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2. Cloud Computing Architecture

3. Cloud Computing Architecture
Front End
● It Provides application and interface that are
required for the cloud based service
● These applications are web browsers, such as
google chrome
● It includes clients and computing device and also
provide Graphical User Interface
Back End
● It manages all the programs that run the application
on the front end
● It has a large number of data storage systems and
servers.

4. Cloud Computing Architecture
Back End
Application Service Storage Management Security
• It can be a software
or a platform
• Provides output to
the end user in the
back end.
• Its task is to
provide utility in
the architecture.
• It maintains and
manages any
amount of data
over the internet.
• It allocates specific
resources to a
specific task.
• It provides security
to the cloud server
with virtual
firewalls which
results in
preventing data
loss

5. Layers of Cloud

6. Layers of Cloud
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
The basic layer of cloud is the infrastructure –IaaS (Infrastructure as a service). This layer is basically
hardware and network.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
The second layer of the cloud is the platform – the PaaS (Platform as a service). The platform layer
provides resources to actually build applications. In combination with IaaS, PaaS provides the ability to
develop, test, run, and host applications.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
The third cloud layer is the actual Software – the SaaS (Software as a service). SaaS has been used for
many years, but in a Cloud setting, it is the layer in which the user consumes the offering from the service
provider.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
The top layer of the cloud is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO).Layer concerned with consuming
services from a vendor, BPO is about outsourcing services to a vendor

7. Layers of Cloud

8. Layers of Cloud
User/Client Layer:
⮚ Lowest Layer in the cloud Architecture
⮚ All Client / Users belong to this layer
⮚ Client initiates the connection to the Cloud
⮚ Client can be any device
Network Layer:
⮚ This layer allows User to connect to the Cloud
⮚ Public Cloud exist in a specific location and user won’t know the location . It
can accessed all over the world.
⮚ In Private Cloud the connectivity may be provided by a Local Area
Network(LAN).
Cloud Management Layer
⮚ Software's that are used in managing the cloud. Software's can be a cloud
operating system or interface between the data center and the user that allows
managing resources.

9. Hardware Resource Layer
⮚ Consist of actual hardware resources.
⮚ In Cloud a data center is used in the back end which is a huge collection of
hardware resources interconnected to each other

11. Anatomy of the Cloud

12. Cloud Networking
● Cloud networking refers to the practice of utilizing cloud computing technologies to provide
networking services, such as data storage, computing power, and network connectivity.
● Organizations can use virtualized infrastructure in cloud networking to create and manage
their networks rather than relying on physical hardware.
● Cloud networking enables businesses to easily scale their network resources up or down as
needed without having to invest in additional hardware.
● Some common cloud networking services include virtual private clouds (VPCs), which allow
organizations to create their own private networks within a cloud environment, and
software-defined wide area networks (SD-WANs), which can be used to manage network
traffic across multiple locations.
● Cloud networking also enables remote access to network resources, allowing employees to
access company data from anywhere with an internet connection securely.

13. • Cloud networking is a type of IT infrastructure in which some or all of an
organization’s network capabilities and resources are hosted in a public
or private cloud platform, managed in-house or by a service provider,
and available on demand.
• Companies can either use on-premises cloud networking resources to
build a private cloud network or use cloud-based networking resources
in the public cloud, or a hybrid cloud combination of both.
• These network resources can include virtual routers, firewalls, and
bandwidth and network management software, with other tools and
functions available as required.

14. Why cloud networking?
• Businesses today turn to the cloud to drive agility, deliver differentiation,
accelerate time-to-market, and increase scale. The cloud model has become
the standard approach to build and deliver applications for the modern
enterprise.
• Cloud networking has also played a critical role in the way organizations
address their growing infrastructure needs, regional expansions, and
redundancy plans.
• Many organizations are adopting a multi-data center strategy and
leveraging multiple clouds from multiple cloud service providers (CSPs).

15. Cloud Networking Protocols
● Cloud networking protocols are a set of rules and standards that govern the transfer and
management of data between cloud resources. These protocols are used to ensure that data
is transmitted efficiently and securely within a cloud network environment.
● Some common cloud networking protocols include:
1. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): TCP/IP is a set of protocols
that define how data is transmitted between devices on the internet. It is the backbone of
cloud networking and is used to transfer data between cloud resources.
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is a protocol that is used to transfer data
between web servers and web clients. Cloud networking commonly uses it to transfer data
between cloud resources and web clients.
3. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): SNMP is a protocol that is used to manage
network devices and monitor network performance. It is commonly used in cloud networking
to monitor the performance of cloud resources and identify potential issues.
4. Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS): SSL/TLS are protocols that
are used to encrypt data transmitted over a network. They are commonly used in cloud
networking to ensure that data is transmitted securely and to prevent unauthorized access to
cloud resources.
5. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): BGP is a protocol that is used to exchange routing
information between different networks. It is commonly used in cloud networking to manage
data flow between different cloud resources and ensure that data is transmitted efficiently.

16. Cloud Networking Architecture
Cloud networking architecture refers to the design, deployment, and management of network resources
in a cloud computing environment.

17. Advantages of Cloud Networking :
1.On-Demand Self Service –
Cloud computing provides required application, services, and utility to client.
With login key, they can begin to use besides any human interplay and cloud
service providers. It consists of storage and digital machines.
2.High Scalability –
It requests grant of resources on large scale besides any human intervention with
every service provider.
3.Agility –
It shares the assets efficiently amongst customers and works quickly.
4.Multi-sharing –
By distributed computing, distinctive clients from couple of areas share identical
resources through fundamental infrastructure.

18. 5. High availability and Reliability –
The servers are accessible at the proper time besides any delay or
disappointment.
6. Maintenance –
It is user-friendly as they are convenient to get entry to from their
location and does not require any installation set up.
7. Low Cost –
It is very economical and can pay in accordance with its usage.

19. Network Connectivity in Cloud Computing
● Cloud networking refers to the ability to connect two resources together inside a
cloud, across clouds and with on-premises data centers. A cloud provider needs to
provide three main types of connectivity:
1. Site-to-cloud - Between on-premises equipment and cloud resources
2. Site-to-site - To connect on-premises resources together
3. VPC-to-VPC - Connectivity between cloud resources

20. Site-to-cloud connectivity
● Site-to-cloud connectivity traditionally is done via a cloud interconnect or a
cloud VPN. The automatic exchange of routes between on-premises and
multiple VPCs can be done using a transit VPC.
● A newer approach is to add cloud providers into an SD-WAN mesh using
a router virtual appliance in Google Cloud. Network Connectivity Center brings
the capacity to synchronize the appliance routes dynamically via BGP
to Cloud Router and hence their VPCs. It enables connectivity between on-
premises data centers and branch offices and their cloud workloads via SD-
WAN-enabled connectivity. This capability is available globally across all 29+
Google Cloud regions. Several of our partners also support this capability in
their router appliances.

22. Site-to-site connectivity
● Site-to-site connectivity enables network connectivity directly between two or more
hybrid connection points (VPN, Interconnect or SD-WAN). Network Connectivity
Center simplifies this model by automating the routing announcements in this
environment, such that all sites connected to a single global Network Connectivity
Center hub are able to communicate freely in any-any fashion.

24. VPC-to-VPC connectivity
You can create a full or partial mesh of VPC connections using multiple technologies, with
VPC peering being the most common. VPC peering provides highly performant, low
latency, private connectivity for customer networks connected via hybrid
connectivity and Network Connectivity Center to multiple VPCs containing workloads,
which can be segmented via granular firewall policies as needed. Alternatively, you can
use a transit VPC model to connect multiple VPCs together in a hub and spoke topology.

25. Applications on the Cloud
Cloud service providers provide various applications in the field of art, business,
data storage and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social
networking, etc.

26. 1. Art Applications
Cloud computing offers various art applications for quickly and easily design attractive
cards, booklets, and images. Some most commonly used cloud art applications are given
below:
EX- 1. Moo 2. Vistaprint 3. Adobe Creative Cloud
2. Business Applications
Business applications are based on cloud service providers. Today, every organization requires
the cloud business application to grow their business. It also ensures that business applications
are 24*7 available to users
EX- 1. Salesforce 2. Paypal
3. Data Storage and Backup Applications
Cloud computing allows us to store information (data, files, images, audios, and videos) on
the cloud and access this information using an internet connection. As the cloud provider is
responsible for providing security, so they offer various backup recovery application for
retrieving the lost data
Ex. Google G Suite

27. 4. Education Applications
Cloud computing in the education sector becomes very popular. It offers
various online distance learning platforms and student information
portals to the students. The advantage of using cloud in the field of education
is that it offers strong virtual classroom environments, Ease of accessibility,
secure data storage, scalability, greater reach for the students, and minimal
hardware requirements for the applications.
Ex-Google Apps for Education, Chromebooks for Education, AWS in
Education
5. Entertainment Applications
Entertainment industries use a multi-cloud strategy to interact with the target
audience. Cloud computing offers various entertainment applications such as
online games and video conferencing.
Ex-Online games, Video Conferencing Apps

28. 6. Management Applications
Cloud computing offers various cloud management tools which help
admins to manage all types of cloud activities, such as resource
deployment, data integration, and disaster recovery. These management
tools also provide administrative control over the platforms,
applications, and infrastructure.
Evernote
7. Social Applications
Social cloud applications allow a large number of users to connect with
each other using social networking applications such as Facebook,
Twitter, Linkedln, etc.

29. Managing the Cloud
• Cloud computing management is maintaining and controlling the cloud services and resources be it
public, private or hybrid. Some of its aspects include load balancing, performance, storage, backups,
capacity, deployment etc.
• To do so a cloud managing personnel needs full access to all the functionality of resources in the cloud.
• Private cloud infrastructure is operated only for a single organization, so that can be managed by the
organization or by a third party. Public cloud services are delivered over a network that is open and
available for public use. In this model, the IT infrastructure is owned by a private company and members
of the public can purchase or lease data storage or computing capacity as needed.
• Hybrid cloud environments are a combination of public and private cloud services from different
providers.
• Cloud management can also help organizations achieve three goals:
• Self-service refers to the flexibility achieved when cloud users access cloud resources, create new ones,
monitor usage and cost, and adjust resource allocations -- without the intervention of IT professionals or
cloud service providers.
• Workflow automation lets operations teams manage cloud instances without human intervention. This is
a key element in any automation infrastructure used for workload deployment and monitoring.
• Cloud analysis helps track cloud workloads and user experiences. This is essential for the management
and optimization of cloud costs and performance.

30. ● Need of Cloud Management :
Cloud is nowadays preferred by huge organizations as their primary data
storage. A small downtime or an error can cause a great deal of loss and
inconvenience for the organizations. So as to design, handle and maintain a
cloud computing service specific members are responsible who make sure
things work out as supposed and all arising issues are addressed.
● Cloud Management Platform :
A cloud management platform is a software solution that has a robust and
extensive set of APIs that allow it to pull data from every corner of the IT
infrastructure. A CMP allows an IT organization to establish a structured
approach to security and IT governance that can be implemented across the
organization’s entire cloud environment.

31. Cloud Management Tasks
● The below figure represents different cloud management tasks :

32. • Auditing System Backups –
It is required to audit the backups from time to time to ensure restoration of randomly selected files
of different users. This might be done by the organization or by the cloud provider.
• Flow of data in the system –
The managers are responsible for designing a data flow diagram that shows how the data is supposed
to flow throughout the organization.
• Vendor Lock-In –
The managers should know how to move their data from a server to another in case the organization
decides to switch providers.
• Knowing provider’s security procedures –
The managers should know the security plans of the provider, especially Multitenant use, E-commerce
processing, Employee screening and Encryption policy.
• Monitoring the Capacity, Planning and Scaling abilities –
The manager should know if their current cloud provider is going to meet their organization’s demand
in the future and also their scaling capabilities.
• Monitoring audit log –
In order to identify errors in the system, logs are audited by the managers on a regular basis.
• Solution Testing and Validation –
It is necessary to test the cloud services and verify the results and for error-free solutions.

33. What is cloud infrastructure?
• Cloud infrastructure has number of key components but not limited to only server,
software, network and storage devices. Still cloud infrastructure is categorized into
three parts in general i.e.
1.Computing
2.Networking
3.Storage
• The most important point is that cloud infrastructure should have some basic
infrastructural constraints like transparency, scalability, security and intelligent
monitoring etc.

34. • The below figure represents components of cloud infrastructure

35. 1. Hypervisor :
Hypervisor is a firmware or a low level program which is a key to enable virtualization. It is used to divide and allocate cloud
resources between several customers. As it monitors and manages cloud services/resources that’s why hypervisor is called
as VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor) or (Virtual Machine Manager).
2. Management Software :
Management software helps in maintaining and configuring the infrastructure. Cloud management software monitors and
optimizes resources, data, applications and services.
3. Deployment Software :
Deployment software helps in deploying and integrating the application on the cloud. So, typically it helps in building a
virtual computing environment.
4. Network :
It is one of the key component of cloud infrastructure which is responsible for connecting cloud services over the internet.
For the transmission of data and resources externally and internally network is must required.
5. Server :
Server which represents the computing portion of the cloud infrastructure is responsible for managing and delivering cloud
services for various services and partners, maintaining security etc.
6. Storage :
Storage represents the storage facility which is provided to different organizations for storing and managing data. It provides
a facility of extracting another resource if one of the resource fails as it keeps many copies of storage.
NOTE: Along with this, virtualization is also considered as one of important component of cloud infrastructure. Because it
abstracts the available data storage and computing power away from the actual hardware and the users interact with their
cloud infrastructure through GUI (Graphical User Interface).

36. What is cloud infrastructure management?
⮚ Cloud infrastructure management comprises the processes and tools needed to
effectively allocate and deliver key resources when and where they are required.
⮚ The UI, or dashboard, is a good example of such a tool; it acts as a control
panel for provisioning, configuring and managing cloud infrastructure.
⮚ Cloud infrastructure management is useful in delivering cloud services to both:
1.Internal users, such as developers or any other roles that
consume cloud resources.
2.External users, such as customers and business partners.

37. Top 6 Cloud Infrastructure Management Software Solutions for Enterprises
1. OpenStack
OpenStack is one of the most popular free and open-source cloud infrastructure management software platforms for cloud computing. In
most cases, it is deployed as an infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
Below are some of the top features of OpenStack –
•Automates all the important processes such as application lifecycle, networking, workload provisioning, storage, and container infrastructure
•Integrates with legacy systems and works with many open-source technologies, making it suitable for heterogeneous networks
•Multi-dimensional scalability for both vertically and horizontally distributed storage
•Enables backup and archives large amounts of data with linear performance
2. RackWare
RackWare’s RMM software solution is a well-known name that enables enterprises to easily and cost-effectively leverage private, public, or
hybrid cloud environments without having to change their applications or operating systems.
Among the main features of RackWare –
•Delivers robust mobility across a variety of platforms and cloud stacks with automatic resource elasticity depending upon workload demand
•Enables users to scale cost-effectively across private and public clouds without the need for any application rewrites
•Helps enterprises seamlessly migrate to the cloud, protect their workloads through back up and disaster recovery, along with managing
multiple physical, virtual, and cloud environments

38. 3. CloudFuze
CloudFuze is another widely-used cloud management platform that allows businesses to easily manage their files using any device. The
platform also offers a robust cloud migration solution that enables customers to safely access, share, and migrate massive volumes of
data.
Below are some of the other features of CloudFuze –
•Offers end-to-end cloud file and user migrations for business users, including managed migrations for big enterprises
•Offers users seamless and hassle-free access to manage files saved across multiple cloud accounts
•Features a file-sharing tool that allows teams to easily collaborate with each other irrespective of their location
4. Apache CloudStack
Apache CloudStack is specifically designed to deploy and manage large networks of virtual machines. The highlight of this software is a
turnkey Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud computing platform which includes network as a service, account management, compute
orchestration, open API, and resource accounting.
Among the other features of Apache CloudStack include –
•It is an open-sourced cloud computing company that creates, manages, and deploys infrastructure cloud services
•The software can be used both by organizations running their own private clouds and public cloud computing vendors
•Apache CloudStack is designed for use by enterprises that offer on-premise cloud or hybrid solutions
•Apache CloudStack’s API is fully compatible with AWS EC2 and S3, especially suitable for hybrid cloud deployment

39. 5. Scalr
Scalr offers an excellent hybrid cloud management platform designed specifically for enterprises looking to build a robust cloud strategy
that doesn’t compromise on security, efficiency, or cost.
Below are some of the other features of Scalr –
•Offers a self-service approach to cloud management that allows enterprises to keep the costs down while achieving modular infrastructure
with agility
•Ensures that everything is shortly run through a dashboard that aims to simplify the overall user experience, with a single user interface
and API required for managing multiple cloud platforms
•One of the key objectives of Scalr is to avoid vendor lock-in by encouraging policies that drive integration with existing systems instead of
buying proprietary software
6. Cloudability
Cloudability is a powerful cloud management platform that focuses squarely on cost optimization. Boasting of a unique approach
called FinOps, it seamlessly integrates finance into the DevOps mix.
Among some of the other features of Cloudability are –
•An excellent cloud cost management solution that offers allocation reporting, RI planner, spend monitoring, EC2 usage, and AWS cost
analytics
•Ideal for enterprises looking for a solution to track, manage, and optimize their cloud costs
•Features such as cost reporting based on tags, service, data transfer, etc. along with RI utilization reports

40. Cloud Migration
• Cloud migration is the procedure of transferring applications, data, and other
types of business components to any cloud computing platform.
• There are several parts of cloud migration an organization can perform. The
most used model is the applications and data transfer through an on-premises
and local data center to any public cloud.
• But, a cloud migration can also entail transferring applications and data from a
single cloud environment or facilitate them to another- a model called cloud-to-
cloud migration.

41. Pros of Cloud Migration

42. • Flexibility: No organization facilitating experiences a similar
demand level by a similar number of users every time. If our
apps face fluctuations in traffic, then cloud infrastructure permits
us to scale down and up to meet the demand. Hence, we can
apply only those resources we require.
• Scalability: The analytics grow as the organization grows with
databases, and other escalates workloads. The cloud facilitates
the ability to enhance existing infrastructure. Therefore,
applications have space to raise without impacting work.

43. • Agility: The part of the development is remaining elastic enough
for responding to rapid modifications within the technology
resources. Cloud adoption offers this by decreasing the time
drastically it takes for procuring new storage and inventory.
• Productivity: Our cloud provider could handle the complexities
of our infrastructure so we can concentrate on productivity.
Furthermore, the remote accessibility and simplicity of most of the
cloud solutions define that our team can concentrate on what
matters such as growing our business.

44. • Security: The cloud facilitates security than various others data
centers by centrally storing data. Also, most of the cloud providers
give some built-in aspects including cross-enterprise visibility,
periodic updates, and security analytics.
• Profitability: The cloud pursues a pay-per-use technique. There
is no requirement to pay for extra charges or to invest continually
in training on, maintaining, making, and updating space for
various physical servers.

45. Phases of Cloud Migration

46. Phases of Cloud Migration
1. Plan our migration
Cloud migration needs a solid planning strategy to be successful. Get clear over
our reasons for the transfer and which of the migration strategy best helps them
before getting begun. Here is where we might apply cloud migration resources
and tools for supporting our migration plan by:
• Giving complete visibility into our on-premise platform including each system
dependency.
• Assessing security, server, and performance requirements. Also, examine what
type of training our team will require.

47. 2. Select cloud environment
We are ready to select any cloud provider that matches our requirements after
evaluating our latest application resource needs.
The most popular environments include Google Cloud Platform
, Microsoft Azure
, and AWS (Amazon Web Services)
. All of these environments provide a lot of distinct cloud models for adopting,
whether it is multi-cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, or public cloud. Price out, test,
and build out a virtual workspace for seeing how things appear in distribution.

48. 3. Migrate data and apps
We have three options for moving a local data center to a public cloud
such as online transfer with either private network or public internet, or
an offline transfer (offline).
Here, we upload data on an appliance for shipping to any cloud provider.
One of the best approaches relies on the type and amount of data we are
speed and moving on which to implement it.

49. Approaches for Cloud Migration

50. 1. Rehosting (lift-and-shift)
• The most general path is rehosting (or lift-and-shift),
which implements as it sounds. It holds our application
and then drops it into our new hosting platform without
changing the architecture and code of the app.
• Also, it is a general way for enterprises unfamiliar with
cloud computing, who profit from the deployment speed
without having to waste money or time on planning for
enlargement.

51. 2. Re-platforming
• Re-platforming is called "lift-tinker-and-shift". It includes
making some cloud optimizations without modifying our app's
core architecture.
• It is the better strategy for enterprises that are not ready for
configuration and expansion, or those enterprises that wish to
improve trust inside the cloud.

52. 3. Re-factoring
• It means to rebuild our applications from leverage to scratch
cloud-native abilities.
• We could not perform serverless computing or auto-scaling.
• A potential disadvantage is vendor lock-in as we are re-
creating on the cloud infrastructure.
• It is the most expensive and time-consuming route as we may
expect.

53. 4. Re-purchasing
• It means replacing our existing applications along with a new SaaS-
based and cloud-native platform (such as a homegrown CRM using
Salesforce).
• The complexity is losing the existing training and code's familiarity
with our team over a new platform. However, the profit is ignoring
the cost of the development.
• Re-purchasing is the most cost-effective process if moving through
a highly personalized legacy landscape and minimizing the apps and
service number we have to handle.

54. 5. Retiring
When we don't find an application useful and then simply turn off these
applications. The consequencing savings may boost our business situation for
application migration if we are accessible for making the move.
6. Re-visiting
Re-visiting may be all or some of our applications must reside in the house. For
example, applications that have unique sensitivity or handle internal processes to
an enterprise. Don't be scared for revisiting cloud computing at any later date. We
must migrate only what makes effects to the business.