freyja and the Welsh word for track. The Heel Stone lies beside the end
portion of Stonehenge Avenue.
A simpler explanation for the name might be that the stone heels, or leans.
The name is not unique; there was a monolith with the same name recorded in the
19th century by antiquarian Charles Warne at Long Bredy in Dorset.[21]
Education in England is overseen by the Department for Education and the
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Local authorities (LAs) take
responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools at a
regional level.
Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16. Students may
then continue their secondary studies for a further two years (sixth form), leading most
typically to A-level qualifications, although other qualifications and courses exist,
including Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualifications, the
International Baccalaureate (IB) and the Cambridge Pre-U. The leaving age for
compulsory education was raised to 18 by the Education and Skills Act 2008. The
change will take effect in 2013 for 16-year-olds and 2015 for 17-year-olds.[8]
State-
provided schooling and sixth form education is free of charge to students. England also
has a tradition of independent schooling, but parents may choose to educate their
children by any suitable means.
Higher education typically begins with a 3-year bachelor's degree. Postgraduate degrees
include master's degrees, either taught or by research, and the doctorate, a research
degree that usually takes at least three years. Universities require a Royal Charter in
order to issue degrees, and all but one are financed by the state via tuition fees, which
are increasing in size for both home and European Union students.
Education
Main articles: Education in England and List of universities in England
7. Senate House, the administrative centre of the University of London
The Department for Education is the government department responsible for issues
affecting people in England up to the age of 19, including education.[214]
State-run and -
funded schools are attended by approximately 93% of English schoolchildren.[215]
Of
these, a minority are faith schools, primarily Church of England or Catholic. Between
three and four is nursery school, 4 and 11 is primary school, and 11 to 16 is secondary
school, with an option for a two-year extension to attend sixth form college.
Although most English secondary schools are comprehensive, in some areas there are
selective intake grammar schools, to which entrance is subject to passing the eleven
plus exam. Around 7.2% of English schoolchildren attend private schools, which are
funded by private sources.[216]
Standards in state schools are monitored by the Office for
Standards in Education, and in private schools by the Independent Schools
Inspectorate.[217]
King's College, University of Cambridge
After finishing compulsory education, pupils take a GCSE examination, following
which they may decide to continue in further education and attend a further education
college. Students normally enter universities in the United Kingdom from 18 onwards,
where they study for an academic degree. There are over 90 universities England, all but
one of which arepublic. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills is the
government department responsible for higher education in England.[218]
Students are
generally entitled to student loans for maintenance.[note 7]
The first degree offered to
undergraduates is the Bachelor's degree, which usually takes three years to complete.
Students are then eligible for a postgraduate degree, a Master's degree, taking one year,
or a Doctorate degree, which takes three.
8. England's universities include some of the highest-ranked universities in the world; the
University of Cambridge, Imperial College London, the University of Oxford and
University College London are all ranked in the global top 10 in the 2010 QS World
University Rankings.[219]
The London School of Economics has been described as the
world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research.[220]
The London
Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2010
its MBA programme was ranked best in the world by the Financial Times.[221]
Academic
degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1),
lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).
The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in
the English-speaking world.[222]
Many of England's better-known schools, such as
Winchester College, Eton College, St Paul's School, Rugby School, and Harrow School
are fee-paying institutions.[223]
National symbols
Main article: National symbols of England
The Royal Arms of England
The St George's Cross has been the national flag of England since the 13th century.
Originally the flag was used by the maritime Republic of Genoa. The English monarch
paid a tribute to the Doge of Genoa from 1190 onwards, so that English ships could fly
the flag as a means of protection when entering the Mediterranean. A red cross was a
symbol for many Crusaders in the 12th and 13th centuries. It became associated with
Saint George, along with countries and cities, which claimed him as their patron saint
and used his cross as a banner.[295]
Since 1606 the St George's Cross has formed part of
the design of the Union Flag, a Pan-British flag designed by King James I.[212]
The Tudor rose, England's national floral emblem
There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial,
including the Tudor rose, the nation's floral emblem, the White Dragon, and the Three
Lions featured on the Royal Arms of England. The Tudor rose was adopted as a
national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of
peace.[296]
It is a syncretic symbol in that it merged the white rose of the Yorkists and
the red rose of the Lancastrians—cadet branches of the Plantagenets who went to war
over control of the nation. It is also known as the Rose of England.[297]
Theoak tree is a
symbol of England, representing strength and endurance. The term Royal Oak alludes to
9. the escape of King Charles II from the grasp of the parliamentarians after his father's
execution: he hid in an oak tree to avoid detection before safely reaching exile.
The Royal Arms of England, a national coat of arms featuring three lions, originated
with its adoption by Richard the Lionheart in 1198. It is blazoned as gules, three lions
passant guardant or and it provides one of the most prominent symbols of England; it is
similar to the traditional arms of Normandy. England does not have an official
designated national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has God Save the
Queen. However, the following are often considered unofficial English national
anthems: Jerusalem, Land of Hope and Glory (used for England during the 2002
Commonwealth Games),[298]
and I Vow to Thee, My Country. England's National Day is
23 April which is St George's Day: St George is the patron saint of England.[299]
See also
Estaes la letra de ―Good Save the Queen‖:
CORO
Estrofa I
God save our gracious Queen,
Long live our noble Queen,
God save the Queen:
Send her victorious,
Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us:
God save the Queen.
Estrofa II
O Lord, our God, arise,
Scatter thine (or her) enemies,
And make them fall:
Confound their politics,
Frustrate their knavish tricks,
On thee our hopes we fix:
God save us all.
Estrofa III
Thy choicest gifts in store,
On her be pleased to pour;
Long may she reign:
May she defend our laws,
And ever give us cause
To sing with heart and voice
God save the Queen.
Las siguientes estrofas están actualmente en desuso por considerarse antiguas y con
tono imperialista:
Estrofa IV
Not in this land alone,
10. But be God’s mercies known,
From shore to shore!
Lord make the nations see,
That men should brothers be,
And form one family,
The wide world over.
Estrofa V
From every latent foe,
From the assassins blow,
God save the Queen!
O’er her thine arm extend,
For Britain’s sake defend,
Our mother, prince, and friend,
God save the Queen!
Estrofa VI
Lord grant that Marshal Wade
May by thy mighty aid
Victory bring.
May he sedition hush,
And like a torrent rush,
Rebellious Scots to crush.
God save the Queen!
The Flag of England is the St George's Cross (heraldic blazon: Argent, a cross gules).
The red cross appeared as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the
Crusades (although originally a white cross on red background) and is one of the
earliest known emblems representing England.[2]
It also represents the official arms of
the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and it achieved status as the national flag of
England during the sixteenth century.[1]
Saint George became the patron saint of England in the thirteenth century, and the
legend of Saint George slaying a dragon dates from the twelfth century.
In heraldry, the Royal Arms of England[1]
is a coat of armssymbolisingEngland and its
monarchs.[2]
Its blazon (technical description) is Gules three lions passant guardant in
pale Or armed and langued Azure,[3][4]
meaning three identical gold lions with blue
tongues and claws, walking and facing the observer, arranged in a column on a red
background. This coat, designed in the High Middle Ages, has been variously combined
with those of France, Scotland, Ireland, Nassau and Hanover, according to dynastic and
other political changes affecting England, but has not itself been altered since the reign
of Richard I.
Although royal emblems depicting lions were used by the Norman dynasty,[5][6][7]
a
formal and consistent English heraldry system emerged during the 12th century. The
escutcheon, or shield, featuring three lions is traced to King Richard I of England's
Great Seal of the Realm, which initially used a single lion rampant, or else two lions,
but in 1198, was permanently altered to depict three lions passant.[4][5][6][7]
In 1340,
Edward III of England laid claim to the throne of France and quartered the Royal Arms
11. of England with that of the Kingdom of France.[5]
This quartering was adjusted,
abandoned and restored intermittently throughout the Middle Ages as the relationship
between England and France changed. Since the Union of the Crowns in 1603, when
England and the Kingdom of Scotland entered a personal union, the arms of England
and Scotland have been combined in what has now become the Royal coat of arms of
the United Kingdom.[8]
It appears in a similar capacity to represent England in the Arms
of Canada and the Queen's Personal Canadian Flag.[9]
The coat of three lions continues
to represent England on several coins of the pound sterling, forms the basis of several
emblems of English national sports teams,[10][11]
and endures as one of the most
recognisablenational symbols of England.[2]
When the Royal Arms is in the format of a heraldic flag, it is variously known as the
Royal Banner of England,[12]
the Banner of the Royal Arms,[13]
the Banner of the
King of England,[14][15]
or by the misnomer of the Royal Standard of England.[note 1]
This Royal Banner differs from England's national flag, St George's Cross, in that it
does not represent any particular area or land, but rather symbolises the sovereignty
vested in the rulers thereof.[3]
The Tudor Rose (sometimes called the Union Rose) is the traditional floral heraldic emblem of
England and takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty.