The document discusses defensive driving. It states that defensive driving means recognizing potential hazards, predicting the actions of other road users, and acting before they do to avoid conflicts. The key to defensive driving is defensive reasoning, which involves anticipating dangerous situations and having an escape plan. The document provides an example of a crash scenario and diagrams it. It then lists the defensive habits drivers A and B should have practiced to prevent the crash, such as scanning for hazards, tagging other vehicles, covering the brake to slow down, and waiting for clearances before passing parked vehicles. The overall message is that defensive driving requires anticipating risks and having a plan to avoid conflicts through defensive reasoning.

2. a

3. Driving defensively means:
recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

4. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

5. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

6. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

7. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

8. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

9. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

10. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

11. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

12. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

13. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

14. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

15. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

16. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

17. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

18. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

19. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

20. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

21. Driving defensively means:
 recognizing potential hazards
 predicting the actions of other road-users
 then acting before they do to avoid a conflict.
Therefore, the key to defensive driving
is defensive reasoning.

22. To master defensive driving you must be able
to apply the habits you’ve learned in class to
real-world driving situations.

23. The following are stories about crashes or
near misses. Analyze the stories and explain
the defensive habits the drivers should have
used to prevent the collision.

24. n

25. Draw a diagram of the scene described in
the story

26. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
the narrator is always driver A
For each driver
List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

27. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
2. Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
the narrator is always driver A
For each driver
List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

28. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
2. Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
• the narrator is always driver A
For each driver
List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

29. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
2. Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
• the narrator is always driver A
3. For each driver
List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

30. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
2. Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
• the narrator is always driver A
3. For each driver
• List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

31. 1. Draw a diagram of the scene described
in the story
2. Label the cars “A, B, C, etc”
• the narrator is always driver A
3. For each driver
• List the defensive habits they should have used to
prevent the crash
• Explain how and why they should have used those
habits

32. “I was driving on a residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked ahead. Just as
I was passing the van, two pedestrians walked
in front of my car. I swerved left to avoid
them and sideswiped a car in the oncoming
lane!”

33. “I was driving on a residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked ahead. Just as
I was passing the van, two pedestrians walked
in front of my car. I swerved left to avoid
them and sideswiped a car in the oncoming
lane!”

34. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

35. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

36. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

37. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the A
oncoming lane!”

38. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the A
oncoming lane!”

39. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the A
oncoming lane!”

40. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the A
oncoming lane!”

41. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

42. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

43. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

44. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

45. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

46. “I was driving on a B
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

47. “I was driving on a B
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
A
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

48. “I was driving on a
residential street and
noticed a delivery van parked B
ahead. Just as I was passing
Van
the van, two pedestrians
walked in front of my car. I
swerved left to avoid them
and sideswiped a car in the
oncoming lane!”

49. Driver A should have:

50. Driver A should have:
B
Van
A

51. Driver A should have:
B
Van
A

52. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
Van
A

53. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
Van
A

54. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
A

55. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
A

56. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
PEDS!
A

57. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
A

58. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
A

59. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
A

60. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
A

61. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•honked the horn to worn
A
the peds

62. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the BEEP!!
brake to slow down
•honked the horn to worn
A
the peds

63. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
CAR!!
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the BEEP!!
brake to slow down
•honked the horn to worn
A
the peds

64. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for B
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•honked the horn to worn
A
the peds
•wait for driver b to pass
before passing the van

65. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down A
•honked the horn to worn
the peds B
•wait for driver b to pass
before passing the van

66. Driver A should have:
•scanned the parked van for
“signs of life”
•noticed the feet of the
peds A Van
•tagged the oncoming car
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•honked the horn to worn
the peds
•wait for driver b to pass B
before passing the van

67. Driver B should have:
B
Van
A

68. Driver B should have:
B
Van
A

69. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
Van
A

70. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
Van
A

71. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
•tagged the oncoming car
Van
A

72. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
•tagged the oncoming car
Van
A

73. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
A

74. Driver B should have:
B
•tagged the peds
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Uh-oh!..
Van
A

75. Driver B should have:
•tagged the peds B
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
A

76. Driver B should have:
•tagged the peds B
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
A

77. Driver B should have:
•tagged the peds B
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•wait for driver A to pass
the van/peds A

78. Driver B should have:
•tagged the peds B
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the A
brake to slow down
•wait for driver A to pass
the van/peds

79. Driver B should have:
A
•tagged the peds
B
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•wait for driver A to pass
the van/peds

80. Driver B should have: A
•tagged the peds
•tagged the oncoming car
•predicted that driver A
might swerve Van
•checked 1 and covered the
brake to slow down
•wait for driver A to pass
B
the van/peds

81. n

82. n

83. “I was the last vehicle in line waiting at a red
light. I heard screeching tires behind me and I
looked in the rear-view mirror; I saw that the
car behind me was about to hit me. There was
a car in front of me so I had nowhere to go
and got rear-ended!”

84. “I was driving in the middle lane on a one-way
street lined with parked cars. Suddenly, a
driver came up on my left and honked as he
was passing me. I realized that I was too far
left in my lane and swerved to correct the
error and almost hit a parked car!”

85. “As I was approaching an intersection I
signaled for a right turn, moved close to the
curb and turned into a very busy street. As I
made the turn, I saw a driver just around the
corner unloading groceries out of the trunk
of a car. I had to slam on my brakes to avoid
a collision!”

86. “When the left green arrow came on I
started moving forward and followed the car
ahead of me into the left turn. Suddenly, it
stopped because a driver from the other
direction also started to come straight
through the intersection. I couldn’t stop in
time and hit the car in front of me and
pushed it into the oncoming car!”

87. “I was approaching an intersection with a
green light. I just passed the go point when
the light turned yellow. I continued through
the intersection and a pedestrian stepped off
the curb and started walking in front of me!
I had to brake and swerve to avoid hitting
him.”

88. “I was following another vehicle at a safe
following distance. The driver signaled for a
right turn. Since I was in a hurry, I made a
lane change to the left and started to pass
him. Suddenly the other car turned into my
lane and hit my car!”

89. “I stopped at a four-way stop sign. As I
started to go, the car on the other side of
the intersection turned left and hit my car!”

90. “I was driving on a rural two-lane highway at
50mph. I saw a cardboard box way ahead in
my lane. As I got closer I noticed a few cans
beside the box and realized the box was full
of canned goods. Since there was a car
coming from the opposite direction, I couldn’t
swerve, and I couldn’t stop in time, so I hit
the box at 35mph. I caused $1,000 damage to
my car!”

91. “I was driving at night on a rural road at
50mph. I had to strain to see the road ahead
in my high beams. Suddenly, the road made a
quick turn to the left! I swerved left but
ended up in a ditch.”

92. “We were returning from our family vacation.
It was around 2am and I was driving. I
suddenly felt the car shudder and the
steering wheel jerked in my hands. The next
thing I knew, we were in the ditch!”