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I N T EG R AT E D L EA D E RS H I P A N D C OA C H I N G
CO-CREATING FERGUSON
RELATIONSHIPS & COACHING
PRESENTED BY:
TERRI MCCORMICK
814 BUILDING LEADER CAPACITY
 Critique of Ferguson City Government Leadership
Development Plan
 Police Department and City Council
 Identification of the Organization
 Ferguson Municipal government: Mayor and six council members, Police force has 58
officers.
 Crime Rates and Statistics: Ferguson is safer than 13.4% of the cities in the nation. The
crime rate is less than 7% of the cities in Missouri. The chance of being a victim of a
crime in Ferguson is 1 in 19. The chance of being a victim of a violent crime in Ferguson
is 1 in 266. The chance of being a victim of a property crime in Ferguson is 1 in 21
(www.areavibes.com).
 Population Demographics: 21,203 (2010 U.S.C.R.) – Blacks outnumber Whites 2:1, 5X
higher than St. Louis County (Koplowitz, 2014).
 Significance: The Ferguson Police Department has been placed under national scrutiny
due to the shooting death of Michael Brown. Brown was an unarmed black eighteen-
year-old who was caught on videotape robbing a convenience store. Brown was shortly
thereafter confronted for the robbery as a suspect and thereby shot during a struggle for
a police officer’s gun. The national backlash in major cities across the United States
would suggest that this shooting death was far more significant than another shooting of
a person perpetrating a robbery.
GRAND JURY AS CATALYST
Three Forensic Investigators Confirmed the Following:
First shot fired at close range hitting Brown’s right thumb, gave weight to
Wilson’s testimony that the two struggled for the gun in Wilson’s police
vehicle
Brown’s blood was found on Wilson’s gun and uniform as well as inside
the police vehicle, microscopic matter on the gun barrel of the gun
matched Brown’s thumb wound
St. Louis County toxicology found marijuana in Brown’s system
Autopsy and forensic evidence proved several witnesses testimony null
and void, later witnesses recanted their stories as untrue
Ferguson
Facts in the
Case
FERGUSON & FEDERAL JUSTICE
CONSULTANTS
Timeline of Events:
 August confrontation and shooting of Michael Brown – Looting and destruction of public
property ensues on West Florissant Business District
 September Justice Department deploys to Ferguson with its own forensics investigator
and other investigators to find witnesses
 October Justice Department continues to work with Ferguson Law Enforcement and the
District Attorney in examining all evidence
 November 10, 2014 the Ferguson Municipal government with federal consultants –
announce a Leadership Plan Forward for peace
 November 25, 2014 the Grand Jury with full knowledge of Justice Department announces
No Indictment Decision against Officer Nelson
 November 25, 2014 – Current: Arson, Destruction of public property, Protests, Threats
against the District Attorney and Law Enforcement
November 10,
2014 Municipal
Leadership Plan
4-POINT LEADERSHIP PLAN
FOCUS ON POLICY & GRANTS
 I: Improve Relations Between Police Department and Residents – Establish Citizen Review
Board; Implement Body and Dash Cameras; Recruit diverse police officers with residency
incentives and scholarships; Improve Relations between Police and Youth with Explorer
program; Legislation to set rules for law enforcement to follow with deadly force –
investigation & release of information
 2: Improve Municipal Court Operations – First in region to: Abolish administrative fees for
towing, continuances, arrest warrants, and court costs; Set limits on municipal court
revenues; Repeal failure to appear offense, Establish a payment docket for defendants who
can’t pay fines
 3: Commitment to West Florissant Avenue Business District – Fund West Florissant
Corridor Master Plan to improve streetscape, bike and pedestrian amenities; Support
Business Owners on West Florissant with loans and funds from St. Louis Economic
Development Partnership, Small Business Relief Program, and Reinvest North County Fund
 4: Engage Residents in Dialogue to Improve & Strengthen Community – for school,
graduate from high school, training in post secondary, youth employment, and keep youth
safe from violent crime
 LOCAL ACTION SUMMIT Ferguson Community Center – to ACCESS NEEDS,
DETERMINE PRIORITIES, SET DIRECTION
• Keep Ferguson Safe from Further destruction of property and crime that
followed the August 2014 death of Michael Brown
• Ferguson Police and Fire Departments – to be well-staffed in the days
surrounding the future announcement of the Grand Jury
• St. Louis Police and Missouri Highway Patrol to support Ferguson Police
Force with the “Unified Command” to direct response to any threats to
the safety of residents and the protection of property
• Ferguson Mayor & City Council in receipt of support from State and
Federal agencies requesting ANY and ALL Assistance Possible
• Governor Nixon will issue an order to use the National Guard if necessary
NOVEMBER 15, 2014
PLEDGE OF SUPPORT
Ferguson
Assessment of
Needs
RESULTS OF THE PLEDGES BY
THE U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL & MISSOURI GOVERNOR?
CULTURAL DIVIDE IN FERGUSON
MAJORITY POPULATION
DEMOGRAPHIC FORCES
67% African American in Section
8 Housing in North/NE Ferguson
Department of Justice & City
Council align against law
enforcement, the District
Attorney and current Laws on
the Books.
Hate Speech is common against
Whites as cause of African
American misery
MINORITY POPULATION
COUNTER FORCES
30% White American
predominantly in home
ownership
Rule of Law is trusted to protect
individuals and property
White Flight maps the decline
of economic stability in
Ferguson and St. Louis County
Knowledge
Content of
Leadership
Skill Levels
TASK
EMOTIONAL
SOCIAL
IDENTITY
META-
MONITORING
VALUE
ORIENTATION
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT (LORD AND HALL, 2005)
ASSESSMENT – PRE-PROGRAM
– Mind Garden’s State-Trait Anxiety
Inventory for Adults (STAI) to measure
anxiety and depression in adults. A 10
minute group assessment requiring a 6th
grade reading level (pre and post program)
- Situational Outlook Questionnaire (SOQ)
to measure perceptions about climate,
team, or leader to be creative and
innovative. Instrument uses 53 questions
focusing on 9-dimensions of Org. Climate:
challenge/involvement, freedom,
trust/openness, idea-time,
playfulness/humor, conflict, idea-support,
debate, and risk taking
- Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
(MLQ) measures individual leadership
styles from passive to transformational/
information on leader characteristics
VITAL FORCES:
A PERSON IS NOT A
PERSON UNLESS
CONNECTED WITH
OTHERS.
(African Humanistic
Thinking)
ALTERNATIVE PLAN
CO-CREATING
FERGUSON
CHALLENGE – THE PROGRAM
OBJECTIVE: Look through the Lens of others &
begin to build a common language/ sense
making to strengthen the community
Results of the STAI, SOQ, MLQ will be shared
Examples of Challenge activities: variety of
methods to reach all learners; use of the arts
to make making e.g. art, drama, music;
diverse group sharing; program content
appropriate to overall goals and objectives of
the program designed and co-created by all
participants
SUPPORT – POST PROGRAM
Coaching: Scaffold Building to “Flex the Habit
of Mind” (Berger, 2012, p. 145)
One on one Coaching & Group Dialogue: self-
sovereign, socialized, self-authored, and self-
transforming leaders and leadership
DIVERSITY COACHING:
Understanding the
differences you can see,
and the differences you
can not see.
(Berger, p. 9)
ALTERNATIVE PLAN
CO-CREATING
FERGUSON
A FRAMEWORK FOR
COACHING THE ACS MODEL
RELATIONSHIPS
RAPPORT,
COLLABORATION,
COMMITMENT
DEPTH OF COACHING
BEHAVIORAL
QUESTIONS TO
IDENTIFY LESS
DESIRABLE IMPACT:
INTERNAL FORCES-
UNDERLYING
DRIVERS-ROOT
CAUSES.
ASSESSMENT
“UNFREEZING” TO
CREATE AWARENESS OF
HOW ONE AFFECTS
OTHERS: CURRENT
SKILLS AND
PERSPECTIVES, 360, RICH
ASSESSMENT
CHALLENGE
CREATE
DISEQUILIBRIUM:
OPPORTUNITY FOR
LEARNING AND CHANGE
SUPPORT
IDENTIFY
MOTIVATORS,
RECOGNIZE WINS and
SETBACKS AND
IDENTIFY RESOURCES
AND STRATEGIES
FORMAL
COACHING
LEADER
DEVELOPMENT
Today…
RESULTS
Behavioral
Personal
Learning
TIMELINE FOR EVALUATION
Evaluation Plan Matrix
Coaching Action Learning Projects Post Program
Week 1: Assessments & Personal Goals established: MLQ, SOQ, STAI
Week 2: Reflection, journal, dialogue: How will Leaders help Ferguson?
Week 3: Coaching Strategies Development – are mental habits shifting?
Week 4: Action Ideas for the My Brother’s Keeper Project (Who, What)
Week 5: Post Program – Re-Assess STAI, 360 MLQ, SOQ – Dialogue

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Ferguson, Missouri: What Should Have/Could Have Been Done?

  • 1. I N T EG R AT E D L EA D E RS H I P A N D C OA C H I N G CO-CREATING FERGUSON RELATIONSHIPS & COACHING PRESENTED BY: TERRI MCCORMICK 814 BUILDING LEADER CAPACITY
  • 2.  Critique of Ferguson City Government Leadership Development Plan  Police Department and City Council  Identification of the Organization  Ferguson Municipal government: Mayor and six council members, Police force has 58 officers.  Crime Rates and Statistics: Ferguson is safer than 13.4% of the cities in the nation. The crime rate is less than 7% of the cities in Missouri. The chance of being a victim of a crime in Ferguson is 1 in 19. The chance of being a victim of a violent crime in Ferguson is 1 in 266. The chance of being a victim of a property crime in Ferguson is 1 in 21 (www.areavibes.com).  Population Demographics: 21,203 (2010 U.S.C.R.) – Blacks outnumber Whites 2:1, 5X higher than St. Louis County (Koplowitz, 2014).  Significance: The Ferguson Police Department has been placed under national scrutiny due to the shooting death of Michael Brown. Brown was an unarmed black eighteen- year-old who was caught on videotape robbing a convenience store. Brown was shortly thereafter confronted for the robbery as a suspect and thereby shot during a struggle for a police officer’s gun. The national backlash in major cities across the United States would suggest that this shooting death was far more significant than another shooting of a person perpetrating a robbery.
  • 3. GRAND JURY AS CATALYST Three Forensic Investigators Confirmed the Following: First shot fired at close range hitting Brown’s right thumb, gave weight to Wilson’s testimony that the two struggled for the gun in Wilson’s police vehicle Brown’s blood was found on Wilson’s gun and uniform as well as inside the police vehicle, microscopic matter on the gun barrel of the gun matched Brown’s thumb wound St. Louis County toxicology found marijuana in Brown’s system Autopsy and forensic evidence proved several witnesses testimony null and void, later witnesses recanted their stories as untrue Ferguson Facts in the Case
  • 4. FERGUSON & FEDERAL JUSTICE CONSULTANTS Timeline of Events:  August confrontation and shooting of Michael Brown – Looting and destruction of public property ensues on West Florissant Business District  September Justice Department deploys to Ferguson with its own forensics investigator and other investigators to find witnesses  October Justice Department continues to work with Ferguson Law Enforcement and the District Attorney in examining all evidence  November 10, 2014 the Ferguson Municipal government with federal consultants – announce a Leadership Plan Forward for peace  November 25, 2014 the Grand Jury with full knowledge of Justice Department announces No Indictment Decision against Officer Nelson  November 25, 2014 – Current: Arson, Destruction of public property, Protests, Threats against the District Attorney and Law Enforcement November 10, 2014 Municipal Leadership Plan
  • 5. 4-POINT LEADERSHIP PLAN FOCUS ON POLICY & GRANTS  I: Improve Relations Between Police Department and Residents – Establish Citizen Review Board; Implement Body and Dash Cameras; Recruit diverse police officers with residency incentives and scholarships; Improve Relations between Police and Youth with Explorer program; Legislation to set rules for law enforcement to follow with deadly force – investigation & release of information  2: Improve Municipal Court Operations – First in region to: Abolish administrative fees for towing, continuances, arrest warrants, and court costs; Set limits on municipal court revenues; Repeal failure to appear offense, Establish a payment docket for defendants who can’t pay fines  3: Commitment to West Florissant Avenue Business District – Fund West Florissant Corridor Master Plan to improve streetscape, bike and pedestrian amenities; Support Business Owners on West Florissant with loans and funds from St. Louis Economic Development Partnership, Small Business Relief Program, and Reinvest North County Fund  4: Engage Residents in Dialogue to Improve & Strengthen Community – for school, graduate from high school, training in post secondary, youth employment, and keep youth safe from violent crime
  • 6.  LOCAL ACTION SUMMIT Ferguson Community Center – to ACCESS NEEDS, DETERMINE PRIORITIES, SET DIRECTION • Keep Ferguson Safe from Further destruction of property and crime that followed the August 2014 death of Michael Brown • Ferguson Police and Fire Departments – to be well-staffed in the days surrounding the future announcement of the Grand Jury • St. Louis Police and Missouri Highway Patrol to support Ferguson Police Force with the “Unified Command” to direct response to any threats to the safety of residents and the protection of property • Ferguson Mayor & City Council in receipt of support from State and Federal agencies requesting ANY and ALL Assistance Possible • Governor Nixon will issue an order to use the National Guard if necessary NOVEMBER 15, 2014 PLEDGE OF SUPPORT Ferguson Assessment of Needs
  • 7. RESULTS OF THE PLEDGES BY THE U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL & MISSOURI GOVERNOR?
  • 8.
  • 9. CULTURAL DIVIDE IN FERGUSON MAJORITY POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC FORCES 67% African American in Section 8 Housing in North/NE Ferguson Department of Justice & City Council align against law enforcement, the District Attorney and current Laws on the Books. Hate Speech is common against Whites as cause of African American misery MINORITY POPULATION COUNTER FORCES 30% White American predominantly in home ownership Rule of Law is trusted to protect individuals and property White Flight maps the decline of economic stability in Ferguson and St. Louis County
  • 11. ASSESSMENT – PRE-PROGRAM – Mind Garden’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI) to measure anxiety and depression in adults. A 10 minute group assessment requiring a 6th grade reading level (pre and post program) - Situational Outlook Questionnaire (SOQ) to measure perceptions about climate, team, or leader to be creative and innovative. Instrument uses 53 questions focusing on 9-dimensions of Org. Climate: challenge/involvement, freedom, trust/openness, idea-time, playfulness/humor, conflict, idea-support, debate, and risk taking - Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) measures individual leadership styles from passive to transformational/ information on leader characteristics VITAL FORCES: A PERSON IS NOT A PERSON UNLESS CONNECTED WITH OTHERS. (African Humanistic Thinking) ALTERNATIVE PLAN CO-CREATING FERGUSON
  • 12. CHALLENGE – THE PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: Look through the Lens of others & begin to build a common language/ sense making to strengthen the community Results of the STAI, SOQ, MLQ will be shared Examples of Challenge activities: variety of methods to reach all learners; use of the arts to make making e.g. art, drama, music; diverse group sharing; program content appropriate to overall goals and objectives of the program designed and co-created by all participants SUPPORT – POST PROGRAM Coaching: Scaffold Building to “Flex the Habit of Mind” (Berger, 2012, p. 145) One on one Coaching & Group Dialogue: self- sovereign, socialized, self-authored, and self- transforming leaders and leadership DIVERSITY COACHING: Understanding the differences you can see, and the differences you can not see. (Berger, p. 9) ALTERNATIVE PLAN CO-CREATING FERGUSON
  • 13. A FRAMEWORK FOR COACHING THE ACS MODEL RELATIONSHIPS RAPPORT, COLLABORATION, COMMITMENT DEPTH OF COACHING BEHAVIORAL QUESTIONS TO IDENTIFY LESS DESIRABLE IMPACT: INTERNAL FORCES- UNDERLYING DRIVERS-ROOT CAUSES. ASSESSMENT “UNFREEZING” TO CREATE AWARENESS OF HOW ONE AFFECTS OTHERS: CURRENT SKILLS AND PERSPECTIVES, 360, RICH ASSESSMENT CHALLENGE CREATE DISEQUILIBRIUM: OPPORTUNITY FOR LEARNING AND CHANGE SUPPORT IDENTIFY MOTIVATORS, RECOGNIZE WINS and SETBACKS AND IDENTIFY RESOURCES AND STRATEGIES FORMAL COACHING LEADER DEVELOPMENT Today… RESULTS Behavioral Personal Learning
  • 14. TIMELINE FOR EVALUATION Evaluation Plan Matrix Coaching Action Learning Projects Post Program Week 1: Assessments & Personal Goals established: MLQ, SOQ, STAI Week 2: Reflection, journal, dialogue: How will Leaders help Ferguson? Week 3: Coaching Strategies Development – are mental habits shifting? Week 4: Action Ideas for the My Brother’s Keeper Project (Who, What) Week 5: Post Program – Re-Assess STAI, 360 MLQ, SOQ – Dialogue

Editor's Notes

  1. The FOUR POINT PLAN: Did not include all Municipal Government input and feedback – it failed to include law enforcement and the District Attorney’s office Used a Top Down approach with consultation from the Federal Government Viewed waiving the municipal fees and court fees as the “cause” of rioting and arson and destruction of property Provided carrots to business to stay in Ferguson despite high crime and destruction of their property Used POTUS’ safe school initiative as a long range program (Is this a local initiative?) Police Department reform seen as moving diverse officers in with residency requirements
  2. On the SURFACE – IT WOULD APPEAR ALL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ARE COMMITED TO WORK TOGETHER TO PROTECT AGAINST THE DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC PROPERTY, AND FURTHER INJURY
  3. SKILL BASED APPROACH: BASED ON CAPABILITIES THAT INDIVIDUALS POSSESS TO EFFECTIVELY PERFORM ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERHSIP ROLES (Mumford, Zaccaro, Harding, Jacobs, & Fleishman, 2000). RELATIONAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT between Leader and Follower - SKILLS FROM NOVICE TO INTERMEDIATE TO EXPERT 1. “Some aspects of leadership could be learned especially leader skills … although the degree of learning varies on individual differences in attributes and motivation” (Doh, 2003). TWO FACTOR MODEL: ( STOGDILL AND COONS, 1957) Behavioral factors of initiating structure and consideration to the leadership literature. ROBUST RESEARCH EVIDENCE: 1. Meta – Analysis of TWO FACTORS show Leadership factors predict individual outcomes such as followers’ satisfaction and job performance (Judge, Piccolo, & Ilies, 2004). Individual Skills a focus of leadership literature (Barnard, 1938), “functions of the executive” Early Taxonomies (Mann, 1965) proposed four categories of leader skills including technical, conceptual, interpersonal, and administrative skills Complexity Theory (Zaccaro, 1999) (Jacobs & Jaques, 1987; D. Katz & Kahn, 1978; R.L. Katz, 1955) – approaches require the higher the organizational level, the greater is the complexity needed by a leader to perform effectively. Interpersonal Skills required for middle and lower level management to manage conflict, encourage subordinates, and create trust and loyalty etc… Different Categories of Leadership Skill requirements emerge at different organizational levels - cognitive skills at all levels/ strategic skills at highest organizational levels (T.V. Mumford, Campion, & Morgeson, 2007). TECHNICAL SKILLS – PREDICT IDEA GENERATION AND EVALUATION SKILLS OF EMPLOYEES (D. Katz & R.L.Kahn, 1978). ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS – PLANNING, ORGANIZING, CONTROLLING, AND COORDINATING (Boyzatis, 1982). INTERPERSONAL SKILLS –EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE REQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND AND ANALYZE SOCIAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG FOLLOWERS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THEIR NEEDS – PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS – INNOVATIVE IN GENERATING SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX CHALLENGES; PROBLEM-SOLVING IS A SERIES OF SKILLS E.G. PROBLEM CONSTRUCTION, GENERATING ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS, EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES, AND IMPLEMENTING SOLUTIONS (Runco & Chand, 1994). SKILL ACQUISITION – ROLE OF ATTENTION AND THE ABILITY – MOTIVATION LINK .. IN DEVELOPING RELEVANT KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS (Kanfer and Ackerman, 1989) PRODUCTION SYSTEM PHASES OF SKILL ACQUISITION (Anderson, 1985) – DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE – facts about task requirement, KNOWLEDGE COMPILATION – integrates processes to complete the task, reducing the cognitive load. PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE – the stage that practiced skill is automated and only minimal attention is needed to accomplish the task. DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERTISE – EXPERTS ARE BETTER ABLE TO SEE MEANINGFUL PATTERNS IN A PARTICULAR KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN – thus more quickly solve problems with fewer errors, process information more deeply, remember more (Chi, Glaser, and Farr, 1988). TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT TRANSFER – TRAINING IS PROCEDURES AND PROCESSES USED TO TEACH PROVEN SOLUTIONS TO KNOWN PROBLEMS. EFFECTIVE TRAINING WILL INVOLVE GIVING TRAINEES WITH SOME MIX OF PROCESS AND OUTCOME FEEDBACK. Development is a longer process with the purpose of enhancing individuals’ capacity for being able to quickly make sense of the environment and adapt effectively by learning their way out of problems (D.V.Day & Hapin, 2004). LEADER DEVELOPMENT – LESS OF A PROBLEM WITH TRANSFER DUE TO THE FACT THAT THEY OCCUR IN THE CONTEXT OF ONGOING WORK (D.V. Day, 2000) LEADERSHIP TRAINING REQUIRES A SOCIAL CONTEXT – with concern for context and the recognition of the long-term nature of acquiring expert performance. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT - ORIGINS IN: 1. BEHAVIORIST TRADITION – FOCUSING ON THE ACQUISITION OF MICROLEVEL SKILLS AND ABILITIES; 2. GESTALT TRADITION – FOCUSING ON CHANGES IN ABSTRACT REASONING AND EGO DEVELOPMENT – THUS MENTAL PROCESSES AND STRUCTURES WITHOUT REGARD FOROBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS. EXPERT LEADER THUS HAS: SOPHISTICATED REASONING SKILLS, COMPLEX KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES, AND REPERTOIRE OF OBSERVABLE SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES THAT IS BOTH BROAD AND DEEP. BEST APPROACH - EFFECTIVE LEADER DEVELOPMENT INCORPORATES - ASSESSMENT, CHALLENGE, AND SUPPORT TO integrate both training and development approaches
  4. COACH AND COACHEE: notion of a coach relating with a coachee to facilitate the coachee’s accomplishing something in the future (Douglas and Morley, 2000; Hargrove, 2002; Hudson, 1999; International Coaching Federation, 2003; Whitmore, 1996; Witherspoon and White, 1997). Coaching can take on the forms of one-on-one, multiple coaches with a single coachee, multiple coachees with a single coach, or coaching integrated with other developmental experiences. Formal Coaching: for individual development used in the A.C.S. Model Assessment, Challenge, Support **COACHING PRINCIPLES: Create a safe but challenging environment, Work with the coachee’s agenda, Facilitate (not direct), Advocate Self-Awareness, Promote sustainable learning from experience **COACHING PROCESS: Preprogram Activities (assessing need and readiness, matching coachee and coach, and designing the program) - Program Implementation Activities (getting started, evaluating the current state, reviewing the feedback and facilitating awareness, constructing a personal learning agenda, implementing the plan, measuring outcomes, transitioning from coaching) – Post program activities (evaluating program and coach effectiveness)