This document discusses various orthodontic auxiliaries used to apply torque during treatment. It begins with an overview of torque and its importance in orthodontics. It then describes several different auxiliaries designed by orthodontists like Begg and Kesling to apply lingual or labial root torque to individual teeth. These include spurred auxiliaries, uprighting springs, and boxes. The document provides details on the design, application, and effectiveness of these various auxiliaries for controlled root torque during orthodontic alignment.

2. Guided by –
Dr. Shruti Mittal
Professor & Hod
Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics

3.  Introduction
 Torquing auxiliaries with spurs
 Other torquing auxuliary designs
 Uprighting springs in new australian wire
 Securing the new springs
 Conclusion
 References

4.  Torque is inclination of dental crown antero
posteriorly in the anterior teeth and
transversal in posterior teeth – 3rd key in
occlusion
 Torque provides control over root movements
 By Dr. Begg
 Unique advantage – separates root moving
forces from archwire forces.
 Reactions generated are spread to entire
arch

7.  Bent into small circle
 Lingual torquing effect-
1. Vertical plane ,fitted on 2 CI
2. When aux opened to larger arc ,it rolls
inwards.
 Both effects force the tips of spurs to press
in lingual direction against the gingival
portion

8.  Reciprocally inter spur span lifts away in labial
direction creating couple.
 Labial forces are resisted by bracket slots and base
wire to which aux is tied.
 Made from 0.012” PP wire in refined beg against
conventional 0.014” or 0.016” SP wire.

9. 1. Length of spur :- Longer spur produces gentler
and constant force so Avg length of spur should
be 5 mm, depending on clinical crown height,
1 mm short of gum.
2. Inclination of spur :- kept at 0 deg to occlusal
plane for 100% activation simulating forces
produced by heavier wires with lesser degree
of activation.
3. Angle of spur :- inter spur span opens up and
the legs of spur tend to converge and may
cross each other on tying, which is remedied
by slightly over angulating the spur and legs
being divergent, on placing spurs will move to
MD centre of crowns keeping legs parallel.

11. 4. Inter spur span is curved as recommended by
kesling .

12.  Straight or
angulated midway
does not rest
entirely on base
wire but projects
away as tied aux
follows the shape of
ant curvature of
archwire.

13.  Curved aux running
piggyback smoothly
over base wire
transfers its reaction
better to the entire
takes shape of open
ended circle.
 Forces increase with
decrease in diameter
of circle.

14. 1. Reverse (labial) torque on one or both LI :
 Boxes at right angle to plane of spurs lie at
incisal area of LI
 Crossover bends on either side
2. Torquing boxes on canines for lingual root
torque:

15.  By kesling
 Usually made in 0.012 size PP wire
 Used for any tooth except molars for root
torque in labial or lingual direction.
 In upper premolar to eliminate cuspal
interference
 Convexity of upper arm facing upward will
have buccal root torquing effect in upper
premolars but lingual in lower pm.

17.  For two adjacent teeth requiring root torque
in opposite direction.
 Spec made in 0.009” or 0.010” size wires
could be used during 1st or 2nd stages
 Spec made in 0.012’ siz wire could be used
for 3rd stage
 Box requiring labial root torque is placed
incisal and box requiring lingual root torque
is placed piggyback to main wire.
 A crossover bend is required b/w adjacent
teeth.

19.  For controlling roots of canines or premolars
 By FRANCIKUS TAN in 1987 in JOURNAL OF
CLINICAL ORTHODONTICS
 for labial root movement of palatally
impacted max canine with aligned crown.
 Inverted for lingual root torque
 Made from 0.012” P+ wire and fitted in
conjunction with 0.018” & 0.020” base wire.

21.  To torque roots buccally In 3rd stage for u6
crown rolling buccally .
 Boot design occlusal extensions on the
molars & inserted from the mesial end of
molar tubes.
 Boot portion is twisted lingually and givena
toe in, auxillary is suitably contracted.

23.  Design similar to jenner auxillary
 Made from 0.012” size wire and placed with
convexity of the auxillary facing gingivally.
 Engaged first in incisors brackets, main wire
is then engaged piggyback.
 Boxes extend labially on the incisal area of
the crowns.
 In lower incisors where central incisors and
the canines are normal & no reciprocal
lingual root torque.

25. 1. Two spur arch
2. Four spur arch
3. Modifies spur arch
4. Modified kitchon 2
spurs
5. Kitchon two finger
spur
6. F & j two spur arch
7. Sain reverse torque
arch

26.  New australian wires
 Beggs appliance lacks mesio-distal control
 MD angulation of the roots correction during
third stage.
 Springs made in 0.016” , 0.018” & 0.014”
size wires.
 Mollenhauer introduced mini springs made in
0.009” size supreme grade wire.
 Difference from older springs :-
1. Coil is only twice the wire size
2. Stem runs tangential to the coil

28.  New springs fall off.
 Mollenhauer advised
jamming them with
lock pin labial to the
base archwire.

29.  0.014” had lesser play
in bracket helping
retention.
 Greater amount of play
of the mini spring,
when ligature is tied in
the conventional
manner

30.  Modification in tying
method with ligature
before placing the spring.
 Ligature tied 1st passing it
through the bracket in front
of archwire and then
passed behind wire outside
bracket before 2 ends are
twisted & occupies part of
space of bracket pillar.
 Reducing play

31.  By Sims
 Insert stem lingual to
the main wire
 After pinning wire using
stage III pins
 Spring fitted lingual to
the archwire, which is
engaged with a pin

32.  Mini – inner diameter of
coils is only twice the size
of wire diameter.
 Maxi – inner diamter of
coil is four times the size
of wire diameter
 Midi – coils slightly bigger
than mini by winding
them around 0.9mm
spring winder tip.
 Midi coils are less stiff

33.  Auxiliaries provide adequate controlled light
forces by clinician providing aesthetic
results.

34. 1. Kesling p.c : begg theory and technique: past
present and future: johnston LE, editor: new
vistas in orthodontics, lea and febiger,
philadelphia, 1985 chapter 9; page 32
2. Karandikar G: the mouse trap auxiliary.manual
of 2nd ios pg convention dharwad
3. Swain bf: the begg technique: graber TM,
swain BF, current principles and technique ed
2, st louis, C. C. Mosby Company, page 794,
1975
4. Begg PR: begg PR, kesling PC: begg orthodontic
theory and technique, ed 3, philadephia: w b
saunders, page 132,1971
5. Tan f: begg reverse torquing auxiliary: j clin
orthod; 21: 789, 1987.