This document discusses orthodontic treatment using closing loops made of different materials. Stainless steel closing loops produce higher horizontal forces and load/deflection ratios compared to beta titanium loops. A moment/force ratio of 9.3 is optimal for retracting anterior teeth in a 0.022-inch slot system. Placement of the closing loop can affect whether it encourages root tipping through moment forces or translation. Alternatives like bending the archwire or using mini screws or headgear may be needed to prevent unwanted side effects like a deep bite.

1. 3.5mm
7.5mm
Closing loop

10. M/F
M/F

11. M/F
M/F

12. M/F
M/F

13. M/F
M/F

14. M/F
M/F

19. M/F
M/F

20. M/F
M/F

21. M/F
M/F

22. • Lower Moment/force inadequate root control
M/F
M/F

23. M/F
M/F
• To prevent side-effect of deep bite
1. Gable bending 20-30 degree
2. Or mini screw to prevent deep bite
3. Or High pull headgear J-hook to make bodily movement

24. • To prevent side-effect of deep bite
1. Gable bending 20-30 degree
2. Or mini screw to prevent deep bite
3. Or High pull headgear J-hook to make bodily movement
M/F
M/F

25. • Horizontal force (HF) and load/deflection ratio (L/D)
produce strongly influenced by the metal alloy stainless
steel than beta titanium.
• Optimal force and an M/F ratio for the retraction of anterior
teeth, and is applicable in a 0.022-in slot system.
• M/F ratio of 9.3
• Inadequate root control
• Vertical force could lead to deep overbite relationship
• If closing loop is placed off-center between center and
posterior, short section create moment, encouraging
root tipping. Longer section smaller moment encourage
translation.
• The beta-titanium loops produced lower amounts of
horizontal force and load/deflection ratio than the stainless
steel loops.
• The stainless steel loops generated high load/deflection
proportions, and consequently provided higher levels of
horizontal force during their deactivation.
• We should consider for alternative treatment
M/F
M/F