Spectrum cloudification enables dynamic sharing of the same spectrum by multiple RATs in modern radio networks. Compared with refarming, this changes the way operators deploy new wireless technologies at lower cost, shorter time, and wider coverage. Since spectrum cloudification applies to technologies up to 5G, areas with 4G coverage now enjoy 5G coverage. Thus, 5G coverage is faster and further.
WSO2 Micro Integrator for Enterprise Integration in a Decentralized, Microser...
CloudAir, Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
1. 1
Reshaping Multi-mode & Multi-band Network
CloudAIR1.0 CloudAIR2.0
5G Fast Introduction
in all bands
Fundamental Network
in golden low band
Smooth RAT Migration
of all bands
CloudAIR3.0
Spectrum Sharing
Spectrum On-Demand Utilization
2. 2
Traditional@7.4MHz Lean GU@6.2MHz
UMTS
GSMGSM
Guard in-band
7.4MHz
UMTS
GSMGSM
No Guard
6.2MHz
Phase-I: GU@5MHz
UMTS Capacity
vs. 5MHz
60%
UMTS
GSMGSM
5MHz
Dynamical Sharing
GU@5MHz, First Step to Spectrum Cloudification
Operator with 5MHz in 900MHz can deploy UMTS
GU Spectrum
Sharing
GL Spectrum
Sharing
UL Spectrum
Sharing
3. 3
Phase-II: GU@5MHz Enhanced
UMTS Capacity
vs. 5MHz
60%
GU@5MHz Enhanced for Extreme Performance
Same Capacity
Bandwidth
Reduced
Same Bandwidth
Capacity Density
x2
x2
Density
Dense Frequency Multiplexing
OR
UMTS
GSMGSM
5MHz
UMTS
GSMGSM
5MHz
UMTS Capacity
vs. 5MHz
85%
GU spectrum sharing, boosting the capacity
GU Spectrum
Sharing
GL Spectrum
Sharing
UL Spectrum
Sharing
5. 5
UMTS and LTE Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
U 1 carrier scenario
52% UMTS Sharing to LTE
2.6M dynamic sharing
U 2.4~5M
L 3~5M
7.4M
UMTS
50~60% vs U5MHz + 50~60% vs L 3MHz
LTE
Enable Limited Spectrum to support U&L
LTEUMTS
Principles:
1. UMTS and LTE 1:1 co-site, co-coverage.
2. The eNodeB sends in real time (Millisecond level) the downlink
spectrum occupation information to NodeB.
3. The NodeB aligns the downlink signal sending time of the UMTS
cell to filter out the UMTS signals in the shared spectrum used by
the LTE cell.
Introduce more LTE Bandwidth Exclusive Algorithm to Ensure the Benefit
eNodeB
NodeB
RB
Schedule
Dynamic Filtering
Time
Frequency
TTI i+1
TTI i
… …
… …
LTE dedicated PRB
LTE occupied sharing PRB
LTE idle sharing PRB
Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter
GU Spectrum
Sharing
GL Spectrum
Sharing
UL Spectrum
Sharing
6. 6
Larger UMTS Capacity & Better LTE Experience
UMTS & LTE Spectrum Sharing Based on DC-HSDPA
U 3 carrier scenario
UMTS UMTS UMTS
UMTS +50% vs U5MHz Larger Capacity
LTE +80% vs L5MHz Better User experience
UMTS
U 2 Carriers + L10M @ 15Mhz
DL only for DC-HSDPA
UMTS LTE
U 3 Carriers @ 15Mhz
UMTS DC main carrier
UMTS DC secondary carrier, only using for DC-HSDPA
DC-HSDPA
UE
Sharing Spectrum Provide UMTS Downlink Channel
Exclusive Algorithm to Ensure the Benefit
Principles:
1. Downlink Adaptive Band-Pass Filter
2. Mobility Policy Optimization
LTE
U2100 f1
U2100 f2 U2100 f2
U900
G900
U2100 f1
UE camp on, be handed
over to, be redirected to,
or reselect to U f1
GU Spectrum
Sharing
GL Spectrum
Sharing
UL Spectrum
Sharing
Editor's Notes
CloudAIR1.0主要用于解决现有网络在多频段和多RAT场景下的网络效率问题。 CloudAIR2.0主要用于解决5G演进场景中现有投资保护，网络演进平滑，5G快速部署等问题。
CloudAIR1.0 is mainly used to solve the network efficiency problem on existing networks in the multi-band and multi-RAT scenario. CloudAIR2.0 is mainly used to solve the problems of existing site investment protection, smooth network evolution, and fast deployment of 5G in the 5G evolution scenario.
下面我们介绍具体的特性。
GU@5M，依据传统的解决方案，部署GSM S111 + UMTS 1载波，至少需要7.4M的频谱。即使是采用lean GSM的技术，也只能在6.2M的频谱上部署.
GU@5M阶段一，在一个标准的UMTS载波，5MHz的基础上，共享出2.4MHz, 部署GSM S111, 实现5MHz频谱上GU同部署。此时UMTS的容量相比标准的5MHz大概是60%。
Let‘s introduce detail CloudAIR features one by one.
GU @ 5M, based on a traditional solution, deploying a GSM S111 + UMTS 1 carrier requires at least 7.4M of spectrum. Even with the lean GSM technology, it can only be deployed on the 6.2M spectrum.
GU @ 5M phase one, a standard UMTS carrier(5MHz) can share 2.4MHz for the deployment of GSM S111, to achieve the GU deployment in 5MHz spectrum . At this time, the UMTS capacity is about 60% compared to the standard 5MHz.
如果采用GSM的频谱紧密复用技术的话，我们可以在1.2MHz的频谱上部署GSM S111.
这就是GU@5M的阶段二。
利用该技术，UMTS只要共享出1.2MHz即可，此时UMTS的容量是标准5MHz的85%； 如果GSM的容量需要还是比较大，可以在2.4MHz上部署GSM S222.
We can deploy GSM S111 on the spectrum of 1.2MHz if we adopt the spectrum tight reuse technology of GSM.
This is phase 2 of GU @ 5M.
With this technology, UMTS can share 1.2MHz to GSM as long as the capacity is 85% of the standard 5MHz. If the capacity of GSM is still relatively large, GSM S222 can be deployed on 2.4MHz.
GSM和LTE频谱并发特性是指在同一片区域内的频谱上同时部署了GSM和LTE两种制式，两种制式根据业务量按需使用相同的频谱资源，提高了频率利用效率，解决了传统Refarming技术一段频谱只能分配给一种制式的问题。本特性由BSC和eNodeB配合实现GSM和LTE对共享频谱的联合分配和调度，特别的，在GSM未使用共享频谱时，LTE可通过使用共享频谱达到大带宽的需求。本特性可应用于GSM和LTE同时支持的频段，即850MHz/900MHz/1800MHz/1900MHz频段。
GSM和LTE频谱并发特性的价值在于：
解决老制式终端长期不退网问题
老制式频谱利用率偏低，老制式退网将是一个漫长的过程。因为老制式终端设备往往存在“长尾效应”，短时间内不能完全退网，导致频谱效率高的新制式不能尽早开启，而造成的高价值频谱资源浪费的问题。GSM和LTE频谱并发可以在保留GSM老制式的同时，部署LTE新制式。
解决新制式引入的初期覆盖率受限、制约用户发展问题
850/900MHz低频段相对1800/1900MHz和2600MHz频段具有传播损耗小、覆盖广的特点。850/900MHz低频段是移动网络中较为稀缺的“黄金频段”，该频段频谱总体带宽小，介于5MHz和10MHz的运营商占56%。没有GSM和LTE频谱并发特性时，这些运营商在850/900MHz低频段不能开启LTE。LTE只能在1800/1900MHz和2600MHz这样的频谱资源较充足的高频段部署。
通过GSM和LTE频谱并发，可在850/900MHz低频引入LTE ，不需要释放现有GSM频谱，只需要共享配置。LTE可以在低频上做到快速全网覆盖，随用户渗透率变化按需使用。
解决现有Refarming机制中一段频谱只能配置给一种制式使用的问题
实现GSM和LTE频谱并发，按需使用频谱，可以在GSM需要时将频谱给GSM使用，GSM不需要时将频谱给LTE使用，从统计复用上充分利用频谱资源、提升频谱利用率。
LTE可以实现850/900/1800/1900MHz频段部署CA
850/900/1800/1900MHz频段部署LTE后，可以将多个频段的LTE联合起来做CA，把所有频段的剩余资源全部聚合，来提升用户体验。
支持存量终端
综合保障GSM和LTE的最优性能
在保障GSM网KPI稳定的前提下，尽可能的提升LTE的下行容量。
This feature enables GSM and LTE to be deployed on the same spectrum band, and determines the usage of this band based on the service volume. The co-deployment of GSM and LTE on one spectrum band fully improves spectral efficiency and addresses the issue that one spectrum band can be allocated to only one RAT in refarming technologies. The BSC and eNodeB implement joint allocation and scheduling of the shared spectrum band. When GSM does not occupy the shared spectrum band, LTE can use the shared spectrum band to meet its large bandwidth requirements. This feature applies to the frequency bands supported by both GSM and LTE, that is, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands.
This feature provides the following benefits:
Solves the long-tail challenge of legacy GSM terminals
Although GSM spectral efficiency is low, for GSM to exit requires a significant amount of time, and may involve years for completion. This is because legacy GSM terminals generally have a long-tail issue and will not exit the network within a specific short period of time. Spectrum resources occupied by GSM cannot be released and reallocated to newer radio access technologies (RATs) that can provide higher spectral efficiency. This feature enables LTE deployment on the same spectrum band originally allocated to GSM while keeping legacy GSM networks.
Solves the early phase issue of insufficient LTE coverage, facilitating user acceptance
Low frequency bands 900 MHz and 850 MHz are characterized by low propagation loss and wide coverage, in comparison to high frequency bands 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, and 2600 MHz. 900 MHz and 850 MHz are considered as gold frequency bands in mobile networks which only have a small bandwidth. Only 56% of operators have a bandwidth of 5–10 MHz on these frequency bands. Without this feature, these operators cannot deploy LTE on 900 MHz and 850 MHz frequency bands. They can only deploy LTE on high frequency bands with relatively abundant frequency resources.
U 1载波场景两种情况：
低频小带宽，更小带宽支持U&L；
高频U存量1载波，L更大带宽更好体验
There are two scenarios for the U 1 carrier scenario:
1. Low bandwidth and small bandwidth support U&L.
2. High frequency U installed with one carrier, providing higher bandwidth and better user experience
UL spectrum sharing based on DC-HSDPA的技术基础与UL动态频谱共享一致，但利用了UMTS DC-HSDPA不发上行的特征，规避了UL之间的上行干扰。
The technical basis of UL spectrum sharing based on DC-HSDPA is the same as that of UL dynamic spectrum sharing. However, UMTS DC-HSDPA does not transmit uplink signals, which avoids uplink interference between UL and UL.
