This document reviews the UK's domestic target for reducing CO2 emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by 2010. It provides background on international climate change agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and analyses the UK government's policies and projections. The UK is currently not on track to meet its 20% domestic target, with projections showing a shortfall of around 10.5 million tons of carbon. A case study compares the CO2 emissions of a sustainable residential development versus a non-sustainable one, finding that sustainable construction can significantly reduce emissions.
This document contains a question bank on global environmental concerns for energy managers and auditors. It includes multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like the ozone layer, greenhouse gases, global warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and climate change negotiations. Long answer questions explore the implications of global warming in more depth and discuss international agreements and initiatives like the Conference of Parties, Prototype Carbon Fund, and India's involvement in the clean development mechanism.
The document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute to the EPA regarding its draft strategic plan. The letter argues that the plan implies the EPA intends to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, but that the EPA has no authority from Congress to do so. The letter provides several reasons from the Clean Air Act language and legislative history that show Congress did not give the EPA power to regulate greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and climate change. The letter urges the EPA to revise passages in its final strategic plan to remove any implication that it can or plans to regulate carbon dioxide emissions.
KVA Symposium ocean acidification Cornell 2014Sarah Cornell
This document discusses what is known about the costs of ocean acidification for future Swedish society. It notes that while little is known, enough is understood to inform policy choices. Ocean acidification is part of complex global human-caused changes and is essentially irreversible. Delaying climate change mitigation will cost more in the future than taking action now. Further research is needed on local effects within global frameworks to support precautionary and participatory policies.
1. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants and other industrial sources, transporting the captured CO2, and injecting it into underground geological formations for long-term storage. CCS could help reduce carbon dioxide emissions while still allowing for continued fossil fuel usage.
2. Current carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are the highest they have been in at least 800,000 years, and global temperatures have risen about 0.7°C over the past century due to increased CO2 and other greenhouse gases from human activity. Further increases in CO2 emissions are expected to cause more global warming and changes in climate with serious environmental and economic effects.
3
This document outlines a 12-lesson course on air quality and atmospheric pollution. It provides objectives and activities for each lesson, including understanding the composition of air, main pollutants, measuring air quality, how pollutants are formed and affect health, and technologies to improve air quality. Lesson 1 focuses on the composition and importance of gases in the atmosphere. Future lessons will cover defining and measuring major pollutants, how air quality varies by location, and governmental efforts to enhance air quality.
Scientific Facts on CO2 Capture and StorageGreenFacts
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to Earth’s global warming. Over the past two centuries, its concentration in the atmosphere has greatly increased, mainly because of human activities such as fossil fuel burning.
One possible option for reducing CO2 emissions is to store it underground. This technique is called Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS).
How does it work? Could it really help addressing climate change?
Climate change adaptation in urban regeneration projectschiko Ncube
Climate Change is one of the defining global challenges of our age and compelling evidence shows that substantial changes to our climate are already unavoidable. This research is therefore founded on the key message that action towards the adaptation of climate change is vital and urgent.
It examines the important role of planning in reducing the vulnerability of urban regions through the Environmental Impact Assessment process (EIA). This is done primarily by reviewing Environmental Statements for urban regeneration projects, as well as through responses to questionnaires and emails and an in-depth literature study. It aims to show if and how some of the UK’s high profile and controversial urban regeneration projects have considered climate change adaptation and what role EIA played in this incorporation.
The findings show that all reviewed projects considered the adaptation of climate change to varying degrees. It is considered in the flooding assessment for all projects and the proposal for sustainable urban drainage strategies was also found to be in all statements. Despite this, clear consideration in other impact chapters such as Landscape and Ecology was lacking. Long term baselines for projects were hardly used in many projects but when used, they were found in CO2 related impact chapters such as traffic and air quality. The smaller scaled urban regeneration projects showed a clear gap in holistically approaching the issues of climate change by frequently mentioning it under the loose umbrella of ‘sustainable development’. The larger projects such as the Olympic Village and Bilston Urban Village showed a holistic approach and purposefully integrated it in the earlier stages of the EIA, allowing for the predicted impacts to influence the design and decision making. Furthermore, the responses from the questionnaires and emails showed that the extent to which climate change considerations are factored in is difficult to predict due to many variables such as the type of development, funding and different economic and political conditions. The results also showed that although there was a sound agreement on the integration of climate change adaptation in EIA, however it was found that many adaptation measures were often put aside for other planning goals.
With the European Commission currently working towards incorporating climate change considerations in the EIA directive and the UK aiming to publish its first National Adaptation programme this year, this research comes at a very crucial time.
The document summarizes the history and science behind the 2 degree climate change target. It discusses how the target originated from the UNFCCC in 1992 and was later adopted by the EU in 1997. Current climate science as assessed by the IPCC indicates the world is already at 0.74C of warming and that limiting warming to 2C would require keeping CO2 levels below 450ppm. While the target is easy to communicate, it may not fully account for issues like sea level rise and regional impacts. Achieving the target will require coordinated global policy and emissions reductions across all sectors.
This document contains a question bank on global environmental concerns for energy managers and auditors. It includes multiple choice and short answer questions covering topics like the ozone layer, greenhouse gases, global warming, the Kyoto Protocol, and climate change negotiations. Long answer questions explore the implications of global warming in more depth and discuss international agreements and initiatives like the Conference of Parties, Prototype Carbon Fund, and India's involvement in the clean development mechanism.
The document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute to the EPA regarding its draft strategic plan. The letter argues that the plan implies the EPA intends to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, but that the EPA has no authority from Congress to do so. The letter provides several reasons from the Clean Air Act language and legislative history that show Congress did not give the EPA power to regulate greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and climate change. The letter urges the EPA to revise passages in its final strategic plan to remove any implication that it can or plans to regulate carbon dioxide emissions.
KVA Symposium ocean acidification Cornell 2014Sarah Cornell
This document discusses what is known about the costs of ocean acidification for future Swedish society. It notes that while little is known, enough is understood to inform policy choices. Ocean acidification is part of complex global human-caused changes and is essentially irreversible. Delaying climate change mitigation will cost more in the future than taking action now. Further research is needed on local effects within global frameworks to support precautionary and participatory policies.
1. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) involves capturing carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power plants and other industrial sources, transporting the captured CO2, and injecting it into underground geological formations for long-term storage. CCS could help reduce carbon dioxide emissions while still allowing for continued fossil fuel usage.
2. Current carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are the highest they have been in at least 800,000 years, and global temperatures have risen about 0.7°C over the past century due to increased CO2 and other greenhouse gases from human activity. Further increases in CO2 emissions are expected to cause more global warming and changes in climate with serious environmental and economic effects.
3
This document outlines a 12-lesson course on air quality and atmospheric pollution. It provides objectives and activities for each lesson, including understanding the composition of air, main pollutants, measuring air quality, how pollutants are formed and affect health, and technologies to improve air quality. Lesson 1 focuses on the composition and importance of gases in the atmosphere. Future lessons will cover defining and measuring major pollutants, how air quality varies by location, and governmental efforts to enhance air quality.
Scientific Facts on CO2 Capture and StorageGreenFacts
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to Earth’s global warming. Over the past two centuries, its concentration in the atmosphere has greatly increased, mainly because of human activities such as fossil fuel burning.
One possible option for reducing CO2 emissions is to store it underground. This technique is called Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS).
How does it work? Could it really help addressing climate change?
Climate change adaptation in urban regeneration projectschiko Ncube
Climate Change is one of the defining global challenges of our age and compelling evidence shows that substantial changes to our climate are already unavoidable. This research is therefore founded on the key message that action towards the adaptation of climate change is vital and urgent.
It examines the important role of planning in reducing the vulnerability of urban regions through the Environmental Impact Assessment process (EIA). This is done primarily by reviewing Environmental Statements for urban regeneration projects, as well as through responses to questionnaires and emails and an in-depth literature study. It aims to show if and how some of the UK’s high profile and controversial urban regeneration projects have considered climate change adaptation and what role EIA played in this incorporation.
The findings show that all reviewed projects considered the adaptation of climate change to varying degrees. It is considered in the flooding assessment for all projects and the proposal for sustainable urban drainage strategies was also found to be in all statements. Despite this, clear consideration in other impact chapters such as Landscape and Ecology was lacking. Long term baselines for projects were hardly used in many projects but when used, they were found in CO2 related impact chapters such as traffic and air quality. The smaller scaled urban regeneration projects showed a clear gap in holistically approaching the issues of climate change by frequently mentioning it under the loose umbrella of ‘sustainable development’. The larger projects such as the Olympic Village and Bilston Urban Village showed a holistic approach and purposefully integrated it in the earlier stages of the EIA, allowing for the predicted impacts to influence the design and decision making. Furthermore, the responses from the questionnaires and emails showed that the extent to which climate change considerations are factored in is difficult to predict due to many variables such as the type of development, funding and different economic and political conditions. The results also showed that although there was a sound agreement on the integration of climate change adaptation in EIA, however it was found that many adaptation measures were often put aside for other planning goals.
With the European Commission currently working towards incorporating climate change considerations in the EIA directive and the UK aiming to publish its first National Adaptation programme this year, this research comes at a very crucial time.
The document summarizes the history and science behind the 2 degree climate change target. It discusses how the target originated from the UNFCCC in 1992 and was later adopted by the EU in 1997. Current climate science as assessed by the IPCC indicates the world is already at 0.74C of warming and that limiting warming to 2C would require keeping CO2 levels below 450ppm. While the target is easy to communicate, it may not fully account for issues like sea level rise and regional impacts. Achieving the target will require coordinated global policy and emissions reductions across all sectors.
This document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding the agency's draft strategic plan. The CEI argues that the plan implies the EPA intends to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, even though the EPA has no authority from Congress to do so. The letter asserts that CO2 is not an air pollutant and that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA no jurisdiction over greenhouse gases or global climate change. The CEI urges the EPA to remove any signals or implications in the strategic plan that it may regulate CO2 in the future without authorization from Congress.
The document discusses the concept of the "1250" group, which aims to limit atmospheric methane levels to 1250 parts per billion as an interim target to limit near-term warming. This group complements Bill McKibben's "350" group, which focuses on long-term carbon dioxide reduction. The document outlines differences between the 1250 and 350 goals and argues that sharply reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants like methane is critical for limiting warming over the next few decades. Achieving the 1250 target will require protecting the Arctic and moving rapidly on methane emission reductions from sources like the Siberian shelf.
There are three key points from the document:
1) While air quality has improved significantly in Europe due to emission reductions, full compliance with existing standards has not been achieved and new threats have emerged. Continued action is needed to realize further health and environmental benefits.
2) Coordinating air quality and climate policy can achieve mutual benefits by reducing short-lived climate pollutants like methane, black carbon, and ozone. International cooperation will also be important to address transboundary air pollution.
3) Cities and certain sectors like agriculture offer significant, cost-effective opportunities to reduce air pollution through technical and policy measures. Innovation in monitoring and engaging citizens can help accelerate progress.
This document provides information about a workshop on potential environmental effects of CO2 leakage. The workshop aims to identify current research on CO2 leakage in marine and terrestrial environments, issues and gaps in research, and areas needing further investigation before commercial CCS deployment. It was held on February 21, 2012 and presented by Prof. Mercedes Maroto-Valer of the Nottingham Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage.
This document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding EPA's draft strategic plan. The CEI expresses concern that the plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the CEI argues the EPA has no authority to do under the Clean Air Act. The CEI argues that the plan uses misleading terminology by describing carbon dioxide as "air pollution" and climate change as an "air quality" issue. The CEI asserts that the plan contains regulatory signals that could bias public debate in favor of policies like the Kyoto Protocol that the Bush Administration opposes.
The document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding the agency's draft strategic plan. The CEI is concerned that language in the draft plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the CEI argues the EPA has no authority to do under the Clean Air Act. The letter provides a detailed legal argument explaining why the Clean Air Act does not grant the EPA authority over greenhouse gases like CO2 and urges the EPA to revise misleading language in the draft plan.
The document discusses initiatives to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It notes that while awareness of issues like global warming and greenhouse gas emissions has increased globally since the 1970s, energy consumption and CO2 emissions continue to rise. It outlines several international agreements and actions by countries/groups to limit emissions, but notes that public awareness remains limited and economic concerns often take priority. As a case study, it then details India's various national policies and sector-specific initiatives to balance development and environmental protection, including in the oil refining industry.
The document summarizes the evolution of international accords and agreements around reducing carbon emissions, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Copenhagen Accord. It discusses goals and mechanisms of these agreements, such as emissions targets and market-based mechanisms. It also provides context on current atmospheric CO2 levels, global emissions, and the potential consequences of failure to reduce emissions.
The document provides an overview of images from a draft US climate change assessment report that discusses the science of climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, effects in polar regions like declining sea ice and thawing permafrost, impacts on agriculture and food security from changing conditions and crop yields, and implications for public health. The images show projections of future climate conditions under different emissions scenarios and observed trends in key climate indicators like rising CO2 levels and global temperatures that can only be explained by human influence on the climate system.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course GE 6351 Environmental Science and Engineering. It is divided into 4 units that cover topics such as ecosystems, environmental pollution, natural resources, and social issues related to the environment. Each unit includes multiple choice and short answer questions in Part A as well as longer answer questions requiring explanations in Part B. The questions assess students' understanding of key concepts like the food chain, biodiversity, different types of pollution, natural resources like forests and water, and social issues including global warming, waste management, and environmental regulations.
The document discusses global warming, its causes and effects, and the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a solution. It defines global warming and lists greenhouse gases and their effects. It then explains the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM concept and process, including baseline setting, additionality, methodologies, and registration. The CDM aims to assist developing countries' sustainable development through emissions reduction projects financed by developed countries.
The letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) comments on the EPA's draft strategic plan. The CEI is concerned that the plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the organization believes the EPA has no authority to do. The letter argues that the plan uses misleading terminology by describing CO2 emissions as "air pollution" and climate change as an "air quality" issue. It also claims the plan contains regulatory signals about controlling greenhouse gas emissions in the future. The CEI asserts that Congress has not given the EPA authority over CO2 in the Clean Air Act and that the agency should not imply it has such power in the strategic plan.
Center on Clean Air Policy- State Roundtable On Global ClimateObama White House
The document summarizes a roundtable discussion organized by the Center for Clean Air Policy to address global climate change at the state level. The roundtable brings together key environmental and energy regulators from 13 states to discuss strategies that provide multiple pollutant benefits and fall under states' authority. Topics covered include energy efficiency, renewable energy programs, transportation planning, and emission reduction goals. The roundtable aims to help states determine appropriate climate policy responses based on their economic and political contexts. It has already led to pilot programs and increased information sharing between states to advance climate policy goals. The organizers propose expanding participation to additional states.
This document discusses different measures to reduce pollution at the personal, national, and international levels. At the personal level, it recommends adopting the 3R principle of reduce, reuse, recycle, and properly disposing of refuse. Nationally, governments implement laws and regulations to mandate environmentally-friendly practices like banning leaded petrol. Internationally, agreements like the 1997 Kyoto Protocol aim to set limits on emissions between countries.
The document discusses the DARECLIMED project which aims to improve cooperation on climate change data between countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It seeks to create a regional data infrastructure and repository for climate, energy and water data. It also wants to develop standards for data sharing and quality control. However, the document notes that political issues present challenges to scientific cooperation in the region, as countries do not always share data due to sensitivities over water, energy and other resources.
The document discusses climate change research activities funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). It provides an overview of FP7's structure and budget breakdown for climate change research. Key areas of research included understanding and predicting climate change; developing climate-friendly technologies; and improving tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation policy analysis. Specific projects studied climate processes, the role of oceans, carbon and nitrogen cycles, impacts in the Arctic, atmosphere pollution, and effects on water resources and ecosystems in Europe.
Climate change is happening - UK, climate actionGrupo Areté
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: UK, climate action
Objetivo 13: Acción por el clima / Goal 13: Climate action
By: Diana Crística Roxana
Kyoto and Beyond: The Evolution of Multilateral Agreements on Climate ChangeISCIENCES, L.L.C.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of multilateral agreements on climate change from the 1970s to present day, with a focus on the Kyoto Protocol. It describes several important early agreements and conventions in the 1970s-1980s that helped bring international attention to environmental issues. It then outlines the key developments in the 1990s that led to the drafting of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol period from 2005-2008 and challenges faced by countries in meeting emissions targets. It concludes by looking at climate change discussions and agreements after 2009, including negotiations on the future of the Protocol.
This document contains the solutions to a POL 310 Week 2 Quiz covering topics related to climate change and air quality policy. It lists 10 multiple choice questions about key concepts like the Copenhagen Accord, carbon equivalency, greenhouse gases, emissions standards, reforestation efforts, and the Clean Air Act. It also provides links to additional tutorials and assignments for the POL 310 environmental policy course.
The document provides an overview of global warming and climate change topics, including:
- The causes and dangers of global warming from greenhouse gas emissions
- International efforts to address climate change through the UNFCCC, IPCC, Kyoto Protocol, and other agreements
- Market-based mechanisms to reduce emissions like carbon credits, carbon trading, clean development mechanism, and joint implementation projects
- Examples of emissions trading programs and their effectiveness in reducing pollution
This presentation discusses sustainability and green building in the United Arab Emirates. It focuses on the drivers for sustainability in the UAE, including mechanisms that support and hinder green building efforts. Typical examples of green building and "green wash" projects in the UAE are presented, along with a conclusion that sustainability is popular but green washing and slow regulations present challenges to truly green construction in the region.
Bill Jolly Hong Kong Cibse Presentation Co2 Emissions A Review Of The Uk ...Billjolly
The document discusses the UK's targets for reducing CO2 emissions and reviews the country's progress towards meeting those targets. It finds that while the UK is on track to meet its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, it is currently not on pace to achieve its domestic goal of a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions below 1990 levels by 2010. One case study estimates that a sustainable building project saved 37,000 kg of CO2 emissions per year compared to a traditional development, suggesting that widespread adoption of sustainable practices could help close the projected 10.5 million tonne emissions gap and get the UK back on track to meet its domestic climate goals.
This document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding the agency's draft strategic plan. The CEI argues that the plan implies the EPA intends to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, even though the EPA has no authority from Congress to do so. The letter asserts that CO2 is not an air pollutant and that the Clean Air Act gives the EPA no jurisdiction over greenhouse gases or global climate change. The CEI urges the EPA to remove any signals or implications in the strategic plan that it may regulate CO2 in the future without authorization from Congress.
The document discusses the concept of the "1250" group, which aims to limit atmospheric methane levels to 1250 parts per billion as an interim target to limit near-term warming. This group complements Bill McKibben's "350" group, which focuses on long-term carbon dioxide reduction. The document outlines differences between the 1250 and 350 goals and argues that sharply reducing emissions of short-lived climate pollutants like methane is critical for limiting warming over the next few decades. Achieving the 1250 target will require protecting the Arctic and moving rapidly on methane emission reductions from sources like the Siberian shelf.
There are three key points from the document:
1) While air quality has improved significantly in Europe due to emission reductions, full compliance with existing standards has not been achieved and new threats have emerged. Continued action is needed to realize further health and environmental benefits.
2) Coordinating air quality and climate policy can achieve mutual benefits by reducing short-lived climate pollutants like methane, black carbon, and ozone. International cooperation will also be important to address transboundary air pollution.
3) Cities and certain sectors like agriculture offer significant, cost-effective opportunities to reduce air pollution through technical and policy measures. Innovation in monitoring and engaging citizens can help accelerate progress.
This document provides information about a workshop on potential environmental effects of CO2 leakage. The workshop aims to identify current research on CO2 leakage in marine and terrestrial environments, issues and gaps in research, and areas needing further investigation before commercial CCS deployment. It was held on February 21, 2012 and presented by Prof. Mercedes Maroto-Valer of the Nottingham Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage.
This document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding EPA's draft strategic plan. The CEI expresses concern that the plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the CEI argues the EPA has no authority to do under the Clean Air Act. The CEI argues that the plan uses misleading terminology by describing carbon dioxide as "air pollution" and climate change as an "air quality" issue. The CEI asserts that the plan contains regulatory signals that could bias public debate in favor of policies like the Kyoto Protocol that the Bush Administration opposes.
The document is a comment letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) to the EPA regarding the agency's draft strategic plan. The CEI is concerned that language in the draft plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the CEI argues the EPA has no authority to do under the Clean Air Act. The letter provides a detailed legal argument explaining why the Clean Air Act does not grant the EPA authority over greenhouse gases like CO2 and urges the EPA to revise misleading language in the draft plan.
The document discusses initiatives to address climate change and promote sustainable development. It notes that while awareness of issues like global warming and greenhouse gas emissions has increased globally since the 1970s, energy consumption and CO2 emissions continue to rise. It outlines several international agreements and actions by countries/groups to limit emissions, but notes that public awareness remains limited and economic concerns often take priority. As a case study, it then details India's various national policies and sector-specific initiatives to balance development and environmental protection, including in the oil refining industry.
The document summarizes the evolution of international accords and agreements around reducing carbon emissions, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Copenhagen Accord. It discusses goals and mechanisms of these agreements, such as emissions targets and market-based mechanisms. It also provides context on current atmospheric CO2 levels, global emissions, and the potential consequences of failure to reduce emissions.
The document provides an overview of images from a draft US climate change assessment report that discusses the science of climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, effects in polar regions like declining sea ice and thawing permafrost, impacts on agriculture and food security from changing conditions and crop yields, and implications for public health. The images show projections of future climate conditions under different emissions scenarios and observed trends in key climate indicators like rising CO2 levels and global temperatures that can only be explained by human influence on the climate system.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course GE 6351 Environmental Science and Engineering. It is divided into 4 units that cover topics such as ecosystems, environmental pollution, natural resources, and social issues related to the environment. Each unit includes multiple choice and short answer questions in Part A as well as longer answer questions requiring explanations in Part B. The questions assess students' understanding of key concepts like the food chain, biodiversity, different types of pollution, natural resources like forests and water, and social issues including global warming, waste management, and environmental regulations.
The document discusses global warming, its causes and effects, and the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as a solution. It defines global warming and lists greenhouse gases and their effects. It then explains the Kyoto Protocol, the CDM concept and process, including baseline setting, additionality, methodologies, and registration. The CDM aims to assist developing countries' sustainable development through emissions reduction projects financed by developed countries.
The letter from the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) comments on the EPA's draft strategic plan. The CEI is concerned that the plan implies an intention to regulate carbon dioxide emissions, which the organization believes the EPA has no authority to do. The letter argues that the plan uses misleading terminology by describing CO2 emissions as "air pollution" and climate change as an "air quality" issue. It also claims the plan contains regulatory signals about controlling greenhouse gas emissions in the future. The CEI asserts that Congress has not given the EPA authority over CO2 in the Clean Air Act and that the agency should not imply it has such power in the strategic plan.
Center on Clean Air Policy- State Roundtable On Global ClimateObama White House
The document summarizes a roundtable discussion organized by the Center for Clean Air Policy to address global climate change at the state level. The roundtable brings together key environmental and energy regulators from 13 states to discuss strategies that provide multiple pollutant benefits and fall under states' authority. Topics covered include energy efficiency, renewable energy programs, transportation planning, and emission reduction goals. The roundtable aims to help states determine appropriate climate policy responses based on their economic and political contexts. It has already led to pilot programs and increased information sharing between states to advance climate policy goals. The organizers propose expanding participation to additional states.
This document discusses different measures to reduce pollution at the personal, national, and international levels. At the personal level, it recommends adopting the 3R principle of reduce, reuse, recycle, and properly disposing of refuse. Nationally, governments implement laws and regulations to mandate environmentally-friendly practices like banning leaded petrol. Internationally, agreements like the 1997 Kyoto Protocol aim to set limits on emissions between countries.
The document discusses the DARECLIMED project which aims to improve cooperation on climate change data between countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It seeks to create a regional data infrastructure and repository for climate, energy and water data. It also wants to develop standards for data sharing and quality control. However, the document notes that political issues present challenges to scientific cooperation in the region, as countries do not always share data due to sensitivities over water, energy and other resources.
The document discusses climate change research activities funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). It provides an overview of FP7's structure and budget breakdown for climate change research. Key areas of research included understanding and predicting climate change; developing climate-friendly technologies; and improving tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation policy analysis. Specific projects studied climate processes, the role of oceans, carbon and nitrogen cycles, impacts in the Arctic, atmosphere pollution, and effects on water resources and ecosystems in Europe.
Climate change is happening - UK, climate actionGrupo Areté
Asignatura: Historia de los países de habla inglesa / History of english-speaking countries.
✏ Título: UK, climate action
Objetivo 13: Acción por el clima / Goal 13: Climate action
By: Diana Crística Roxana
Kyoto and Beyond: The Evolution of Multilateral Agreements on Climate ChangeISCIENCES, L.L.C.
The document provides an overview of the evolution of multilateral agreements on climate change from the 1970s to present day, with a focus on the Kyoto Protocol. It describes several important early agreements and conventions in the 1970s-1980s that helped bring international attention to environmental issues. It then outlines the key developments in the 1990s that led to the drafting of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol period from 2005-2008 and challenges faced by countries in meeting emissions targets. It concludes by looking at climate change discussions and agreements after 2009, including negotiations on the future of the Protocol.
This document contains the solutions to a POL 310 Week 2 Quiz covering topics related to climate change and air quality policy. It lists 10 multiple choice questions about key concepts like the Copenhagen Accord, carbon equivalency, greenhouse gases, emissions standards, reforestation efforts, and the Clean Air Act. It also provides links to additional tutorials and assignments for the POL 310 environmental policy course.
The document provides an overview of global warming and climate change topics, including:
- The causes and dangers of global warming from greenhouse gas emissions
- International efforts to address climate change through the UNFCCC, IPCC, Kyoto Protocol, and other agreements
- Market-based mechanisms to reduce emissions like carbon credits, carbon trading, clean development mechanism, and joint implementation projects
- Examples of emissions trading programs and their effectiveness in reducing pollution
This presentation discusses sustainability and green building in the United Arab Emirates. It focuses on the drivers for sustainability in the UAE, including mechanisms that support and hinder green building efforts. Typical examples of green building and "green wash" projects in the UAE are presented, along with a conclusion that sustainability is popular but green washing and slow regulations present challenges to truly green construction in the region.
Bill Jolly Hong Kong Cibse Presentation Co2 Emissions A Review Of The Uk ...Billjolly
The document discusses the UK's targets for reducing CO2 emissions and reviews the country's progress towards meeting those targets. It finds that while the UK is on track to meet its commitments under the Kyoto Protocol, it is currently not on pace to achieve its domestic goal of a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions below 1990 levels by 2010. One case study estimates that a sustainable building project saved 37,000 kg of CO2 emissions per year compared to a traditional development, suggesting that widespread adoption of sustainable practices could help close the projected 10.5 million tonne emissions gap and get the UK back on track to meet its domestic climate goals.
This short document contains two sections. The first section titled "TITRE 1" lists two points but provides no further details. The second section is titled "LE LAPIN" but does not include any other information.
Cerita tentang sekumpulan katak kecil yang berlomba mencapai puncak menara tinggi. Walau semua penonton meragukan keberhasilan mereka, satu katak tetap berusaha dan berhasil mencapai tujuan. Katak itu ternyata pekak, sehingga tidak mendengar kata-kata meragukan orang lain. Cerita ini mengajarkan tentang pentingnya tidak peduli pandangan orang lain dan tetap berusaha mencapai cita-
Bill Jolly Sustainability Cibse President Elect Speech Dubai June 08Billjolly
This presentation discusses sustainability and environmental assessments in the UAE, with a focus on LEED assessments. It covers topics like climate change, emission reduction targets, and assessment methods like LEED. LEED assessments evaluate projects across several categories including sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, and more. The presentation identifies potential sustainable design solutions that can be implemented in projects to meet LEED requirements and promote sustainability. It concludes that buildings significantly contribute to climate change through emissions, and that sustainability in construction is important to curb these impacts, as mandated in Dubai.
Support de la conférence "7 ans au Tibet, ou les tribulations d'un ingénieur pédagogique au pays du eLearning" durant le Moodlemoot Maharamoot FR 2014 à Paris
Support de la présentation du Moodlemoot FR 2105 à Tours, sur « Nouveautés autour des badges ». Présentation notamment d'Open Badge Factory et Open Badge Passport et l'intégration des deux systèmes dans Moodle et Mahara.
Biomass, Biofuel and Solar Energy Technology Shih Cheng Tung
In recent generation, the high growth rate of industrial development and population causes significant environmental change. The global warming is one of well-known phenomenon, which is led to by greenhouse gases. Moreover, the natural resources limitation urges humans need to develop sustainable solutions for energy using. Thus, several growing green technologies aim to improve the situation. It is important to raise the public awareness of sustainable energy as well.
Global carbon dioxide emissions increased significantly in 2010 after declining in 2009, pushing atmospheric CO2 concentrations higher. CO2 levels are now 45% above pre-industrial levels and account for over 70% of global greenhouse gases. The energy sector, particularly coal combustion, represents the largest source of CO2 emissions. While some developed countries have reduced emissions from 1990 levels in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol, other countries like Canada, Australia and the US will not meet their targets. Carbon capture and storage is being developed and tested to reduce emissions from fossil fuel use but currently only operates at a very small scale globally.
Decarbonizing cement manufacture 2022.pdfJurgen Kola
The document discusses the imperative to decarbonize cement manufacturing. It notes that cement production is a major source of CO2 emissions, which contribute to global warming. Governments and investors have determined that reducing CO2 emissions is necessary to curb rapidly rising global temperatures and the impacts of climate change. While technological solutions for capturing and storing carbon exist, they remain too expensive, and cement companies have not moved quickly enough to commit to science-based emissions reduction targets. Failure to sufficiently decarbonize cement production could deteriorate companies' credit risk as investors increasingly demand evidence of transition pathways to carbon neutrality. Overall, the cement industry must make a major contribution to peaking global greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement goals.
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Similar to Co2 Emissions, A Review Of The Uk Domestic Target (20)
1. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
CO2 Emissions,
A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP
ABSTRACT
This paper provides a review of CO2 emissions within the UK. A detailed account of all the
fundamental world conferences and steps taken to curtail CO2 emissions globally is provided.
The review considers the International, European and the United Kingdom’s (UK) specific
CO2 emission reduction targets established by the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and also analyses the
UK governments even more challenging 20% CO2 emission reduction target by 2010.
Government schemes, papers & legislation to achieve this domestic goal are reviewed
focussing upon the mechanisms in place working to achieve the target and mechanisms in
place working against the target. CO2 emissions predictions by the UK government are
analysed until 2010 and the review concludes a UK shortfall from the domestic target of
approximately 10.5MtC of which the Built Environment sector accounts for 5MtC.
A case study focuses upon the difference of CO2 emission between a sustainable and a non-
sustainable residential development. An analysis is presented providing the CO2 emission
from each building. Through a process of mathematics the sustain-ably constructed building
identifies a difference of CO2 emissions from the non-sustainable building. This difference is
then divided into the UK domestic target shortfall. The answer of 500,000 equates to the
required number of similar sized sustainable construction projects within the UK to bring the
Built Environment sector back on tract to meet the UK CO2 Emission, 20% Domestic Target
by 2010.
1
2. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
INTRODUCTION assessments & concludes with respective
CO2 emissions from each development.
Climate Change (CC) and Global Warming
(GW) are unequivocally the biggest and The UK domestic target is once more
most fundamental problems facing planet defined, in particular the anticipated CO2
earth and mankind today. CC and GW is emission shortfall. Through a process of
the greatest environmental challenge mathematics the sustainable construction
facing mankind today as they are case study identifies a difference of CO2
expected to have a cataclysmic effect emissions from the non-sustainable
across the globe. Rising global building. This difference is then divided
temperatures will bring changes in into the domestic target shortfall. The
weather patterns, rising sea levels and answer generally equates to the required
increased frequency and intensity of number of sustainable construction
extreme weather events. The effects will projects required to place the UK on track
be felt globally and time scale is subject to for an achievable domestic goal.
the sensitivity of our climate system. The
philosophy of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) [1] THE ROAD TO KYOTO
stipulates the worst effects of CC can be
avoided if greenhouse gases incorporating In 1896 Svante Arrhenius, suggested that
carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere changes in CO2 levels over 100,000 year
are stabilised instead of being allowed to time scales were a critical factor in the
increase on planet Earth. natural cycles between ice ages [2].
A detailed account of all the fundamental Seuss and Revelle in 1957 were scientists
world conferences and steps taken to with the Scripps Institute of Oceanography
curtail CO2 emission globally is provided. (SIO) [3]. They reported CO2 emitted into
the atmosphere by industrial activities was
This paper considers the United not being absorbed by the oceans. They
Kingdom’s (UK) specific CO2 emission suggested the increase of CO2 in the
reduction target established by the KP. atmosphere is "a large-scale geophysical
The UK is striving to pioneer the way experiment" with the Earth’s climate.
forward for CO2 emission reduction and
has subsequently set an even more Keeling in 1958, was a scientist with the
challenging domestic goal. The target is Scripps Institute, he began the first reliable
analysed taking into account government and continuous measurements of
schemes, papers & legislation put in place atmospheric CO2 [4].
to achieve this more stringent objective.
Mechanisms in place working to achieve Stockholm 1972 saw the first United
the target and mechanisms in place Nations (UN) Conference on the human
working against the target are evaluated. environment [5]. CC was identified as a
pressing issue. The UN initiated the
Projected CO2 emission reduction by the Environment Programme.
UK government is analysed until 2010 and
a shortfall is identified. Geneva 1979 saw the first World Climate
Conference [6]. The World Climate
The construction industry is pivotal to a Program was formed to coordinate global
successful achievement of the domestic research on CC and collect scientific data.
goal. Sustainable construction
undoubtedly reduces CO2 emissions. In Villach (Austria) Conference in 1985
order for the review to provide and issued a warning that "Many important
authoritative conclusion, the paper economic decisions are based on the
provides a residential case study. assumption that past climate is a reliable
guide to the future. This is no longer a
The case study concentrates on the good assumption." [7]
difference of CO2 emission between
sustainable and non-sustainable The Montreal Protocol was established in
construction. An analysis of two 1987. Twenty-four countries agreed to
residential buildings are presented freeze consumption of CFCs and halons at
focussing upon building fabric, ‘U’ values, 1986 levels, and reduce consumption by
heat gains, heat losses, benchmark BRE 50% by the year 1997 [8].
2
3. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
The Intergovernmental Panel on CC [9] INTERNATIONAL, EUROPEAN UNION,
(IPCC) was established in 1988 and was THE UK’S COMMITMENT AND THE
headed up by Bert Bolin. The IPCC was DOMESTIC TARGET
composed mainly of people who
participated not only as science experts The United Nations Framework
but also as official representatives of their Convention on Climate Change
government’s. The IPCC was collated by (UNFCCC), and the provisions of the KP
the UN Environment Programme and the to that Convention stipulates developed
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) countries have agreed that they will cut
to assess the scientific research on CC their overall emissions of greenhouse
and its environmental impacts. gases by 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2008-
2012 [14].
Figure Number 1 – Bert Bolin
th
Since Russia ratified the KP on 16
February 2005, the KP is now international
law [15] and the targets are legally
binding.
The European Union (EU) and its Member
States have agreed to meet a joint target
of 8% reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions below 1990 levels between
2008-2012 [16].
This 'bubble' arrangement allows the EU's
target to be redistributed between member
states (MS) to reflect their national
circumstances, requirements for economic
growth, and the scope for further emission
reductions.
The Conference on the Changing
Atmosphere in Toronto 1988 identified a
In June 1998, the UK agreed to reduce its
20% reduction in CO2 emissions
emissions by 12.5%, which is the UK’s
requirement [10].
legally binding target under the KP.
The first assessment report by the IPCC
The UK signed the UNFCCC on the 12th
was endorsed at Geneva 1990 [11] during
June at Rio de Janeiro 1992 and ratified it
the Second World Climate Conference.
on the 8th December 1993 [17]. The
The conference suggested an international
Government is now obligated to meet the
agreement to mitigate global warming.
commitments of the UNFCCC.
One of the outcomes of the UN
The UK Government has set a domestic
Conference on Environment and
goal to go further than the KP commitment
Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro
and cut the UK’s emissions of CO2 by 20%
1992 [12] was that 154 nations signed the
below 1990 levels by 2010 [18]
UNFCCC, voluntarily agreeing to stabilize
greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels
The 2003 Energy White Paper (EWP)
by the year 2000.
announced that the government would put
the UK on a pathway to achieve CO2
The first assessment by the IPCC was
emission reductions of 60% by 2050 [19].
released in 1995 [13]. The conclusion
suggested “the balance of evidence
suggests that there is a discernible human
influence on global climate."
Kyoto Japan in 1997 saw the birth of the
KP when 159 nations negotiated a treaty
setting out legally binding reduction
targets.
3
4. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
CURRENT UK EMISSIONS that can be quantified, it was estimated the
programme could also deliver a cut of 19%
The graph below indicates CO2 emission in CO2 by 2010.
data for the top ten polluting countries in
2004. It can be seen from the graph, the The main projections of the UK's
UK CO2 emissions equate to emissions of CO2 are derived from the DTI
approximately 150MtC / year. energy model. This is basically a set of
interlocking models of final user energy
Figure Number 2 – Top Ten Countries sectors and the electricity supply sector. It
Carbon Emissions [20] is predominantly a 'top down' model (see
Fig 3 below), based around
econometrically estimated relationships
between energy demand, economic
activity (income) and energy prices [22]
The DTI produce and publish energy
projections for the UK and anticipated CO2
emissions [21].
Figure Number 4 – Top Down Model
[21]
The UK currently contributes 2.3%
towards the overall production of CO2
emission on earth. The production of CO2
within the UK is divided into various
sectors:
Figure Number 3 – Sectors Within The
UK Producing CO2 Emissions [20] Current projections indicate and by
Governments own admission; the UK is
currently not on target to achieve the
domestic goal [23]. The projection of CO2
Buildings Industrial & emissions by 2010 is currently 141.3MtC
20% Manufacturing [24]. The UK domestic goal is 130.8MtC
Process
20% by 2010. This equates to a shortfall of
10.5MtC and an overall CO2 reduction of
14%. Although the KP and subsequently
Domestic the EU targets are being achieved, this is
28% considerably lower than the UK (20%
reduction) domestic target.
Transport
32%
MECHANISMS IN PLACE WORKING TO
ACHIEVE THE UK DOMESTIC TARGET
There are various mechanisms in place
working to achieve the UK CO2 emission
reduction target. The governments
PREDICTED UK EMISSIONS BY 2010 Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
whose main driving force is to ensure the
There have been various updates of CO2 UK domestic target is achievable through
emission predictions over time. The CC the EWP. The Department for
programme set out a wide-ranging Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
package of policies and measures. It (DEFRA) are continually analysing the
estimated that the policies could reduce situation associated with CO2 emission
the UK greenhouse gas emissions to 23% reduction and bring emissions to the
below 1990 levels by 2010 [21]. forefront of speeches and debates.
Furthermore, on the basis of the policies
4
5. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
Grants are often available through CASE STUDY
government to offset high pay-back
periods for sustainable equipment thus Two similar sized residential buildings
ensuring financial feasibility. Professional have been selected for a case study. The
bodies are also following the sustainability Green Building is Sustainable and Heaton
theme and often promote sustainable Park Development is not sustainable. In
development during conferences. order to correctly establish the CO2
emissions from each development the
The most important mechanism in place following case study model has been
working towards delivering a low carbon utilised for each building
built environment is Building Regulations
Part ‘L’ which specify levels of CO2 Figure Number 5 – Case Study Model
emission from construction projects must
not be compromised during design.
MECHANISMS IN PLACE WORKING
AGAINST THE UK TARGET
There are various mechanisms in place
working against the UK CO2 emission
reduction target. The construction industry
is cost orientated and sustainable
technologies are often discarded early in
the design process due to anticipated
increased Cap Ex. Grants which are often
available to offset high Cap Ex and pay-
back periods are difficult to obtain. The
application process can be long winded
and onerous. The current low cost of
utilities is another problem as clients are
not focussed on energy costs and only a
minimal number of clients consider the life
cycle cost of their buildings. Although the
Building Regulations Part ‘L’ are in place
to ensure energy conservation, building
control knowledge of the complicated
calculation process is limited. Scores of
inefficient projects slip through the net
because of inadequate building control
understanding.
MECHANISMS COMPARISON CO2 Calculation Process
Considering the mechanisms working The CO2 calculation process is complex
toward the target, the mechanisms and identifies the anticipated CO2
working against the target and the actual emission from the each development. The
target prediction for 2010, it is clear much calculation method utilised to determine
more work is required to successfully meet emissions from each development is
the UK domestic goal. defined within Schools Environmental
Assessment Method (SEAM) by the
Generally, the mechanisms in place department for Education and
working to achieve the target are vast and Employment. The calculation is defined on
with the correct implication could bring the page 29 [25]. The calculation process
UK back on track to meet the UK domestic considers construction and energy
goal. However, it appears the same consumption principles and is therefore
mechanisms are working against not limited to schools.
themselves. Good measures have been
put in place, generally by government, but The calculation procedure is undertaken
the processes to implement the measures by the following steps:
are obstructive.
5
6. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
• The floor areas, walls, windows and The Green Building provides a mixed-used
‘U’ values for each apartment is complex, created for comfortable, modern
measured, and sustainable use. In addition to 32
apartments, there is a 120-place pre-
• The total heat losses for each school nursery.
apartment are calculated:
A number of sustainable design elements
• Q=UA(T1-T0) Watts, are incorporated in the Green Building,
including a ten-storey cylindrical ‘drum’
• The natural ventilation losses (Taken housing the apartments which utilise both
as an average considering toilets) for natural ventilation and underfloor heating
each apartment are calculated: supplied via condensing boilers. The
building is complete with roof mounted
• Q=0.33NV(T1-T0) Watts, solar collectors and a wind turbine
providing power for the communal lighting.
• All gains, power, lighting, solar &
occupancy are calculated, The Green Building is clad in a recyclable
insulating material in cool green with
• The total heating requirement contrasting wood panels. Brightly
established in kWh coloured sections are interspersed with
floor-to-ceiling glazed panels and timber-
framed windows. This encourages natural
• The anticipated electrical consumption
light in to the open environment.
is estimated in kWh
HEATON PARK DEVELOPMENT
• The calculated gas and electricity
consumption is converted to CO2
Figure Number 7 – Heaton Park
emissions utilising conversion factors
identified in Building Regulations Part
‘L’ (Gas @ 0.192 and Grid Supplied
Electricity @ 0.422).
• Once the anticipated CO2 emission
has been calculated for each
apartment the figures (KgCO2) are
collated for the entire building on an
annual basis i.e. kgCO2/year.
THE GREEN BUILDING
Figure Number 6 – The Green Building
The Heaton Park Development is a non-
sustainable building located in
Manchester.
The building comprises 23 apartments
spread over 2 buildings (existing church
and a new building). The converted
church has 5 levels and the new building
has 3 levels with a community centre.
The Heaton Park development is not
sustainable. The church refurbishment
was exempt from building regulations and
subsequently it was not necessary to
The Green Building is a sustainable increase the building performance with
development located in Macintosh Village, respect to energy efficiency.
Manchester City Centre.
6
7. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
The new building was subject to Building Sustainable development at the residential
Regulations. The developer wanted to case study can save 10 Tonnes Carbon
maximise the profitability of the scheme annually. This divided into the UK built
and therefore discarded recommendations environment shortfall equates to a
for the installation of sustainable requirement of 500,000 similar sized
technologies. sustainable projects within the UK.
CASE STUDY RESULTS CONCLUSION
CO2 emissions from each development The paper has provided an account of the
were calculated with the following results main driving forces to successfully achieve
utilising the case study model. the UK CO2 reduction targets namely,
EWP, DEFRA, DTI, & various other
Table Number 1 – CO2 Emissions from government funded companies / trusts.
The Green Building and Heaton Park
Development The UK target under the KP to reduce a
basket of six greenhouse gases to 12.5%
below 1990 levels by 2008 - 2012 is
Development KgCO2/Yr currently on schedule. However, the
domestic goal of a 20% reduction in CO2
The Green Building 53,000 emissions below 1990 levels by 2010 is
currently not on target. The review
identifies there will be a shortfall of
Heaton Park approximately 10.5MtC for which
90,000
Development approximately 47% is attributed to the built
environment. The overall reduction of CO2
emission is currently running at
DISCUSSION
approximately 14% below 1990 levels.
This equates to a 6% CO2 emission
Information provided in the case study
shortfall from the domestic target.
shows the sustainable building can
potentially save 37,000 KgCO2 / year ie:
The mechanisms working to achieve the
UK CO2 reduction target are mainly
90,000 – 53,000 = 37,000 KgCO2 / year
government initiated and can be very
successful, in particular the building
It is important to note the potential savings
regulations as they are law. However,
through sustainable construction between
almost all the government initiated drivers
two residential developments in
in one way or another are working against
Manchester is measured in CO2. The UK
themselves effectively becoming
domestic target is measured in CO2 but
mechanisms working against the UK CO2
the target shortfall is defined in carbon.
reduction targets.
The current projected shortfall of the UK
The case study analyses two residential
domestic target is 10.5MtC. Buildings
developments. Consideration is given for a
account for 47% emissions therefore 47%
sustainable development against a non-
of the shortfall is attributed to the built
sustainable development. The results
environment.
conclude the sustainable development
produces much less CO2 emission and
The Built environment should therefore
can potentially save 10 Tonnes Carbon
consider saving approximately 5MtC/year
annually. Through calculation 500,000
to assist the UK to get back on track to
similar sized projects would be required to
meet the domestic target.
bring the built environment sector back on
track for the successful achievement of the
Potential Savings in CO2 converted to
UK domestic target.
Carbon, Calculation:
By Edward Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP
(37000 x 12 ) / 44 = 10000KgC
10,000 / 1000 = 10 tC
7
8. CO2 Emissions,
Edward William Jolly MSc BEng (Hons) MCIBSE LEED AP A Review of The United Kingdom’s
Domestic Target
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