Technical, verbal, and symbolic codes are used in media to create meaning. Technical codes involve production elements like camera angles and framing. Verbal codes relate to written or spoken language. Symbolic codes draw on experience and understanding. Conventions are expectations for certain genres, like the presence of evil forces in horror. Codes and conventions in media can be technical (shots), symbolic (clothing, colors), or written/audio (music). Common science fiction codes and conventions include aliens, spaceships, technology, and futuristic elements. Music magazine mastheads use consistent fonts and locations to create recognizable brands, though colors may change over time. Genres also have expected codes - metal magazines typically use dark colors and serious imagery,