The document summarizes information about Bangladesh's coastal region in 3 paragraphs:
The coastal region of Bangladesh spans approximately 720 km along the Bay of Bengal, with diverse landscapes including sandy beaches, mangrove forests, estuaries, and deltaic plains. It is divided administratively into several districts, sub-districts, and union councils, with a total population of around 45 million people or 30% of Bangladesh's population living across the coastal zone. The coastal region can be divided geomorphologically into the Ganges Tidal Plain, Meghna Deltaic Plain, and Chittagong Coastal Plain zones.
The coastal region faces several natural hazards including coastal flooding, cyclones, storm surges, erosion
Transboundary issue with the neighboring country is increasing day by day .. Bay of bengal is one of the significant resource of Bangladesh. in this slide I tried to describe the common issues between our wo neighbor contry India and Myanmar.
Coastal Erosion risk Analysis- Bhola District, Bangladesh_FinalMichael T
This document summarizes a coastal erosion risk analysis conducted in Bhola District, Bangladesh. The study area experiences significant coastal erosion due to factors like river discharge, strong tides, storms, and sea level rise. The objectives were to identify erosion hotspots and rank areas to prioritize disaster reduction plans. Data on land use, population, infrastructure, and hazards was collected and analyzed using GIS. Hazard, exposure, and risk maps were produced. The northern areas face higher erosion rates and risk due to greater exposure from population, development, and infrastructure. Adaptation strategies focused on resilience in northern areas and hazard mitigation in southern areas were recommended.
Sri Lanka has over 1,500 km of coastline containing diverse coastal habitats. Increasing population growth and development have degraded coastal environments through issues like coastal erosion, loss of habitats, pollution, and damage to cultural sites. Sri Lanka enacted the Coast Conservation Act in 1981 to regulate development and established the Coast Conservation Department. The Act and subsequent Coastal Zone Management Plan set targets to address key issues through management of erosion, habitats, pollution and special coastal areas while supporting sustainable development. Sri Lanka's coastal program is strengthened by its strong legal framework, leadership, political support and adaptive incremental approach.
This document summarizes coastal management issues in Sri Lanka. It discusses Sri Lanka's coastal policy framework and legislation. Some key issues facing Sri Lanka's coasts are coastal erosion, loss and degradation of coastal habitats like mangroves and coral reefs, and coastal pollution. Coastal erosion is a severe problem, with an estimated 175,000-285,000 square meters of coastal land lost each year. Major causes include natural processes and human activities like sand and coral mining. Rapid development has also degraded coastal ecosystems and archaeological sites.
Sustainable management of the bay of the bay of bengal large marine ecosystemLashio University
This document provides an overview of Myanmar's coastal and marine environments and resources. It describes the three main coastal zones - Rakhine Coast, Ayeyarwady Delta, and Tanintharyi Coast. These zones contain various ecosystems like mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and seaweed forests that support important fisheries. However, these environments face threats such as overexploitation, pollution, and development activities. The report identifies priority actions needed to promote sustainable management, including monitoring programs, environmental impact assessments, and conservation of coastal habitats and fisheries.
Sustainable management of the bay of the bay of bengal large marine ecosystemLashio University
Myanmar as coastal country of the Bay of Bengal is fully aware of the trans-boundary effects on the health of the coastal and marine environment, its living resources and realizes that the problem must be solved by a regional cooperation effort.
The document discusses coastal zone management in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has a complex coastline affected by natural hazards. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is presented as a dynamic, multidisciplinary process to promote sustainable management. Key components of ICZM in Bangladesh include a coastal zone policy, coastal development strategy, and priority investment program. Challenges to management include implementation difficulties, poverty, pollution, and climate change impacts. Improved governance, policies, information sharing, and sustained political support are seen as important initiatives needed for effective coastal zone management.
Assignment On Integrated Coastal Management Problem And ProspectKaren Benoit
The document discusses integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), specifically in Bangladesh. It begins by defining ICZM and its objectives of managing coastal areas sustainably to balance environmental, economic, social and other factors. It then provides details on Bangladesh's coastal zone, dividing it into three regions, and discusses why management is needed due to natural hazards and human impacts. The importance of coastal zones is outlined in terms of resources and productivity. The status of ICZM in Bangladesh covers managing coastal people, resources, economy and environment sustainably. Prospects and problems of coastal zone management are then summarized.
Transboundary issue with the neighboring country is increasing day by day .. Bay of bengal is one of the significant resource of Bangladesh. in this slide I tried to describe the common issues between our wo neighbor contry India and Myanmar.
Coastal Erosion risk Analysis- Bhola District, Bangladesh_FinalMichael T
This document summarizes a coastal erosion risk analysis conducted in Bhola District, Bangladesh. The study area experiences significant coastal erosion due to factors like river discharge, strong tides, storms, and sea level rise. The objectives were to identify erosion hotspots and rank areas to prioritize disaster reduction plans. Data on land use, population, infrastructure, and hazards was collected and analyzed using GIS. Hazard, exposure, and risk maps were produced. The northern areas face higher erosion rates and risk due to greater exposure from population, development, and infrastructure. Adaptation strategies focused on resilience in northern areas and hazard mitigation in southern areas were recommended.
Sri Lanka has over 1,500 km of coastline containing diverse coastal habitats. Increasing population growth and development have degraded coastal environments through issues like coastal erosion, loss of habitats, pollution, and damage to cultural sites. Sri Lanka enacted the Coast Conservation Act in 1981 to regulate development and established the Coast Conservation Department. The Act and subsequent Coastal Zone Management Plan set targets to address key issues through management of erosion, habitats, pollution and special coastal areas while supporting sustainable development. Sri Lanka's coastal program is strengthened by its strong legal framework, leadership, political support and adaptive incremental approach.
This document summarizes coastal management issues in Sri Lanka. It discusses Sri Lanka's coastal policy framework and legislation. Some key issues facing Sri Lanka's coasts are coastal erosion, loss and degradation of coastal habitats like mangroves and coral reefs, and coastal pollution. Coastal erosion is a severe problem, with an estimated 175,000-285,000 square meters of coastal land lost each year. Major causes include natural processes and human activities like sand and coral mining. Rapid development has also degraded coastal ecosystems and archaeological sites.
Sustainable management of the bay of the bay of bengal large marine ecosystemLashio University
This document provides an overview of Myanmar's coastal and marine environments and resources. It describes the three main coastal zones - Rakhine Coast, Ayeyarwady Delta, and Tanintharyi Coast. These zones contain various ecosystems like mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and seaweed forests that support important fisheries. However, these environments face threats such as overexploitation, pollution, and development activities. The report identifies priority actions needed to promote sustainable management, including monitoring programs, environmental impact assessments, and conservation of coastal habitats and fisheries.
Sustainable management of the bay of the bay of bengal large marine ecosystemLashio University
Myanmar as coastal country of the Bay of Bengal is fully aware of the trans-boundary effects on the health of the coastal and marine environment, its living resources and realizes that the problem must be solved by a regional cooperation effort.
The document discusses coastal zone management in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh has a complex coastline affected by natural hazards. Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is presented as a dynamic, multidisciplinary process to promote sustainable management. Key components of ICZM in Bangladesh include a coastal zone policy, coastal development strategy, and priority investment program. Challenges to management include implementation difficulties, poverty, pollution, and climate change impacts. Improved governance, policies, information sharing, and sustained political support are seen as important initiatives needed for effective coastal zone management.
Assignment On Integrated Coastal Management Problem And ProspectKaren Benoit
The document discusses integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), specifically in Bangladesh. It begins by defining ICZM and its objectives of managing coastal areas sustainably to balance environmental, economic, social and other factors. It then provides details on Bangladesh's coastal zone, dividing it into three regions, and discusses why management is needed due to natural hazards and human impacts. The importance of coastal zones is outlined in terms of resources and productivity. The status of ICZM in Bangladesh covers managing coastal people, resources, economy and environment sustainably. Prospects and problems of coastal zone management are then summarized.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Tsunami risk assessment of sandwip island in the coast of bangladesh using gi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The threat of tsunami on the coastal region of Bangladesh has emerged after the Great Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004. Previously, it was thought that Bangladesh is beyond the threat of tsunami but the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami has raised the need for assessing tsunami risk on Bangladesh coast, since about 32 percent of the people live in these areas. A number of geological faults have been identified in the vicinity of Bay of Bengal; which are currently being considered for potential sources of underwater earthquake. For this study, the guidelines from Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is followed which includes assessing the hazard, vulnerability and final risk due to tsunami. GIS analysis was performed on the tsunami hazard map to find the ultimate risk. From the analysis it was found that a minimum of about 60 percent of people in the shelter units which are susceptible to potential inundation are at risk to lose their lives. With rise of inundation heights, the percentage of possible loss of people also rises accordingly. Again a night-time tsunami poses more threat to people than a day-time tsunami. It was focused to combine the results of hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for a community in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Keywords: IOC Guidelines, Day and Night Time Tsunami, Risk Mapping
The document discusses the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use and protection of ocean resources for economic growth. It includes sectors like fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, and marine biotechnology. For Bangladesh, the blue economy potential lies in marine fisheries, gas, oil, minerals, and tourism. However, challenges include ensuring sovereignty over coastal waters, developing eco-friendly infrastructure, and preventing pollution. Future steps involve protecting resources, investing in technology and skills, and sustainably developing untapped sectors through research and planning.
The document provides an executive summary and overview of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Some key points:
- The government is boosting connectivity through a submarine optical fibre cable and establishing Andaman and Nicobar as a port-led growth hub given its strategic location. Tourism projects are being developed through public-private partnerships.
- Agricultural development projects aim to boost self-help groups and micro-level entrepreneurship. Establishing a trans-shipment port on Great Nicobar Island will boost maritime trade for India and Southeast Asia.
- 12 islands have been chosen for high-impact projects under Aatmanirbhar Bharat focusing on sea-based, organic and coconut-based
The document provides an overview of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. Some key points:
- The government is working to boost connectivity and tourism in the islands through projects like a submarine optical cable and developing tourism projects through public-private partnerships.
- Agriculture and maritime trade are being developed through projects by NABARD and plans for a trans-shipment port on Great Nicobar Island.
- 12 islands have been chosen for high-impact projects to improve trade of sea-based, organic and coconut-based products and support self-sufficiency as part of India's Aatmanirbhar Bharat program.
- The islands have seen increased investment in infrastructure
The document defines key coastal landforms and zones. It classifies Bangladesh's coast into 3 regions - eastern, central, and western - based on geomorphology, sediment composition, and economic activities. The central zone has high sediment deposition from river systems. The western zone has stable mangrove forests. Coasts can also be classified based on factors like river discharge, wave/tide forces, and sediment type. Sea level rise is caused by thermal expansion and melting ice, and impacts coasts through saltwater intrusion, wetland and agricultural land loss, and threats to fisheries and food security.
1. Bangladesh is prone to frequent and devastating floods due to its location within the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basin and low-lying topography. Major floods occur when the peaks of seasonal flooding from the Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Meghna rivers coincide.
2. Flooding has both benefits and harms for Bangladesh - annual flooding deposits fertile silt but excessive or prolonged flooding can damage crops and infrastructure. Different types of floods that impact Bangladesh include river floods, flash floods, rain-fed floods, and coastal floods caused by storm surges.
3. The primary causes of floods are the unique hydrological characteristics of the Ganges-Brahmaput
The document discusses coastal economics and recreation in Bangladesh. It covers key sectors like fisheries, agriculture, aquaculture, ports, tourism, and challenges. Fisheries contribute substantially to GDP and employment. Agriculture and aquaculture also support coastal livelihoods. Tourism is growing and offers natural and cultural attractions. However, coastal areas face threats from climate change and environmental degradation. Sustainable management is needed for long-term economic and recreational use of coastal resources.
Key Issues & Challenges for Inland Water Transportation Network in IndiaIJSRD
The authors explore transport and trade as two broad service sectors of inland water resources. An attempt is made to find out the key issues and challenges from this sector with the evolving understanding of Indian inland water transportation system. The paper explains the background of inland water transport sector in India along with the discussion of issues and challenges faced by the same. The authors state that co-operation and co-ordination between inter-state governments is a strategic element to expand the network of inland water transport system in India beyond state boundaries. Conclusively, the prospect of inland navigation looks promising, wherein issues on infrastructural gaps and institutional support are addressed suitably.
The document discusses floodplain management in Pakistan and provides options for diverting flood waters from heavily impacted areas to Ramsar sites. It summarizes that the 2010 Pakistan floods caused the greatest damage despite having a similar extent to prior major floods. It then analyzes three Ramsar sites in Sindh - the Indus Dolphin Reserve, Drigh Lake, and Deh Akro-II Desert Wetland Complex - and determines that Deh Akro-II would be the best option for diverting flood waters since it is located near severely impacted districts but away from major settlements and could help restore the wildlife sanctuary. Satellite imagery was used to map the 2010 flood extent and land use in the region.
The document provides information about Great Nicobar Island, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. It describes the island's area, population, climate, ecosystems including tropical forests and coastal plains. It notes the island is home to endangered species and indigenous tribes. The document then summarizes a proposed development project for Great Nicobar Island that includes an international container port, airport, township, and power plant. However, environmental groups have raised concerns that the large-scale project will negatively impact the island's biodiversity through loss of forest cover and displacement of tribes. There are also issues with the environmental impact assessment for the project.
The coastline of Tamil Nadu extends 1,076 km along the southeast coast of India. Chennai is located in the northern part of the coastline, while Kanniyakumari forms the southern tip where three seas meet. The coastal region contains 13 districts with 15 major ports and harbors. It has played an important role in sea trade throughout history due to its position along ancient trade routes. The coast supports a fishing industry and aquaculture, though conflicts sometimes occur with Sri Lankan fishermen. The region is prone to tropical cyclones and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused significant damage. Rising sea levels due to climate change also threaten coastal infrastructure and land. The coast contains several beaches, including the
Landforms of bangladesh and their relation to natural hazardsJahangir Alam
Landforms of Bangladesh and their Relation to natural hazards:
Bangladesh is situated between 23 34’ and 26 38’ North latitude and 88 01’ and 92 41’East longitude.
The topography is flat with elevation not exceeding 10 meters above mean sea level.
Floodplain and piedmont plains occupy almost 80 percent of the land area.
It is a low-lying, riverine country located in South Asia with a largely marshy jungle coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal.
Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity.
To know about the land forms of Bangladesh.
To know about the hazards of Bangladesh.
To find out the relationship between landforms and Hazards.
Topography is a configuration of a land surface including it’s relief and contours, the distribution of mountains and valleys , the patterns of rivers and other natural features that produce the landscape .
There are three distinctive natural features in Bangladesh.
A broad alluvial plain subject to frequent flooding.
A slightly elevated relatively older plain
A small hill region drained by fant flowing rivers.
Wetland Restoration, Rehabilitation & Management Strategies for Conservation ...Sezan Sakawat
A wetland is an ecosystem characterized by the presence of water, either permanently or seasonally. It covered by various geographical areas, including coastal areas, inland regions, and even also arid environments.
The definition of the Ramsar Convention is:
“Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters”
According to the Bangladesh water act, 2013 wetland defines as "Wetland means any land where water remains at the level of surface or close to it and which inundates with shallow water from time to time, and where grows such plants that may usually grow and survive in marsh land." Rivers, floodplains, haor, baor, beel, jheel, ponds, low-lying places, etc. are commonly thought of as wetlands in Bangladesh. Wetlands also refer to inlands that flood periodically and coastal regions where water is deposited owing to tidal effect.
River Bank Erosion, Risk Assessment and Communication planning fot communitti...Tusliha
This document summarizes a presentation on river bank erosion in Bangladesh. It discusses how river bank erosion is a major ongoing disaster in Bangladesh that affects millions of people each year. Key points made include: (1) River bank erosion is caused by the dynamic nature of Bangladesh's many rivers and results in loss of land and displacement of communities; (2) Important risk factors like water flow and levels, sedimentation, and rainfall are assessed to understand erosion risks; (3) Communication plans are needed to raise awareness of risks and prepare communities for future erosion events. Management relies on both structural measures and policies to support vulnerable groups affected by erosion.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
"How River Filling and Deforestation Are Shaping Bangladesh's Environmental F...MdShimulAhmedBappi
"Please keep in mind the following text. I just wanted to let you know that I don't require a response, just an acknowledgment.
Text: "This is the first article I have written on my analysis of the environment-related issues."
Topic: "How River Filling and Deforestation Are Shaping Bangladesh's Environmental Future."
River filling and deforestation are two critical environmental issues shaping Bangladesh's future. The country’s numerous rivers, which are central to its agriculture and fisheries, are increasingly polluted due to unchecked industrialization and urbanization. This pollution is causing significant harm to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Deforestation, driven by rapid population growth and development needs, is leading to habitat loss and biodiversity decline. Together, these factors contribute to a cycle of environmental degradation that threatens the livelihoods of millions and exacerbates the impacts of climate change, making Bangladesh one of the most vulnerable countries in the world. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the nation’s sustainable growth and development.
Frermip presentation navigation in main rivers .ppt v4Nazmul Hasan Diptu
This document discusses navigation in main rivers in Bangladesh and its impact on river management. It provides background on the history of navigation, presents the current status including passenger and cargo movement as well as key routes. It also discusses future prospects such as plans for expanding routes and increasing dredging capacity given the high demand. Navigation beyond borders, including the India-Bangladesh protocol agreement, is also mentioned to facilitate regional inland water transit and trade.
Final Paper on Rebuilding Aviation InfrastructureHarsh Keshote
This document discusses rebuilding aviation infrastructure in Uttarakhand, India. It notes that due to the mountainous terrain, transportation options are limited to roads, which are difficult to construct and maintain. Aviation is proposed as an important mode of transportation that can help during natural disasters and enable exploration and tourism. The study aims to identify locations for helipads and airports and improve connectivity between rural and urban areas. It provides background on Uttarakhand's geography, recent flooding disaster, current helipad infrastructure, and proposes developing more helipads and improving disaster response through medical air assistance.
The document summarizes key information about the eastern coast of Bangladesh. Some of the main points include:
- The eastern coastal zone extends from Teknaf to Mirsarai along the Feni River estuary and is the most stable part of Bangladesh's coast.
- Major industries in the region include shrimp farming, salt production, and natural gas extraction. The coast also contains forests, mineral resources, and protected areas.
- Key commercial and industrial centers are the Port of Chittagong, the Chittagong Export Processing Zone, and the Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard. The port handles the majority of Bangladesh's international trade.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Tsunami risk assessment of sandwip island in the coast of bangladesh using gi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The threat of tsunami on the coastal region of Bangladesh has emerged after the Great Indian Ocean earthquake in 2004. Previously, it was thought that Bangladesh is beyond the threat of tsunami but the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami has raised the need for assessing tsunami risk on Bangladesh coast, since about 32 percent of the people live in these areas. A number of geological faults have been identified in the vicinity of Bay of Bengal; which are currently being considered for potential sources of underwater earthquake. For this study, the guidelines from Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) is followed which includes assessing the hazard, vulnerability and final risk due to tsunami. GIS analysis was performed on the tsunami hazard map to find the ultimate risk. From the analysis it was found that a minimum of about 60 percent of people in the shelter units which are susceptible to potential inundation are at risk to lose their lives. With rise of inundation heights, the percentage of possible loss of people also rises accordingly. Again a night-time tsunami poses more threat to people than a day-time tsunami. It was focused to combine the results of hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for a community in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Keywords: IOC Guidelines, Day and Night Time Tsunami, Risk Mapping
The document discusses the blue economy, which refers to the sustainable use and protection of ocean resources for economic growth. It includes sectors like fisheries, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, and marine biotechnology. For Bangladesh, the blue economy potential lies in marine fisheries, gas, oil, minerals, and tourism. However, challenges include ensuring sovereignty over coastal waters, developing eco-friendly infrastructure, and preventing pollution. Future steps involve protecting resources, investing in technology and skills, and sustainably developing untapped sectors through research and planning.
The document provides an executive summary and overview of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Some key points:
- The government is boosting connectivity through a submarine optical fibre cable and establishing Andaman and Nicobar as a port-led growth hub given its strategic location. Tourism projects are being developed through public-private partnerships.
- Agricultural development projects aim to boost self-help groups and micro-level entrepreneurship. Establishing a trans-shipment port on Great Nicobar Island will boost maritime trade for India and Southeast Asia.
- 12 islands have been chosen for high-impact projects under Aatmanirbhar Bharat focusing on sea-based, organic and coconut-based
The document provides an overview of the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India. Some key points:
- The government is working to boost connectivity and tourism in the islands through projects like a submarine optical cable and developing tourism projects through public-private partnerships.
- Agriculture and maritime trade are being developed through projects by NABARD and plans for a trans-shipment port on Great Nicobar Island.
- 12 islands have been chosen for high-impact projects to improve trade of sea-based, organic and coconut-based products and support self-sufficiency as part of India's Aatmanirbhar Bharat program.
- The islands have seen increased investment in infrastructure
The document defines key coastal landforms and zones. It classifies Bangladesh's coast into 3 regions - eastern, central, and western - based on geomorphology, sediment composition, and economic activities. The central zone has high sediment deposition from river systems. The western zone has stable mangrove forests. Coasts can also be classified based on factors like river discharge, wave/tide forces, and sediment type. Sea level rise is caused by thermal expansion and melting ice, and impacts coasts through saltwater intrusion, wetland and agricultural land loss, and threats to fisheries and food security.
1. Bangladesh is prone to frequent and devastating floods due to its location within the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basin and low-lying topography. Major floods occur when the peaks of seasonal flooding from the Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Meghna rivers coincide.
2. Flooding has both benefits and harms for Bangladesh - annual flooding deposits fertile silt but excessive or prolonged flooding can damage crops and infrastructure. Different types of floods that impact Bangladesh include river floods, flash floods, rain-fed floods, and coastal floods caused by storm surges.
3. The primary causes of floods are the unique hydrological characteristics of the Ganges-Brahmaput
The document discusses coastal economics and recreation in Bangladesh. It covers key sectors like fisheries, agriculture, aquaculture, ports, tourism, and challenges. Fisheries contribute substantially to GDP and employment. Agriculture and aquaculture also support coastal livelihoods. Tourism is growing and offers natural and cultural attractions. However, coastal areas face threats from climate change and environmental degradation. Sustainable management is needed for long-term economic and recreational use of coastal resources.
Key Issues & Challenges for Inland Water Transportation Network in IndiaIJSRD
The authors explore transport and trade as two broad service sectors of inland water resources. An attempt is made to find out the key issues and challenges from this sector with the evolving understanding of Indian inland water transportation system. The paper explains the background of inland water transport sector in India along with the discussion of issues and challenges faced by the same. The authors state that co-operation and co-ordination between inter-state governments is a strategic element to expand the network of inland water transport system in India beyond state boundaries. Conclusively, the prospect of inland navigation looks promising, wherein issues on infrastructural gaps and institutional support are addressed suitably.
The document discusses floodplain management in Pakistan and provides options for diverting flood waters from heavily impacted areas to Ramsar sites. It summarizes that the 2010 Pakistan floods caused the greatest damage despite having a similar extent to prior major floods. It then analyzes three Ramsar sites in Sindh - the Indus Dolphin Reserve, Drigh Lake, and Deh Akro-II Desert Wetland Complex - and determines that Deh Akro-II would be the best option for diverting flood waters since it is located near severely impacted districts but away from major settlements and could help restore the wildlife sanctuary. Satellite imagery was used to map the 2010 flood extent and land use in the region.
The document provides information about Great Nicobar Island, located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. It describes the island's area, population, climate, ecosystems including tropical forests and coastal plains. It notes the island is home to endangered species and indigenous tribes. The document then summarizes a proposed development project for Great Nicobar Island that includes an international container port, airport, township, and power plant. However, environmental groups have raised concerns that the large-scale project will negatively impact the island's biodiversity through loss of forest cover and displacement of tribes. There are also issues with the environmental impact assessment for the project.
The coastline of Tamil Nadu extends 1,076 km along the southeast coast of India. Chennai is located in the northern part of the coastline, while Kanniyakumari forms the southern tip where three seas meet. The coastal region contains 13 districts with 15 major ports and harbors. It has played an important role in sea trade throughout history due to its position along ancient trade routes. The coast supports a fishing industry and aquaculture, though conflicts sometimes occur with Sri Lankan fishermen. The region is prone to tropical cyclones and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused significant damage. Rising sea levels due to climate change also threaten coastal infrastructure and land. The coast contains several beaches, including the
Landforms of bangladesh and their relation to natural hazardsJahangir Alam
Landforms of Bangladesh and their Relation to natural hazards:
Bangladesh is situated between 23 34’ and 26 38’ North latitude and 88 01’ and 92 41’East longitude.
The topography is flat with elevation not exceeding 10 meters above mean sea level.
Floodplain and piedmont plains occupy almost 80 percent of the land area.
It is a low-lying, riverine country located in South Asia with a largely marshy jungle coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal.
Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity.
To know about the land forms of Bangladesh.
To know about the hazards of Bangladesh.
To find out the relationship between landforms and Hazards.
Topography is a configuration of a land surface including it’s relief and contours, the distribution of mountains and valleys , the patterns of rivers and other natural features that produce the landscape .
There are three distinctive natural features in Bangladesh.
A broad alluvial plain subject to frequent flooding.
A slightly elevated relatively older plain
A small hill region drained by fant flowing rivers.
Wetland Restoration, Rehabilitation & Management Strategies for Conservation ...Sezan Sakawat
A wetland is an ecosystem characterized by the presence of water, either permanently or seasonally. It covered by various geographical areas, including coastal areas, inland regions, and even also arid environments.
The definition of the Ramsar Convention is:
“Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters”
According to the Bangladesh water act, 2013 wetland defines as "Wetland means any land where water remains at the level of surface or close to it and which inundates with shallow water from time to time, and where grows such plants that may usually grow and survive in marsh land." Rivers, floodplains, haor, baor, beel, jheel, ponds, low-lying places, etc. are commonly thought of as wetlands in Bangladesh. Wetlands also refer to inlands that flood periodically and coastal regions where water is deposited owing to tidal effect.
River Bank Erosion, Risk Assessment and Communication planning fot communitti...Tusliha
This document summarizes a presentation on river bank erosion in Bangladesh. It discusses how river bank erosion is a major ongoing disaster in Bangladesh that affects millions of people each year. Key points made include: (1) River bank erosion is caused by the dynamic nature of Bangladesh's many rivers and results in loss of land and displacement of communities; (2) Important risk factors like water flow and levels, sedimentation, and rainfall are assessed to understand erosion risks; (3) Communication plans are needed to raise awareness of risks and prepare communities for future erosion events. Management relies on both structural measures and policies to support vulnerable groups affected by erosion.
The document summarizes the causes and impacts of flooding in Bangladesh. It discusses both human and physical factors that contribute to floods, including deforestation, urbanization, and geography as the country is located in a huge delta with many rivers. Major floods in 1998 had devastating impacts, displacing many people and damaging homes and infrastructure. In response, the Bangladeshi government and other countries provided emergency relief while aid organizations addressed health and sanitation needs. Long-term solutions to better manage floods are still a challenge.
"How River Filling and Deforestation Are Shaping Bangladesh's Environmental F...MdShimulAhmedBappi
"Please keep in mind the following text. I just wanted to let you know that I don't require a response, just an acknowledgment.
Text: "This is the first article I have written on my analysis of the environment-related issues."
Topic: "How River Filling and Deforestation Are Shaping Bangladesh's Environmental Future."
River filling and deforestation are two critical environmental issues shaping Bangladesh's future. The country’s numerous rivers, which are central to its agriculture and fisheries, are increasingly polluted due to unchecked industrialization and urbanization. This pollution is causing significant harm to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Deforestation, driven by rapid population growth and development needs, is leading to habitat loss and biodiversity decline. Together, these factors contribute to a cycle of environmental degradation that threatens the livelihoods of millions and exacerbates the impacts of climate change, making Bangladesh one of the most vulnerable countries in the world. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the nation’s sustainable growth and development.
Frermip presentation navigation in main rivers .ppt v4Nazmul Hasan Diptu
This document discusses navigation in main rivers in Bangladesh and its impact on river management. It provides background on the history of navigation, presents the current status including passenger and cargo movement as well as key routes. It also discusses future prospects such as plans for expanding routes and increasing dredging capacity given the high demand. Navigation beyond borders, including the India-Bangladesh protocol agreement, is also mentioned to facilitate regional inland water transit and trade.
Final Paper on Rebuilding Aviation InfrastructureHarsh Keshote
This document discusses rebuilding aviation infrastructure in Uttarakhand, India. It notes that due to the mountainous terrain, transportation options are limited to roads, which are difficult to construct and maintain. Aviation is proposed as an important mode of transportation that can help during natural disasters and enable exploration and tourism. The study aims to identify locations for helipads and airports and improve connectivity between rural and urban areas. It provides background on Uttarakhand's geography, recent flooding disaster, current helipad infrastructure, and proposes developing more helipads and improving disaster response through medical air assistance.
The document summarizes key information about the eastern coast of Bangladesh. Some of the main points include:
- The eastern coastal zone extends from Teknaf to Mirsarai along the Feni River estuary and is the most stable part of Bangladesh's coast.
- Major industries in the region include shrimp farming, salt production, and natural gas extraction. The coast also contains forests, mineral resources, and protected areas.
- Key commercial and industrial centers are the Port of Chittagong, the Chittagong Export Processing Zone, and the Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard. The port handles the majority of Bangladesh's international trade.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
3. The Boundary of the Coast
The coastal region of Bangladesh is
situated along the Bay of Bengal and is
bordered by the ocean to the south. The
land boundary is formed by the Indian
states of West Bengal to the west and
Tripura to the north-east, and Myanmar
to the east. With a length of
approximately 720 kilometers, the coast
of Bangladesh presents a diverse range
of landscapes, from sandy beaches to
mangrove forests, estuaries, and deltaic
plains.
sssC
Figure 1 - Coastal Map of Bangladesh (Chowdhury, 2014)
4. Administrative Units
The coast of Bangladesh is divided into
several administrative units, including
districts, sub-districts (upazila), and
union councils.
At the district level, the coastal regions
of Bangladesh are divided into:
Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Noakhali,
Laxmipur, Feni, Khulna, Bagerhat,
Satkhira, Patuakhali, Barguna, Pirojpur,
Jhalokati, Bhola, Barisal.
These administrative units play a crucial
role in the development and
management of the coastal regions,
including disaster management,
infrastructure development, and
conservation of the coastal ecosystems.
Figure 2 – Bangladesh coastal administrative
units (Sarwar, 2013)
5. Population and Density of The Coastal Area
According to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
(BBS), the population of the coastal districts of
Bangladesh in 2011 was around 45 million,
representing about 30% of the total population of the
country.
The coastal zone of Bangladesh covers an area of
47,201 km2, 32% of the country, being the landmass
of 19 districts
Chittagong district is the most populous district with a
population of around 7.6 million people, followed by
Cox's Bazar district with a population of around 2.3
million people.
The population density of Chittagong is around 1,400
people per square kilometer, while the population
density of Cox's Bazar is around 920 people per
square kilometer.
Figure 3 – Aerial photograph of densely populated
Chittagong city
6. Division of the Coast of Bangladesh
Based on geomorphic features and tectonic condition, the coast of Bangladesh can be broadly
divided into major two regions –
The non deltaic coast is dominated by the tertiary anticlines and synclines parallel to the coast.
The deltaic coast is dominated by Padma-Jamuna-Meghna system and can further be subdivided into
two zones –
Coast of
Bangladesh
Deltaic
(Southern)
Non-deltaic
(Eastern)
Western
(Sundarban)
Central
(Meghna
Estuary)
7. Division of the Coast of Bangladesh
The Western Zone –The western coastal region of
Bangladesh starts at the Harin-bhanga River and
ends at the Tetulia River, encompassing Greater
Khulna district, Patuakhali and several tidal rivers.
It features the Sundarbans mangrove forest and
important ports Mongla and Payra, but is vulnerable
to sea level rise, salinity intrusion, tidal flooding
and storm surges.
The Central Zone – The central coastal region
spans from the Tetulia River to the Feni River,
including the mouth of the Meghna River and
districts Patuakhali, Barisal, Bhola and Noakhali. It
experiences high sediment input, river bar
formation and bank erosion.
The Central
Zone
River
dominated
(western part
of Bhola)
Fluvio-tidal
dominated
(Middle part-
Bhola, Hatiya)
Tidal
dominated
(eastern part-
Sandwip) sub
zones
8. Division of the Coast of Bangladesh
The eastern zone – The Eastern
Zone includes the Feni River to
the Badar Mokam, Saint Martin
Island and a 145 km long sandy
beach from Cox's Bazar. It
features mainly antecedent rivers
like the Karnafuli and
developments in the Mirshari
and Matarbari area.
Figure 4 – Division of the coast of Bangladesh.
9. Morphology
Morphological features in the coastline of
Bangladesh:
Three distinct geo-morphological zones have
been identified in these coastlands: Ganges Tidal
Plain (western zone), Meghna Deltaic Plain
(central zone) and Chittagong Coastal Plain
(eastern zone) , as shown in Figure, A total of 19
districts constitute the exposed and interior coast
of Bangladesh.
Furthermore, the coastline of Bangladesh
encompasses a range of morphological features
beyond the predominant delta plain and tidal
flats, including mudflats, sandy beaches and
dunes, mangrove forests, estuaries, areas of low
elevation, backbarrier swamps, lagoons, and
coral reefs.
Figure 5 - Coastal zones of Bangladesh based on geo-
morphological features (Hasan, 2020)
10. Infrastructure-present and Proposed
The coast of Bangladesh has several infrastructure
developments in place, including ports and harbors for
trade and transportation.
Present Major Infrastructure -
Chittagong Port - The Chittagong Port is the
main seaport of Bangladesh. Located in Bangladesh's
port city of Chittagong and on the banks of
the Karnaphuli River.
Mongla Port - The Port of Mongla is a link sea port,
located at Mongla Upazila, Khulna Division,
Bangladesh. It is the second largest and second busiest
seaport of Bangladesh.
Cox's Bazar International Airport - is a domestic
airport in the resort town of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.
Payra Thermal Power plant - Upon completion it is the
largest power plant in Bangladesh. Inaugurated by PM
Sheikh Hasina on 21March of 2022
Karnaphuli Tunnel - First underwater tunnel in
South Asian region, part of Dhaka-Chittagong-
Cox's Bazaar highway network.
Payra Sea Port - Originally planned as a deep
sea port, now due to dredging costs, project
has been changed to a regular port.
Figure 6 – Chittagong sea port
11. Infrastructure-present and Proposed
Proposed Infrastructure –
Bangladesh Navy frigate program - Six stealth
guided missile frigates are expected to be
constructed at Chittagong Dry Dock Limited for
Bangladesh Navy and launched into service in
2030.
BNS Sheikh Hasina Submarine Base - A full-
fledged submarine base of the Bangladesh Navy
being constructed with technical assistance from
China, has been completed 60%
Matarbari Power Plant - Some 30% of
construction work on the 1200MW Matarbari
coal-fired power plant was completed and has a
target to complete the most expensive scheme by
June 2023
Chittagong Metro Rail - Pending approval from
Road Transport and Highways Division.
Mirsarai Economic Zone (Largest Economic
zone in Asia) - Mirsarai Economic Zone is an
industrial economic zone currently under
development in Mirsarai Upazila, Chittagong.
Matarbari Deep Sea Port - This will be the first
deep sea port of Bangladesh. Projected
completion in 2026.
Figure 7 – Matarbari deep sea port
12. Problem or Hazards
The coastal areas of Bangladesh are
highly vulnerable to natural and man-
made hazards and disasters like coastal
flooding, cyclones, storm surges,
erosion, salinity, arsenic contamination,
and pollution (Parvin et al., 2008)
Cyclones: Tropical cyclone Sidr hit
Bangladesh in November 2007 causing
widespread damage, with estimated
3,447 deaths and some estimates
reaching. The storm was one of the
worst 15,000 natural disasters in
Bangladesh's history. Sidr formed in
the central Bay of Bengal, and quickly
strengthened to reach peak 1-minute
sustained winds of 260 km/h
Figure 8 - Cyclone Sidr making landfall in Bangladesh (UWM, 2007)
13. Problem or Hazards
Coastal Flooding: Coastal flooding in
Bangladesh is frequent and severe,
caused by its low-lying coastal region,
natural disasters and rising sea levels
from climate change, resulting in damage
to infrastructure and displacement of
communities.
Storm Surges: Storm surges are a major
cause of coastal flooding in Bangladesh,
caused by high winds, low pressure, and
high tides, especially in the Bay of
Bengal during monsoon season. They
cause damage to homes, crops, and
infrastructure, and displace thousands of
people. Figure 9 – Animation of Storm Surges to Shallow and Steep Continental
shelf
14. Problem or Hazards
Pollution: Coastal areas, including
Bangladesh, face high levels of pollution
from human populations and industries,
including agricultural runoff, industrial waste,
sewage discharge, and plastic waste.
Arsenic: Arsenic contamination is a major
problem in coastal Bangladesh, caused by the
region's high levels of naturally occurring
arsenic and over-extraction of groundwater,
which leads to pumping of arsenic-
contaminated water to the surface
Salt Water Intrusion: Salt water intrusion is
a common issue in coastal Bangladesh, where
over-extraction of groundwater has caused
seawater to mix with freshwater aquifers,
making the water undrinkable and affecting
agriculture.
This is due to factors like rising sea levels,
declining groundwater levels, and changes in land
use.
Figure 10 – Animation of salt water intrusion
15. Problem or Hazards
Erosion: Coastal erosion affects Bangladesh's coast,
which is flat and low-lying on the Bay of Bengal. It is
caused by natural processes, human activities, and sea
level rise. The impacts include land and infrastructure
loss, community displacement, and ecosystem
damage. Mitigating these impacts requires restoring
mangroves, improving coastal management, and
reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Seal Level Rise: Sea level rise due to global warming
is a major issue for Bangladesh's coast, causing
coastal erosion, flooding, saltwater intrusion,
mangrove loss, and community displacement.
Mitigation can be achieved by reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and implementing measures such as
sea walls and mangrove restoration.
Figure 11 – Sea Level Rise and effects on
Bangladesh’s districts
16. Management
Storm surges and Cyclones Hazard
Management:
Bangladesh's coastal areas face significant
risk from storm surges and cyclones. To
manage these hazards, the following steps are
typically taken:
• Early warning system
• Evacuation plans
• Sea walls
• Mangrove and coastal vegetation
reforestation
• Building codes and land-use regulations
• Community, government, and non-
government capacity building
In addition to the measures listed, other popular
management systems for coastal hazards
include –
• Numerical modeling,
• IoT (Internet of Things),
• Satellite
Figure 12 - The Afsluitdijk Sea Wall in Holand
17. Management
Numerical Modelling: Numerical modeling
predicts cyclone path and intensity by
simulating physical processes. It uses
mathematical equations to model atmosphere,
ocean, and land behavior and is important for
predicting cyclone impacts
Figure 13 - Storm surge (SIDR) forecasted on 14th Nov, 2007
by Numerical Model (Mashriqui, 2007)
IoT (Internet of Things): An IoT system improves
storm surge and cyclone management by providing
real-time monitoring, early warnings, damage
assessment with drones, and integrating with
disaster plans.
Figure 14 – Observing system to improve hurricane
prediction
18. Management
Satellites play an important role in managing coastal
surges and other ocean-related hazards. Here are a few
ways satellites can assist in managing coastal surges:
• Monitoring sea level changes
• Tracking storms and hurricanes
• Mapping coastal erosion
• Supporting decision making
Some common types of satellites used for this purpose
include:
• Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
(GOES)
• Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES)
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Satellites
• Microwave Imagers
• Altimeter Satellites
Since this is a GOES satellite, it’s in geostationary orbit,
and we’re able to track clouds. When you just look at an
image or look at an animation, you see the clouds
moving, you see the hurricane spinning.
Figure 15 - 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season GOES-16
Infrared Satellite Imagery Animation (NASA, 2020)
19. Management
Management of coastal erosion:
• Shoreline Hardening
• Beach Nourishment
• Dune Restoration
• Relocation and Retreat
• Land Use Management
Management of coastal pollution:
• Waste Management
• Sewage Treatment
• Industrial Pollution Control
• Agricultural Runoff Management
• Storm-water Management
• Maritime Transport Regulations
Management of Salt water intrusion:
• Implementing sustainable groundwater
policies to reduce saltwater intrusion
• Recharging groundwater aquifers
• Diverting surface water into the aquifer
• Desalinating seawater for freshwater use
• Constructing physical barriers (e.g. tidal
gates)
Figure 16 – Plastic pollution in sea beach
20. Coastal Policy
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS) 1982, also known as Law of the
Sea divides marine areas into five main zones namely-
Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone,
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.
Internal Waters: Internal waters are
under a coastal state's full sovereignty,
with no right of innocent passage.
They are located on the landward side
of the baseline used to measure the
breadth of the territorial sea.
Territorial Sea: The territorial sea
extends seaward up to 12 nautical
miles (nm) from its baselines. The
coastal states have sovereignty and
jurisdiction over the territorial
sea. These rights extend not only on
the surface but also to the seabed,
subsoil, and even airspace.
Figure 17 – UNCLOS Maritime Zones
21. Coastal Policy
Contiguous Zone: The contiguous zone extends 24
nm from the baselines and is between the territorial
sea and high seas. The coastal state can enforce
fiscal, immigration, health, and customs laws within
its territory and territorial sea. The contiguous zone
only grants jurisdiction over the ocean's surface and
floor, not over air or space.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Each coastal
State may claim an EEZ beyond and adjacent to its
territorial sea that extends seaward up to 200 nm
from its baselines Within its EEZ, a coastal state has:
Sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring,
exploiting, conserving and managing natural
resources, whether living or nonliving, of the seabed
and subsoil.
High Seas: The ocean surface and the
water column beyond the EEZ are
referred to as the high seas. It is
considered as “the common heritage of all
mankind” and is beyond any national
jurisdiction.
Bangladesh’s Law for Maritime Zones:
Bangladesh's coastal marine areas in the
Bay of Bengal are divided into three
zones under UNCLOS-III: territorial
waters (12 nm), an exclusive economic
zone (EEZ, 200 nm), and a continental
shelf (350 nm from Bangladesh baseline).
Its total sea area under UNCLOS-III is
2.07 million km², 1.4 times greater than its
land area.
22. Conclusion
In conclusion, the coastal zone of Bangladesh faces a range of challenges, including coastal flooding,
storm surges, coastal erosion, pollution, salt water intrusion, and arsenic contamination. These
challenges pose significant threats to the environment, human health, and the livelihoods of the
people living in the coastal areas. The Bangladeshi government and international organizations are
taking steps to address these issues, but there is still much work to be done to ensure a sustainable
and resilient future for the country's coastal communities. It is essential that all stakeholders,
including the government, NGOs, local communities, and the private sector, work together to
implement effective solutions that will ensure the long-term health and stability of Bangladesh's
coastal zone.
23. Reference
[1] Belal. A.S.M (n.d.) Bangladesh Institute of Peace and Security Studies. Maritime Boundary of Bangladesh: Is Our
Sea Lost? Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/164392/mb_bd.pdf
[2] ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue Retrieved from https://chat.openai.com/chat
[3] Chowdhury. S. R (2014, 11 January). Coastal Zone of Bangladesh (Map). Retrieved from
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
[4] Matin, Naila & Hasan, G M Jahid & Ahmad, Myisha. (2020). Regional Trends of Sea Level Rise along the Coast of
Bangladesh. International Journal of Engineering Sciences. 13. 10.36224/ijes.130102.
[5] Parvin, Gulsan & Takahashi, Fumito & Shaw, Rajib. (2008). Coastal Hazards and Community-coping Methods in
Bangladesh. Journal of Coastal Conservation. 12. 181-193. 10.1007/s11852-009-0044-0.
[6] Sarwar, Md Golam & Islam, Aminul. (2013). Multi Hazard Vulnerabilities of the Coastal Land of Bangladesh.
10.1007/978-4-431-54249-0_8.
[7] Wikipedia contributors. (2021, May 22). Cyclone Sidr. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Sidr