Energy and water are central to sustainable development and poverty reduction efforts globally. They affect all aspects of development, whether social, economic, or environmental. Sustainable energy and water are core business in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in most developing countries. The eight goals that comprise the MDGs build on agreements made at United Nations conferences during the 1990s.1 They represent commitments by countries around the World to reduce poverty and hunger, and to tackle ill-health, gender inequality, lack of education, lack of access to clean water and environmental degradation.

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COLLECTOR WELLS
PART 7
WATER ABSTRACTION
To abstract water it has to be collected. Surface water
is collected by dams or intake in the flow stream while
groundwater is collected through infiltration surfaces in
contact with the water on one side and atmosphere on the other
side this produces a pressure difference for water to flow.
When considering method in a developing situation, one
is bound by limitations of conventional methods due to costs or
physical considerations. An insight into alternatives is
provided by a look at traditional methods of water abstraction
employing the use of tube wells, quanats and dug wells.
TUBE WELLS
In this case, the infiltration area is small, so a high
head (pressure) for flow is required (Fig 11).Unfortunately, any
increase in well diameter makes a small difference to yield.
Most yields can be abstracted from wells of 50 to 150 mm
diameter because either:
. Pumps for smaller diameter wells are not freely available.
. Hopes that a high yield well will be obtained.
. Drills for this capacity are available.
These are usually the reasons for using high capacity truck
mounted equipment which is high in capital and operating cost.

2. Figure 11: Tube wells rely on deep drawn down and are not
suitable for shallow aquifers
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Please watch out for Part 8 which continues in the next blog.