Cloud computing provides on-demand access to hardware and software resources over a network, allowing users to access applications and files from any internet-connected device on a pay-per-use basis. It encompasses various architectures, including cluster computing, peer-to-peer networks, and grid computing, each with distinct characteristics and uses. Virtualization in cloud systems enhances cost-effectiveness and scalability for both users and providers.

1. Cloud computing
.
• Cloud computing is the use of hardware and
software to deliver a service over a network. It
is on demand computing resources in which
users can access files and use application from
any device that can access the internet on a
pay for use basis. Instead of computers hard
drive we are using it.

2. Cloud Architecture :
System models for distributed and cloud
computing
• Cluster Computing
• Peer-to-Peer networks
• Grid computing Infrastructures
• Cloud Computing over an internet

3. Cluster Computing :
Consists of interconnected stand-alone computers which work
cooperatively as a singleintegrated computing resource.
Similar type of nodes are grouped together

4. • Figure shows the architecture of a typical
server cluster built around a low-latency, high
bandwidth interconnection network
• The network of compute nodes are connected
by LAN/SAN,etc
• They are typically homogeneous with
distributed control running Unix/Linux

5. Peer-to-Peer networks :
• The P2P architecture offers a distributed model of
networked systems.
• Each system is connected by each other and each
data is shared to each system
• In a P2P system, every node acts as both a client and
a server, providing part of the system resources.
• Peer machines are simply client computers
connected to the Internet. All client machines act
autonomously to join or leave the system freely.

7. • In P2P network, every node (peer) acts as
both a client and server.
• No central coordination or central database is
needed.
• The system is self-organizing with distributed
control.
• Unlike the cluster or grid, a P2P network does
not use dedicated interconnection network.

8. Grid computing Infrastructures
• Infrastucture,Grids are heterogeneous clusters interconnected by
high-speed networks
• Infrastucture
• It does easy task with large scale company.
• They have centralized control and are server-oriented with
authenticated security.
• They are suited to distributed supercomputing. The grid is
constructed across LANs, WANs or Internet backbones at a regional,
national or global scale.
• The computers used in a grid include servers, clusters, and super-
computers.
• PCs, laptops, and mobile devices can be used to access a grid system.

10. Cloud Computing over an internet
• A Cloud is a pool of virtualized computer
resources.
• Workloads can be deployed and scaled out
quickly through rapid Virtual Machines.
• Virtualization of server resources has enabled
cost effectiveness and allowed cloudsystems to
low costs to benefit both users and providers.
• Cloud computing applies a virtualized platform
with hardware, software, and data sets
dynamically.