The document discusses various sampling methods used in research, including cluster sampling, convenience sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and simple random sampling. Each method is described with examples, such as using geographical clusters for academic performance studies and selecting individuals at fixed intervals for systematic sampling. The emphasis is on ensuring representativeness and fairness in choosing sample populations.

1. Cluster sampling:
Is when the researcher chooses groups of clusters. After
choosing the cluster the researcher then selects individual
subjects further by simple random or systematic random
sampling. An example is a geographical cluster. If a researcher
wanted to see the academic performance of high school students
in Florida. He can divide the population of Florida into
different clusters (cities). From these clusters the researcher can
select subjects from the clusters through simple random
sampling.
Convenience Sampling:
Convenience sampling is used with people who are easy to
reach.
An example of this would be a researcher would do polls at a
local shopping mall.
Systematic Sampling:
Systematic sampling is when you start at a selected point
randomly and from then on from a fixed periodic selection. An
example of this would be: Taking a sample of a population. If
you wanted to select 1,000 people from 500,000 then using this
approach you would select a point randomly and then choose the
participants at a fixed periodical point such as every 50
th
person.
Stratified Sampling:
Is a type of sampling method that the researcher divides the set
population into different groups call “strata”. Then the sample
is drawn from each group.An example would be dividing a high
school into different groups based on grade: freshman, junior,
sophomore and senior. Then taking a random sample from each
group.
Simple Random Sampling:
Is when each member of the population has an equal chance at
being chosen. An example of this would be putting names into a
hat and picking out of the hat randomly. Each person has an

2. equal chance at being picked.
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